List of Mount Etna eruptions

This is a list of volcanic eruptions from Mount Etna, an active stratovolcano on the Italian island of Sicily that is currently erupting. These eruptions have taken place from summit craters and flank vents, the latter of which are less frequently active, but typically issue volcanic material at higher rates. The earliest reported eruption took place in 1500 BCE, making volcanism at Mount Etna one of the longest documented on Earth.[1] Most of the documented eruptions from Mount Etna have ranked 1–3 on the Volcanic Explosivity Index, but infrequent VEI-0, VEI-4 and VEI-5 eruptions have also been recorded since 1500 BCE.[2]

Eruptions during the Common Era

Data obtained from the Global Volcanism Program website.[2]

VEI Date Evidence Activity area or unit
2 December 23, 2024 (2024-12-23) – Ongoing Reported, seismicity Southeast Crater, Bocca Nuova
3 September 3, 2013 – June 17, 2022 (2013-09-03 – 2022-06-17) Reported Southeast Crater, New Southeast Crater, Northeast Crater, Bocca Nuova, Voragine Crater, Saddle Cone, Cono della Sella
3 August 25, 2010 – April 27, 2013 (2010-08-25 – 2013-04-27) Reported Bocca Nuova, Northeast Crater, New Southeast Crater, Voragine Crater
1 April 8, 2010 (2010-04-08) Reported Southeast Crater
2 March 19, 2007 – July 4, 2009 (2007-03-19 – 2009-07-04) Reported Bocca Nuova, Southeast Crater, flank vents
2 July 14 – December 15, 2006 (2006-07-14 – 2006-12-15) Reported Southeast Crater, Northeast Crater, flank vents
1 December 16–22, 2005 (2005-12-16 – 2005-12-22) Reported Bocca Nuova
1 September 7, 2004 – March 8, 2005 (2004-09-07 – 2005-03-08) Reported Southeast Crater, southeast flank
1 (?) February 12–14, 2004 (2004-02-12 – 2004-02-14) Reported Central Crater
3 December 16 (?), 2001 ± 15 days – November 9, 2003 Reported Central Crater, Northeast Crater, south flank, northeast rift
3 June 17, 1994 – August 19, 2001 (1994-06-17 – 2001-08-19) Reported Central Crater, Northeast Crater, Southeast Crater, south to northeast flanks
1 August 3 – October 3, 1993 (1993-08-03 – 1993-10-03) Reported Central Crater, Northeast Crater
3 (?) July 3, 1979 – March 30, 1993 (1979-07-03 – 1993-03-30) Reported Central Crater, Southeast Crater, Northeast Crater, Valle del Bove, east flank, northeast flank, southeast flank, north-northwest flank, south flank
2 September 19, 1971 – March 16 (?), 1979 Reported Central Crater, Southeast Crater, Northeast Crater, west flank, north flank, southeast flank, east-northeast flank
2 January 10, 1966 – June 12, 1971 (1966-01-10 – 1971-06-12) Reported Northeast Crater, Central Crater, southeast flank
3 October 7, 1959 – December 31, 1964 (1959-10-07 – 1964-12-31) Reported Central Crater, Northeast Crater, north-northeast flank
1 March 23 – April 25, 1959 (1959-03-23 – 1959-04-25) Reported Central Crater
1 November 16, 1958 ± 15 days – December 16, 1958 ± 15 days Reported Central Crater, Northeast Crater
2 August 25, 1957 – May 3, 1958 (1957-08-25 – 1958-05-03) Reported Northeast Crater
2 February 5 – May 7, 1957 (1957-02-05 – 1957-05-07) Reported Northeast Crater
2 April 5, 1955 – April 7, 1956 (1955-04-05 – 1956-04-07) Reported Central Crater, Northeast Crater
2 December 2, 1949 – May 30, 1952 (1949-12-02 – 1952-05-30) Reported Central Crater, Northeast Crater, east flank, northwest flank
3 (?) January 29 – March 10, 1947 (1947-01-29 – 1947-03-10) Reported Central Crater, Northeast Crater, northeast flank
1 February – October 1946 Reported Northeast Crater
1 June 5 ± 4 days – October 1945 Reported Northeast Crater
2 October (?) 1941 – April 26, 1944 ± 4 days Reported Central Crater, Northeast Crater, southwest flank
3 July 7, 1935 (1935-07-07) – January 27 (?), 1941 Reported Central Crater, Northeast Crater
1 January 5 – March 1934 Reported Northeast Crater
2 July 26, 1931 ± 5 days – September 1933 Reported Central Crater, Northeast Crater
1 November 1, 1930 (1930-11-01) Reported Northeast Crater
1 August 2, 1929 (1929-08-02) Reported Northeast Crater
1 July 31 – November 20, 1928 (1928-07-31 – 1928-11-20) Reported Central Crater, Northeast Crater, east flank
1 January 2 – June 1926 Reported Northeast Crater
2 March 15, 1919 (1919-03-15) – February 1925 Reported Central Crater, Northeast Crater, northeast flank
2 March – December 1 (?), 1918 Reported Central Crater, Northeast Crater, north flank
2 June 24 – July 5, 1917 (1917-06-24 – 1917-07-05) ± 4 days Reported Central Crater, Northeast Crater
2 November 13, 1913 (1913-11-13) – March 1917 Reported Central Crater, Northeast Crater
3 August 1912 Reported Central Crater
2 August – September 26, 1911 ± 4 days Reported Central Crater, Northeast Crater (?), northeast flank
2 December 27, 1910 – February 17, 1911 (1910-12-27 – 1911-02-17) Reported Central Crater
2 February 21 – April 18, 1910 (1910-02-21 – 1910-04-18) Reported Central Crater, south flank
2 April 29, 1908 – September 28, 1909 (1908-04-29 – 1909-09-28) Reported Central Crater, southeast flank (Valle del Bove)
2 November 15, 1899 (1899-11-15) – August 1907 Reported
3 July 19 – August 5, 1899 (1899-07-19 – 1899-08-05) Reported Central Crater
