List of Guanshan Biota species

This article lists the fauna of the Guanshan Biota.

The Guanshan Biota is a collection of organisms from Cambrian China within the Wulongqing Formation, dating to near the beginning of Cambrian Stage 4. It is distinguished by its shallow depositional environment and large quantities of brachiopods.[1]

Ecdysozoa

Scalidophora

Genus Species Material Notes Images
Guanduscolex
  • G. minor
 Several specimens Digestive tract preserved[2]
Palaeoscolex
  • P. xinglongensis
 Two incomplete specimens Also similar to Sahascolex[3]
Mafangscolex
  • M. cf. yunnanensis
 3 fragmentary specimens Unclear whether it belongs to this species due to lack of preserved mouthparts
Yunnanoscolex[4]
  • Y. magnus
 Around 50 specimens, most fragmentary Unusually large for palaeoscolecids
Wudingscolex[4]
  • W. sapushanensis
 Two specimens Similar to Yunnanoscolex
Paramaotianshania[4]
  • P. zijunia
 15 specimens, 3 with introverts preserved Differentiated from Maotianshania by hair-like protrusions and a larger size
Corynetis[4]
  • C. fortis
 Over 100 specimens, around 10 being well-preserved Has an unusual looped intestine
Xiaoheiqingella[5]
  • X. sp
 One specimen Likely a new species, however the lack of specimens means no name has been provided
Eximipriapulus?
  • ?E. sp
 Four specimens Specimens all found inside hyolith shells, suggesting a “hermiting” lifestyle for the genus.[6]

Panarthropoda

Genus Species Material Notes Images
Guanshancaris
  • G. kunmingensis
 Multiple frontal appendages and oral cones An amplectobeluid radiodont, formerly placed within Anomalocaris.[7]
Paranomalocaris
  • P. simplex[8]
  • P. multisegmentalis[9]
 Multiple frontal appendages Unusually similar to the frontal appendages of Kylinxia, possibly a relative
Astutuscaris[10]
  • A. bispinifer
 One mostly complete specimen Placement within Arthropoda uncertain, no limbs other than frontal appendages preserved
Hallucigenia
  • H. fortis
  • H. hongmeia[11]
  • H. sparsa
 Dozens of isolated sclerites, a few complete specimens[12] One of the most widely distributed lobopodians
Guangweicaris
  • G. spinatus
 Over 150 specimens[13] Most recent known fuxianhuiid
Leanchoilia Several specimens Also known from the Maotianshan Shales
Tuzoia[12]
  • T. sinensis
  • T. ?retifera
  • T. tylodensa
 Multiple carapaces Known from all around the world
Isoxys[12]
  • I. wudingensis
  • I. minor
 Multiple carapaces Wide distribution, one of the most common Cambrian arthropods globally
Longquania[14]
  • L. spinosa
 Several partial specimens Possibly within Trilobitomorpha
Branchiocaris Several specimens One of several species from China
Liangshanella[12]
  • L. liangshanensis
  • L. yunnanensis
 Multiple carapaces Also known from the Burgess Shale
Houlongdongella[12]
  • H. disulcata
 Multiple carapaces
Neokunmingella[12]
  • N. minuta
 Multiple carapaces
Waptia[12]
  • W. sp
 Several partial specimens Mainly known from the Burgess Shale
Parapeytoia[12]
  • P. sp
 Several appendages Originally classed as a radiodont

Artiopoda

Genus Species Material Notes Images
Sinoburius[12]
  • S. sp
 Well-preserved specimens Mainly known from the Maotianshan Shales
Panlongia
  • P. tetranodusa
 Multiple specimens Assigned to Nektaspida in 2024[15]
Redlichia[12]
  • R. mansuyi
  • R. yunnanensis
  • R. noetlingi
  • R. mai
  • R. chinensis
  • R. kaiyangensis
 Hundreds of fossils Most diverse genus in the Guanshan Biota, R. mansuyi specimens preserve gut structures[16]
Palaeolenus
  • P. lantenoisi
  • P. douvillei
 Hundreds of fossils Multiple specimens preserve gut structures[16]
Megapalaeolenus
  • M. deprati
 Eight specimens Merged into Palaeolenus multiple times[17]
Yuehsienszella[12]
  • Y. szechuanensis
 Multiple specimens Found in various other formations in Asia[18]
Kootenia[12]
  • K. sp
 Mainly known from the Burgess Shale
Breviredlichia[19]
  • B. sp
 Multiple specimens Has very large genal spines
Naraoiidae indet.[20] Unapplicable 3 specimens Similar to both naraoiids and Emucaris
Sidneyidae indet.[21] Unapplicable One nearly complete specimen Differing tail fan and tergite shapes distinguish it from Sidneyia
Bailongia[22]
  • B. longicaudata
 One complete specimen Unclear position within Artiopoda

