List of German Nobel laureates

From the Nobel Prize's establishment in 1901 until 1956, Germany had the highest number of Nobel laureates in the world.[1] Today, Germany is the nation with the 3rd most Nobel Prize winners: 2nd most in the category of physics, 3rd most in chemistry[2] and physiology or medicine,[3] and 4th most in literature. Overall, there are 115 German Nobel Prize laureates.

Nobel Peace Prize

Name Year Lifespan Achievements Image
Gustav Stresemann 1926 1878–1929 Reconciliation with France to ensure peace in Europe
Ludwig Quidde 1928 1858–1941 Organization of peace conferences
Carl von Ossietzky 1935 1889–1938 Commitment against German militarism as editor of Weltbühne
Albert Schweitzer 1952 1875–1965 Work against the nuclear armament
Willy Brandt 1971 1913–1992 Ostpolitik
Henry Kissinger 1973 1923–2023 Negotiation of a ceasefire in the Vietnam War

Nobel Prize in Literature

Name Year Lifespan Achievements Image
Theodor Mommsen 1902 1817–1903 The History of Rome
Rudolf Eucken 1908 1846–1926 "for serious seeking after truth, penetrating thought, breadth and warmth of presentation, with which he has represented and developed an ideal worldview in numerous works"
Paul Heyse 1910 1830–1914 his fictional works
Gerhart Hauptmann 1912 1862–1946 "for his fruitful and versatile work in the realm of dramatic poetry"
Thomas Mann 1929 1875–1955 Buddenbrooks
Hermann Hesse 1946 1877–1962 "for his work imbued with profound immersion that developed ever more boldly and incisively, revealing the ideals of classical humanism along with a high artistic style"
Nelly Sachs 1966 1891–1970 "for her outstanding lyrical and dramatic works that interpret the fate of Israel with moving strength"
Heinrich Böll 1972 1917–1985 Complete works
Günter Grass 1999 1927–2015 Life's work
Herta Müller 2009 * 1953 Complete works

Nobel Prize in Chemistry

Name Year Lifespan Achievements Image
Emil Fischer 1902 1852–1919 Research on sugar and purine groups
Adolf von Baeyer 1905 1835–1917 Work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds
Eduard Buchner 1907 1860–1917 Discovery of cell-free fermentation
Wilhelm Ostwald 1909 1853–1932 Work on Catalysis
Otto Wallach 1910 1847–1931 Research in the field of cyclic hydrocarbons
Richard Willstätter 1915 1872–1942 Research on chlorophyll
Fritz Haber 1918 1868–1934 Development of a process for producing Ammonia
Walther Nernst 1920 1864–1941 Research on Thermochemistry
Heinrich Otto Wieland 1927 1877–1957 Research on Bile Acids
Adolf Windaus 1928 1876–1959 "for merits regarding the research on the structure of sterines and their relationship with vitamins"
Hans von Euler-Chelpin 1929 1873–1964 "for research on sugar fermentation and the contribution of enzymes to this process"
Hans Fischer 1930 1881–1945 Hemin synthesis
Friedrich Bergius 1931 1884–1949 "for contributions to the discovery and development of chemical high-pressure processes"
Carl Bosch 1931 1874–1940 Development of chemical high-pressure processes
Richard Kuhn 1938 1900–1967 "for his work on carotenoids and vitamins"
Adolf Butenandt 1939 1903–1995 Research on Steroid Hormones
Otto Hahn 1944 1879–1968 "for his discovery of the fission of heavy atomic nuclei"
Otto Diels 1950 1876–1954 Discovery of the Diels-Alder Reaction
Kurt Alder 1950 1902–1958 Discovery of the Diels-Alder Reaction
Hermann Staudinger 1953 1881–1965 Founding of Polymer Chemistry
Karl Ziegler 1963 1898–1973 Discoveries in the field of Polymers
Manfred Eigen 1967 1927–2019 Measurement of the rates of fast chemical reactions
Gerhard Herzberg 1971 1904–1999 "for his contributions to the knowledge of the electronic structure and geometry of molecules, especially free radicals"
Ernst Otto Fischer 1973 1917–2007 Research on organometallic sandwich complexes
Georg Wittig 1979 1897–1987 Wittig Reaction
Johann Deisenhofer 1988 * 1943 "for the investigation of the three-dimensional structure of the reaction center of Photosynthesis in a purple bacterium"
Robert Huber 1988 * 1937 "for the investigation of the three-dimensional structure of the reaction center of Photosynthesis in a purple bacterium"
Hartmut Michel 1988 * 1948 "for the investigation of the three-dimensional structure of the reaction center of Photosynthesis in a purple bacterium"
Gerhard Ertl 2007 * 1936 "for studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces"
Stefan Hell 2014 * 1962 "for the development of super-resolution fluorescence microscopy"
Joachim Frank 2017 * 1940 "for the development of Cryo-Electron Microscopy for high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules"
Benjamin List 2021 * 1968 "for the development of asymmetric organocatalysis to accelerate chemical reactions"