1 April 26, 1893 (1893-04-26) – June 1898 Reported Central Crater
2 June 20 – December 29, 1892 (1892-06-20 – 1892-12-29) Reported Central Crater, south flank, Mount Silvestri
2 February 20 – December 1891 Reported Central Crater
2 May – October 17 (?), 1890 Reported Central Crater
2 April 13 (on or before), 1888 – August 1889 Reported Central Crater
1 May 31 – August 1887 Reported Central Crater
3 1884 – June 7, 1886 Reported Central Crater, south flank (Mount Gemmellaro)
3 December 23, 1878 (1878-12-23) – March 31 (on or before), 1883 Reported Central Crater, south-southwest flank, north-northeast flank, south flank (Mount Leone)
2 August 29–31, 1874 (1874-08-29 – 1874-08-31) Reported Central Crater, north flank
2 May 1874 Reported Central Crater
0 September 26, 1869 (1869-09-26) Reported East flank (west wall of Valle del Bove)
3 November 26 (?) – December 8, 1868 Reported Central Crater
2 January 30 – June 28, 1865 (1865-01-30 – 1865-06-28) Reported Northeast flank (Mount Sartorius)
2 August 5 ± 4 days – September 19, 1864 Reported Central Crater
3 (?) May 1, 1863 (1863-05-01) – July 25 (?), 1863 Reported Central Crater
2 August 20, 1852 – May 27, 1853 (1852-08-20 – 1853-05-27) Reported East flank (Valle del Bove)
2 November 17 – December 16 (?), 1843 Reported Central Crater, west flank
2 November 18 – December 29 (?), 1842 Reported Central Crater
2 July 8, 1838 (1838-07-08) – February 1839 Reported Central Crater
2 October 31 – November 22, 1832 (1832-10-31 – 1832-11-22) Reported South-southeast flank, west flank, Mount Nunziata
2 December (?) 1820 – 1833 Reported Central Crater
2 (?) May 27 – August 5, 1819 (1819-05-27 – 1819-08-05) Reported Central Crater, Valle del Bove
2 October 27, 1811 (1811-10-27) – May (?) 1812 Reported East flank (Valle del Bove)
2 March 27 – April 9, 1809 (1809-03-27 – 1809-04-09) Reported Central Crater, north flank, northeast flank
2 January 1, 1803 (1803-01-01) – 1819 (?) Reported Central Crater
2 November 15–18, 1802 (1802-11-15 – 1802-11-18) Reported Central Crater, east flank
3 (?) 1793 (?) – 1802 (?) Reported Central Crater
3 March 1792 – May 26, 1793 ± 5 days Reported Central Crater, west flank, southeast flank
2 February – September 1791 Reported Central Crater
4 June 4 ± 4 days – August 11, 1787 Reported Central Crater
2 March – May 10, 1781 (1781-05-10) Reported Central Crater
2 April 20 (?) – July (?) 1780 Reported Summit, south flank, south-southwest flank
? 1776 Reported Central Crater
? May 2, 1767 Reported Central Crater
2 April 27 – November 6, 1766 (1766-04-27 – 1766-11-06) Reported South flank (Mount Calcarazzi)
3 December 9, 1732 (1732-12-09) – 1765 Reported Central Crater, east flank (Valle del Bove), west flank (Mount Nuovo), south flank (Montagnola), northwest flank
2 (?) November 22, 1727 (1727-11-22) – May 10 (?), 1728 Reported Central Crater
1 March 8 – May 8, 1702 (1702-03-08 – 1702-05-08) Reported East flank (Valle del Bove)
3 (?) December 1693 – November (?) 1694 Reported Central Crater
1 March 14, 1689 (1689-03-14) Reported East flank (Valle del Bove)
1 1688 Reported Central Crater
2 September 1 – October (?), 1682 Reported East flank (Valle del Bove)
3 (?) March 11 – July 11 (?), 1669 Reported South flank (Monti Rossi)
1 January 1, 1654 (1654-01-01) – 1656 (?) Reported Central Crater
1 January 17, 1651 (1651-01-17) – July (?) 1653 Reported West flank, east flank
2 November 20, 1646 – January 17, 1647 (1646-11-20 – 1647-01-17) Reported North-northeast flank, Mount Nero
1 February 20–28, 1643 (1643-02-20 – 1643-02-28) Reported North flank, Monte Pomiciaro
1 December 19 (?), 1634 – April 27, 1638 (1638-04-27) Reported Southeast flank, Little Mount Pecorara
2 (?) July 1 (?), 1614 – 1624 Reported North-northeast flank, Monti Deserti
2 February 6 – August 15, 1610 (1610-02-06 – 1610-08-15) Reported Southwest flank
2 June 28, 1607 (1607-06-28) – 1608 (?) Reported Southwest flank
2 July 1603 – 1610 Reported Central Crater
? September 9 (?), 1579 – 1580 (?) Reported Southeast flank
2 November 1 (?) – December 1566 Reported Northeast flank
2 July (?) 1541 Reported
1 July 1540 Reported
2 March (?) – July 1537 Reported Summit, south flank
3 March 22 – December (?) 1536 Reported Summit, south flank, north flank, west flank
1 1493 (?) – 1500 (?) Reported
1 September 21, 1447 (1447-09-21) Reported
1 September 25, 1446 (1446-09-25) Reported East flank (Valle del Bove)
2 1444 Reported South flank (north of Mount Arso)
3 November 8–25 (?), 1408 Reported Summit, south flank (Mount Piniteddu)
2 August 5 (?), 1381 ± 1 days Reported South-southeast flank, Mount Pomiciari, Mount Arsi?
2 1350 Reported
2 1333 Reported
3 (?) June 28 – August 4, 1329 ± 4 days Reported Southeast flank
? 1284 – January (?) 1285 Reported East flank (Valle del Bove)
2 (?) 1250 Reported
? August (?) 1224 Reported Southeast flank
2 (?) 1194 Reported
2 (?) 1164 (?) Reported
2 (?) 1160 Reported
2 (?) 1157 Reported
? 1063 ± 1 years Reported
? 0417 (?) Reported
3 (?) February 1–9, 0252 (0252-02-01 – 0252-02-09) Reported South flank (Monpeloso)
? 0100 ± 100 years Tephrochronology FV tephra
? 0039 ± 1 years Reported
? 0010 (?) – 0020 (?) Reported