Spiralia

Genus Species Material Notes Images
Bryozoa indet?[23] Unapplicable One specimen Possible bryozoan, earliest record of such if it is one.
Gaoloufangchaeta[24]
  • G. bifurcus
 One mostly complete specimen Earliest member of Errantia known[25]
Guanshanchaeta[26]
  • G. felicia
 One specimen First annelid from Cambrian China found

Brachiopoda

Genus Species Material Notes Images
Linevitus
  • L. malongensis
 Several specimens Some specimens preserve helens[12]
Heliomedusa
  • H. minuta
 Several specimens Soft tissues such as the lophophore are preserved.[12]
Diandongia
  • D. pista
 Over 200 specimens Likely epifaunal due to its very long pedicle.[27]
Acanthotretella
  • A. decaius
 Around 15 specimens Likely epifaunal similar to Diandongia above.[28]
Eoobolus
  • E. malongensis
 Around 700 specimens Formerly placed within Lingulellotreta[29]
Nisusia
  • N. sp
 6 specimens[1] A very rare calcareous brachiopod
Kutorgina
  • K. sp
 8 specimens[1] A very rare calcareous brachiopod
Neobolus
  • N. wulongqingensis
 Thousands of specimens Some fossils preserve unusual tubes, which are likely parasites[30]
Westonia
  • W. sp
 Over 500 specimens[1] Most common in the higher assemblages of the biota
Linnarssonia
  • L. sp
 Around 60 specimens[1] Rarest non-calcareous brachiopod in the Guanshan Biota
Schizopholis[19]
  • S. sp
 Multiple specimens
Palaeobolus[19]
  • P. sp
 Multiple specimens Closely related to lingulids
Acrothele
  • A. rara
 Multiple specimens

Deuterostomia

Genus Species Material Notes Images
Vetulicola
  • V. gangtoucunensis
  • V. longbaoshanensis
 Hundreds of specimens The two recorded species may be synonymous with each other.[12]
Wudingeocrinus[31]
  • W. rarus
 Several specimens Similar to a genus from the Balang fauna
Kunmingeocrinus[31]
  • K. cupuliformis
 Two specimens Possibly weakly biomineralised
Phlogites[12]
  • P. sp
 Several specimens Possibly synonymous with Cheungkongella?
Eldonioidea indet.[20] Unapplicable Over 30 specimens Possibly within Rotadiscidae

Enigmatic/Miscellaneous

Genus Species Material Notes Images
Dinomischidae indet?[23] Unapplicable One specimen Closely resembles Xianguangia, may instead be a cnidarian
Allonnia[12] Hundreds of specimens Member of Chancelloriidae, possibly sponge relatives?
Sinoflabrum[12]
  • S. antiquum
 Several specimens Similar to both Ediacaran biota and sponges
Guangweia[33]
  • G. cheni
 30 specimens, 10 well-preserved Similar in form to the Ediacaran biota
Nidelric[32]
  • N. gaoloufangensis
 Multiple spines An enigmatic animal, possibly related to the chancelloriids

Porifera

Genus Species Material Notes Images
Crumillospongia[12]
  • C. biporosa
 Several specimens Known from multiple sites around the world.
Choia[12]
  • C. sp.
 Several specimens Known from multiple sites such as the Burgess Shale.
Paraleptomitella[12]
  • P. sp.
 Many specimens The most common sponge in the Guanshan Biota.
Archaeocyatha indet? Unapplicable Two specimens Unusually similar to vauxiid sponges, suggesting a relationship between the two[34]