Nobel Prize in Physics

Name Year Lifespan Achievements Image
Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen 1901 1845–1923 Discovery of X-Rays
Philipp Lenard 1905 1862–1947 Research in solid state and atomic physics
Ferdinand Braun 1909 1850–1918 Contribution to the development of wireless Telegraphy
Wilhelm Wien 1911 1864–1928 Research on Thermal Radiation
Max von Laue 1914 1879–1960 Diffraction of X-rays by crystals
Max Planck 1918 1858–1947 Discovery of the Planck constant
Johannes Stark 1919 1874–1957 Discovery of the optical Doppler Effect and the Stark Effect
Albert Einstein 1921 1879–1955 "for his contributions to theoretical physics, especially for his discovery of the law of the Photoelectric Effect"
James Franck 1925 1882–1964 Confirmation of the Bohr Atom Model
Gustav Hertz 1925 1887–1975 Confirmation of the Bohr Atom Model
Werner Heisenberg 1932 1901–1976 Founding of Quantum Mechanics
Max Born 1954 1882–1970 Fundamental research in quantum mechanics
Walther Bothe 1954 1891–1957 Development of the Coincidence Method
Rudolf Mößbauer 1961 1929–2011 Discovery of the Mößbauer Effect
J. Hans D. Jensen 1963 1907–1973 Development of the Shell Model of atomic nuclei
Maria Goeppert-Mayer 1963 1906–1972 Development of the Shell Model of atomic nuclei
Klaus von Klitzing 1985 * 1943 Discovery of the Quantized Hall Effect
Gerd Binnig 1986 * 1947 Development of the Scanning Tunneling Microscope
Ernst Ruska 1986 1906–1988 Invention of the Electron Microscope
Johannes Georg Bednorz 1987 * 1950 Discovery of ceramic High-Temperature Superconductors
Wolfgang Paul 1989 1913–1993 Development of the ion trap (Paul Trap)
Hans Georg Dehmelt 1989 1922–2017 Development of the Ion Trap
Horst Ludwig Störmer 1998 * 1949 "for the discovery of a new type of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations"
Herbert Kroemer 2000 1928–2024 Development of semiconductor heterostructures for high-speed and optoelectronics
Wolfgang Ketterle 2001 * 1957 Generation of the Bose-Einstein Condensate
Theodor W. Hänsch 2005 * 1941 Development of the Frequency Comb in connection with his other achievements
Peter Grünberg 2007 1939–2018 "for the discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR)"
Reinhard Genzel 2020 * 1952 "for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the center of our galaxy"
Klaus Hasselmann 2021 * 1931 "for groundbreaking contributions to the understanding of complex physical systems", specifically
  • "for discovering how the interplay of disorder and fluctuations determines physical systems from the atomic to the planetary level."

Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

Name Year Lifespan Achievements Image
Emil Behring 1901 1854–1907 Work on serum therapy
Robert Koch 1905 1843–1910 Discovery of the pathogens of anthrax, tuberculosis, and cholera
Paul Ehrlich 1908 1854–1915 Foundation of immunology
Albrecht Kossel 1910 1853–1927 "in recognition of his contributions to the knowledge of cell chemistry through his work on proteins, including the nuclear substances"
Otto Fritz Meyerhof 1922 1884–1951 Research on metabolism in muscle
Otto Heinrich Warburg 1931 1883–1970 Research on respiratory ferment
Hans Spemann 1935 1869–1941 Discovery of the organizer effect and artificial cloning of organisms with Hilde Mangold
Otto Loewi 1936 1873–1961 "for discoveries in the chemical transmission of nerve impulses"
Gerhard Domagk 1939 1895–1964 Discovery of the antibacterial effects of the sulfonamide Prontosil
Ernst Boris Chain 1945 1906–1979 Discovery of Penicillin
Hans Adolf Krebs 1953 1900–1981 Discovery of the Citric Acid Cycle
Werner Forßmann 1956 1904–1979 "for discoveries on cardiac catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system"
Feodor Lynen 1964 1911–1979 Research on the regulation of cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism
Konrad Bloch 1964 1912–2000 Research on the regulation of cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism
Max Delbrück 1969 1906–1981 Foundation of modern molecular biology and genetics
Bernard Katz 1970 1911–2003 Work on the quantized form of synaptic transmission
Karl von Frisch 1973 1886–1982 "discoveries regarding the organization and triggering of individual and social behavior patterns"
Georges J. F. Köhler 1984 1946–1995 Research on the immune system and monoclonal antibodies
Erwin Neher 1991 * 1944 Discoveries on the function of individual ion channels in cells
Bert Sakmann 1991 * 1942 "for the development of a method for the direct detection of ion channels in cell membranes for the study of signal transmission within and between cells"
Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard 1995 * 1942 Research on the genetic control of early embryonic development
Günter Blobel 1999 1936–2018 "for the discovery of signals embedded in proteins that control their transport and localization within the cell"
Harald zur Hausen 2008 1936–2023 Research on human papillomavirus
Thomas Südhof 2013 * 1955 Research on the transport system of cells

Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel

Name Year Life Dates Distinguished Contributions Image
Reinhard Selten 1994 1930–2016 Research on game theory

References

  1. ^ Schmidhuber, Jürgen (14 September 2010). "Evolution of National Nobel Prize Shares in the 20th Century". IDSIA. Archived from the original on 30 March 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
  2. ^ https://www.statista.com/statistics/262895/nobel-prize-laureates-for-chemistry-by-nationality-since-1901/
  3. ^ https://www.statista.com/statistics/262896/nobel-prize-laureates-in-medicine-by-nationality/
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