Eruptions Before the Common Era

Data obtained from the Global Volcanism Program website.[2]

VEI Date Evidence Activity area or unit
? December 31, 0032 BCE ± 365 days Reported
? July 15, 0036 BCE ± 45 days – 0035 BCE Reported East flank?
3 (?) March 0044 BCE (?) Reported FF tephra layer
? 0049 BCE Reported Summit and west flank?
5 0122 BCE Reported Summit (Cratere del Piano caldera) and south flank
? June 0126 BCE (on or before) Reported
? 0135 BCE Reported
? December 31, 0141 BCE ± 365 days Reported
? April 15, 0396 BCE (?) ± 45 days Reported Southeast flank (Monte Gorna)
? March 15, 0425 BCE ± 15 days – 0424 BCE (?) Reported South flank (Monte Arso)
? August 0479 BCE (?) – 0475 BCE (?) Reported South flank?
? 0695 BCE ± 2 years Reported South flank? Mount Mompilieri?
? 1050 BCE ± 75 years Radiocarbon dating South flank (Monte Salto del Cane)
? 1420 BCE ± 75 years Radiocarbon dating FL tephra layer
5 (?) 1500 BCE ± 50 years Reported
? 1980 BCE ± 50 years Radiocarbon dating FS tephra
? 2330 BCE ± 100 years Radiocarbon dating
? 3050 BCE ± 150 years Radiocarbon dating
? 3390 BCE ± 50 years Radiocarbon dating Tufo varicolori tephra
? 3510 BCE ± 150 years Radiocarbon dating
? 4150 BCE ± 150 years Radiocarbon dating
? 5150 BCE ± 150 years Radiocarbon dating
? 6190 BCE ± 200 years Radiocarbon dating

Discredited eruptions

Data obtained from the Global Volcanism Program website.[2]

Date
May 27, 1911
1640
July 1609
1595
1550
1535
1533
1470
1334
1321 – 1328
1222
1175
0604
0560
0500
0410
0400
0165
0072
0050
0350 BCE (?)
1470 BCE

Uncertain eruptions

Data obtained from the Global Volcanism Program website.[2]

Date Activity area
July 30, 1953 (1953-07-30)
September 6, 1857 (1857-09-06) Central Crater
March 6, 1816 (1816-03-06) Offshore from Aci-Castello
May 8, 1770 (1770-05-08) ± 1 days Central Crater
November 22, 1723 (1723-11-22) – May 1724 (?)
January 9, 1693 (1693-01-09)
February 21, 1633 (1633-02-21) Central Crater
1578
1554
February 4, 1169 (1169-02-04)
1044
0911
0859
0814
0812 (?) South flank (south of Mount Sona)
0644
0080 (?)
0010 BCE (?)
0056 BCE
0061 BCE
0565 BCE
0735 BCE

References

  1. ^ Global Volcanism Program: Etna, General Information.
  2. ^ a b c d e Global Volcanism Program: Etna, Eruptive History.

Sources

  • "Etna". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution.
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