Cnidaria

Genus Species Material Notes Images
Sphenothallus[12]
  • S. sp.
 Many specimens Possibly a conulariid.
Gangtoucunia
  • G. aspera
 Around 80 specimens Identified as a cnidarian in 2022.[35]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Chen, Feiyang; Brock, Glenn A.; Zhang, Zhiliang; Laing, Brittany; Ren, Xinyi; Zhang, Zhifei (January 2021). "Brachiopod-dominated communities and depositional environment of the Guanshan Konservat-Lagerstätte, eastern Yunnan, China". Journal of the Geological Society. 178 (1). Bibcode:2021JGSoc.178...43C. doi:10.1144/jgs2020-043.
  2. ^ Shixue, Hu; Yong, Li; Huilin, Luo; Xiaoping, Fu; Ting, You; Jiyuan, Pang; Qi, Liu; Steiner, Michael (April 2008). "New Record of Palaeoscolecids from the Early Cambrian of Yunnan, China". Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 82 (2): 244–248. Bibcode:2008AcGlS..82..244H. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2008.tb00574.x.
  3. ^ Liu, Jianni; Han, Jian; Li, Jinshu; Wu, Yichen; Peng, Jie; Qi, Nan; Yang, Yiyao; Li, Juan (December 2016). "New Localities and Palaeoscolecid Worms from the Cambrian (Stage 4, Series 2) Guanshan Biota in Kunming, Yunnan, South China". Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 90 (6): 1939–1945. Bibcode:2016AcGlS..90.1939L. doi:10.1111/1755-6724.13013.
  4. ^ a b c d Hu, S.; Steiner, M.; Zhu, M.; Luo, H.; Forchielli, A.; Keupp, H.; Zhao, F; Liu, Q. (29 February 2012). "A new priapulid assemblage from the early Cambrian Guanshan fossil Lagerstätte of SW China". Bulletin of Geosciences: 93–106. doi:10.3140/bull.geosci.1238.
  5. ^ Hu, Shi-Xue; Zhu, Mao-Yan; Zhao, Fang-Chen; Steiner, Michael (November 2017). "A crown group priapulid from the early Cambrian Guanshan Lagerstätte". Geological Magazine. 154 (6): 1329–1333. Bibcode:2017GeoM..154.1329H. doi:10.1017/S001675681700019X.
  6. ^ Yang, Xiao-yu; Smith, Martin R.; Yang, Jie; Li, Wei; Guo, Qing-hao; Li, Chun-li; Wang, Yu; Zhang, Xi-guang (November 2021). "A 'hermit' shell-dwelling lifestyle in a Cambrian priapulan worm". Current Biology. 31 (21): R1420 – R1421. Bibcode:2021CBio...31R1420Y. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2021.10.003. PMID 34752764.
  7. ^ Zhang, Mingjing; Wu, Yu; Lin, Weiliang; Ma, Jiaxin; Wu, Yuheng; Fu, Dongjing (11 April 2023). "Amplectobeluid Radiodont Guanshancaris gen. nov. from the Lower Cambrian (Stage 4) Guanshan Lagerstätte of South China: Biostratigraphic and Paleobiogeographic Implications". Biology. 12 (4): 583. doi:10.3390/biology12040583. PMC 10136193. PMID 37106783.
  8. ^ Jiao, De-guang; Pates, Stephen; Lerosey-Aubril, Rudy; Ortega-Hernandez, Javier; Yang, Jie; Lan, Tian; Zhang, Xi-guang (2021). "The endemic radiodonts of the Cambrian Stage 4 Guanshan biota of South China". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 66. doi:10.4202/app.00870.2020.
  9. ^ Wang, YuanYuan; Huang, DiYing; Hu, ShiXue (November 2013). "New anomalocardid frontal appendages from the Guanshan biota, eastern Yunnan". Chinese Science Bulletin. 58 (32): 3937–3942. Bibcode:2013ChSBu..58.3937W. doi:10.1007/s11434-013-5908-x.
  10. ^ Jiao, De guang; Du, Kunsheng (2022). "A new euarthropod from the Cambrian Stage 4 Guanshan Biota of South China" (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 67. doi:10.4202/app.00937.2021.
  11. ^ Steiner, M.; Hu, S.X.; Liu, J.; Keupp, H. (29 February 2012). "A new species of Hallucigenia from the Cambrian Stage 4 Wulongqing Formation of Yunnan (South China) and the structure of sclerites in lobopodians". Bulletin of Geosciences: 107–124. doi:10.3140/bull.geosci.1280.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x Hu, ShiXue; Zhu, MaoYan; Steiner, Michael; Luo, HuiLin; Zhao, FangChen; Liu, Qi (December 2010). "Biodiversity and taphonomy of the Early Cambrian Guanshan biota, eastern Yunnan". Science China Earth Sciences. 53 (12): 1765–1773. Bibcode:2010ScChD..53.1765H. doi:10.1007/s11430-010-4086-9.
