Kunai-kyō

Kunai-kyō (宮内卿; 1185 - 1204?) was a 13th century Japanese poet, painter, and lady-in-waiting to Emperor Go-Toba. A prominent poet during the Kamakura period, she is considered one of the Thirty-Six Female Immortals of Poetry.[1][2][3] Along with Princess Shikishi and Shunzei's daughter, she is recognized as one of the greatest women poets of the 13th century.[4] Her career as a poet-prodigy lasted from approximately 1200 to 1204; she is thought to have died in 1204 or 1205.[4]

Among other uta-awase, she competed in the Poetry Match in 1500 Rounds convened by Go-Toba in the palace in 1201, where 30 poets were commissioned to write hundred-poem sequences. As a fourteen or fifteen year old, Kunaikyō, alongside Shunzei's daughter and Fujiwara no Teika (who also served as one of the ten judges), competed in this event which was second in Go-Toba's literary events only next to the Shin Kokin Wakashū, compiled in the same year.[5]

She was the daughter of Minamoto no Moromitsu and his wife (personal name Aki), the daughter of the painter Kose Munemochi, and the sister of Minamoto no Tomochika, who was himself recognized as one of the New Thirty-Six Immortals of Poetry.[6][7] Her father was a descendant of Emperor Murakami through Minister of the Left Toshifusa.[8] Her mother had been a lady-in-waiting to retired Emperor Go-Shirakawa and was a famous koto player.[4][6]

Kunaikyō was recognized as an extraordinarily diligent and hard-working poet; in the Mumyōshō by the later poem Kamo no Chōmei, Kunaikyō surrounded herself with books and scrolls from beginning to end and worked on her poems day and night until her father warned her that it would be deleterious to her health.[9] It was believed that her death was a result of her great exertion and she was greatly admired and lamented by the poet Jakuren.[10] The Sasamegoto, a poetic treatise by the 15th century poet Shinkei, stated that her poetic labours were so exhausting that she spat blood.[6] Unlike Shunzei's daughter who lived to be in her 80s, Kunaikyō was said to have been less than 20 years old when she died.[6]

Poetry

One poems she wrote for the hundred-poem sequence was recorded in the Masukagami.[8]

References

  1. ^ Mizukaki, Hisashi. "女房三十六歌仙". www.asahi-net.or.jp (in Japanese). Retrieved 2018-09-12.
  2. ^ Mizukaki, Hisashi. "宮内卿(後鳥羽院宮内卿) 千人万首". www.asahi-net.or.jp (in Japanese). Retrieved 2018-09-12.
  3. ^ Rie Horii "Miyauchiro Kazuno Annotation Declaration - From" Mizunase Koiko Five Vocal Songs "" "Literary Study for Japanese Literature Women" 17, 33 - 49 September 30, 2004 Kazama Shobo
  4. ^ a b c Hosoda, Eishi (1991). Thirty Six Immortal Women Poets. WW Norton. pp. 154, 170. ISBN 978-0-8076-1256-9.
  5. ^ Miner, Earl; Morrell, Robert E.; Odagiri, Hiroko (2020-09-01). The Princeton Companion to Classical Japanese Literature. Princeton University Press. p. 228. ISBN 978-0-691-21838-0.
  6. ^ a b c d Murmured Conversations: A Treatise on Poetry and Buddhism by the Poet-Monk Shinkei. Stanford University Press. 2008-04-16. pp. 345–346. ISBN 978-0-8047-7939-5.
  7. ^ Huey, Robert N. (2020-03-23). The Making of Shinkokinshū. BRILL. p. 65. ISBN 978-1-68417-365-5.
  8. ^ a b McCullough, Helen Craig (1990). Classical Japanese Prose: An Anthology. Stanford University Press. pp. 453–454. ISBN 978-0-8047-1960-5.
  9. ^ Addiss, Stephen; Groemer, Gerald; Rimer, J. Thomas (2006-01-31). Traditional Japanese Arts and Culture: An Illustrated Sourcebook. University of Hawaii Press. p. 99. ISBN 978-0-8248-2018-3.
  10. ^ Pandey, Rajyashree (2020-06-01). Writing and Renunciation in Medieval Japan: The Works of the Poet-Priest Kamo no Chomei. University of Michigan Press. pp. 102–103. ISBN 978-0-472-90189-0.
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