  13. ^ Chen, Hong; Legg, David; Liu, Yu; Hou, Xian-guang (2020). "New data on the anatomy of fuxianhuiid arthropod Guangweicaris spinatus from the lower Cambrian Guanshan Biota, Yunnan, China". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 65. doi:10.4202/app.00508.2018.
  14. ^ Zhu, Yuyan; Zeng, Han; Liu, Yao; Zhao, Fangchen (2023). "New artiopodan euarthropods from the Chengjiang fauna (Cambrian Stage 3) at Malong, Yunnan, China". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 68. doi:10.4202/app.01080.2023.
  15. ^ Luo, Shengxiang; Liu, Jianni (February 2024). "Exceptionally preserved Panlongia tetranodusa from the early Cambrian sheds light on the evolution of arthropods". Science Bulletin. 69 (3): 308–313. Bibcode:2024SciBu..69..308L. doi:10.1016/j.scib.2023.11.043. PMID 38057233.
  16. ^ a b Hopkins, Melanie J.; Chen, Feiyang; Hu, Shixue; Zhang, Zhifei (21 September 2017). "The oldest known digestive system consisting of both paired digestive glands and a crop from exceptionally preserved trilobites of the Guanshan Biota (Early Cambrian, China)". PLOS ONE. 12 (9): e0184982. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1284982H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0184982. PMC 5608306. PMID 28934290.
  17. ^ Zhao, Wenyu; Liu, Jianni; Bicknell, Russell (2020). "Geometric morphometric assessment of Guanshan trilobites (Yunnan Province, China) reveals a limited diversity of palaeolenid taxa". Palaeontologia Electronica. doi:10.26879/1062.
  18. ^ Singh, Birendra P.; Virmani, Nancy; Bhargava, O.N.; Kishore, Naval; Gill, Aman (June 2014). "Yuehsienszella (Cambrian Series 2) Trilobite From the Parahio Valley, Spiti Region (Zanskar-Spiti Sub-Basin), India and Its Biostratigraphic Significance". Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India. 59 (1): 81–88. Bibcode:2014JPalS..59...81S. doi:10.1177/0971102320140107.
  19. ^ a b c Chen, Feiyang; Zhang, Zhifei; Betts, Marissa J.; Zhang, Zhiliang; Liu, Fan (July 2019). "First report on Guanshan Biota (Cambrian Stage 4) at the stratotype area of Wulongqing Formation in Malong County, Eastern Yunnan, China". Geoscience Frontiers. 10 (4): 1459–1476. Bibcode:2019GeoFr..10.1459C. doi:10.1016/j.gsf.2018.09.010.
  20. ^ a b Zhao, Jun; Li, Yujing; Selden, Paul A.; Cong, Peiyun (2 July 2020). "New occurrence of the Guanshan Lagerstätte (Cambrian Series 2, Stage 4) in the Kunming area, Yunnan, southwest China, with records of new taxa". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 44 (3): 343–355. Bibcode:2020Alch...44..343Z. doi:10.1080/03115518.2020.1781257.
  21. ^ Zhao, Jun; Li, Yujing; Selden, Paul A.; Cong, Peiyun; Yang, Zhixin (1 July 2022). "A Sidneyia-Like Euarthropod from the Guanshan Biota (Cambrian Series 2, Stage 4), Eastern Yunnan, Southwest China". Paleontological Research. 26 (3): 47. Bibcode:2022PalRe..26.0047Z. doi:10.2517/PR200047.
  22. ^ Jiao, De-Guang; Du, Kun-Sheng; Zhang, Xi-Guang; Yang, Jie; Eggink, Daniel (May 2022). "A new small soft-bodied non-trilobite artiopod from the Cambrian Stage 4 Guanshan Biota". Geological Magazine. 159 (5): 730–734. Bibcode:2022GeoM..159..730J. doi:10.1017/S0016756821001254.
  23. ^ a b Zhao, Jun; Li, Yujing; Selden, Paul A. (31 March 2023). "Two new metazoans from the Cambrian Guanshan biota of China". Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 11. doi:10.3389/fevo.2023.1160530.
  24. ^ Zhao, Jun; Li, Yujing; Selden, Paul A. (26 April 2023). "A new primitive polychaete with eyes from the lower Cambrian Guanshan biota of Yunnan Province, China". Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 11. doi:10.3389/fevo.2023.1128070.
  25. ^ Yang, Xiaoyu; Aguado, M. Teresa; Helm, Conrad; Zhang, Zhiqian; Bleidorn, Christoph (April 2024). "New fossil of Gaoloufangchaeta advances the origin of Errantia (Annelida) to the early Cambrian". Royal Society Open Science. 11 (4). Bibcode:2024RSOS...1131580Y. doi:10.1098/rsos.231580. PMC 11004674. PMID 38601033.
  26. ^ Liu, Jianni; Ou, Qiang; Han, Jian; Li, Jinshu; Wu, Yichen; Jiao, Guoxiang; He, Tongjiang (June 2015). "Lower Cambrian polychaete from China sheds light on early annelid evolution". The Science of Nature. 102 (5–6): 34. Bibcode:2015SciNa.102...34L. doi:10.1007/s00114-015-1285-4. PMC 4446521. PMID 26017277.
  27. ^ Zhifei, Zhang; Jian, Han; Xingliang, Zhang; Jianni, Liu; Degan, Shu (September 2003). "Pediculate Brachiopod Diandongia pista from the Lower Cambrian of South China". Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 77 (3): 288–293. Bibcode:2003AcGlS..77..288Z. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2003.tb00743.x.
  28. ^ Hu, Shixue; Zhang, Zhifei; Holmer, Lars E.; Skovsted, Christian B. (September 2010). "Soft-Part Preservation in a Linguliform Brachiopod from the Lower Cambrian Wulongqing Formation (Guanshan Fauna) of Yunnan, South China". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 55 (3): 495–505. doi:10.4202/app.2009.1106.
  29. ^ Zhang, Zhifei; Holmer, Lars E.; Liang, Yue; Chen, Yanlong; Duan, Xiaolin (2 June 2020). "The oldest ' Lingulellotreta ' (Lingulata, Brachiopoda) from China and its phylogenetic significance: integrating new material from the Cambrian Stage 3–4 Lagerstätten in eastern Yunnan, South China". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 18 (11): 945–973. Bibcode:2020JSPal..18..945Z. doi:10.1080/14772019.2019.1698669.
  30. ^ Zhang, Zhifei; Strotz, Luke C.; Topper, Timothy P.; Chen, Feiyang; Chen, Yanlong; Liang, Yue; Zhang, Zhiliang; Skovsted, Christian B.; Brock, Glenn A. (2 June 2020). "An encrusting kleptoparasite-host interaction from the early Cambrian". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 2625. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.2625Z. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-16332-3. PMC 7266813. PMID 32488075.
  31. ^ a b Zhao, Jun; Guo, Jin; Selden, Paul A.; Cong, Pei-Yun; Li, Yu-Jing (June 2022). "A new eocrinoid from the Guanshan Biota (Cambrian Series 2, Stage 4), with implication of the development of different attachment modes in early Cambrian". Palaeoworld. 31 (2): 185–193. doi:10.1016/j.palwor.2021.08.001.
  32. ^ a b Zhao, Jun; Li, Guo-Biao; Selden, Paul A. (November 2018). "New well-preserved scleritomes of Chancelloriida from early Cambrian Guanshan Biota, eastern Yunnan, China". Journal of Paleontology. 92 (6): 955–971. Bibcode:2018JPal...92..955Z. doi:10.1017/jpa.2018.43.
  33. ^ Hu, Shixue; Zhao, Fangchen; Liu, Alexander G.; Zhu, Maoyan (3 March 2023). "A new Cambrian frondose organism: 'Ediacaran survivor' or convergent evolution?". Journal of the Geological Society. 180 (2). Bibcode:2023JGSoc.180...88H. doi:10.1144/jgs2022-088.
  34. ^ Luo, Cui; Yang, Aihua; Zhuravlev, Andrey Yu.; Reitner, Joachim (December 2021). "Vauxiids as descendants of archaeocyaths: a hypothesis". Lethaia. 54 (5): 700–710. Bibcode:2021Letha..54..700L. doi:10.1111/let.12433.
  35. ^ Zhang, Guangxu; Parry, Luke A.; Vinther, Jakob; Ma, Xiaoya (9 November 2022). "Exceptional soft tissue preservation reveals a cnidarian affinity for a Cambrian phosphatic tubicolous enigma". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 289 (1986). doi:10.1098/rspb.2022.1623. PMC 9627713. PMID 36321492.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.