Zale'n-gam
The demand for a Kuki State has been spearheaded by the Kuki State Demand Committee in Manipur, India, since 2010.[1] Various names for the proposed state have been mentioned, such as Zale'n-gam (or Zalengam, the "land of freedom"),[2] Zogam ("Zo or Zomi homeland"), and Kukiland.[3][4]
Name
Zale'n-gam was first proposed by PS Haokip in his book by same name published in 1988. The book has caused discomfort and often increased the rivalry with other communities living in Manipur especially the Nagas with whom Kuki had contested territories and historical rivalry. In the wake of the 2023 Manipur violence between the Meiteis and the Kukis in Manipur, the book gain attention leading to NCSN-IM to issue statement against the claims mentioned in the book.[5]
Territory and people
The territorial claims of Zale'n-gam encompass a historical region consisting of the territories traditionally inhabited by the Kukis, but which never have had their own state,[6] including:
- In India: Parts of Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland and the Karbi Anglong District of Assam.
- In Burma: The Kabaw Valley and parts of Sagaing Division and Chin State.
- In Bangladesh: The Chittagong Hill Tracts
There is also a proposal to create two subdivisions of the proposed state: 'Eastern Zalengam' and 'Western Zalengam', the former within Burma and the latter in India.[2]
See also
References
- ^ Haokip, Autonomy Demands in the Hill Areas of Manipur (2016).
- ^ a b "Kuki National Army, Manipur". www.satp.org. Retrieved 2021-01-20.
- ^ Gorkhaland deal spurs self-rule demand in NE, The Hindustan Times, 21 June 2011. ProQuest 878537436
- ^ Das, Politics of 'Belonging' Among Zomi–Chin-Kuki People (2021), p. 234.
- ^ THE MYTH OF ZALENGAM (KUKILAND) IN NAGA ANCESTRAL LAND: NSCN-IM, Nagalim Voice, July–August 2023. via Mokokchung Times.
- ^ "The Kuki Zale'n-gam". Archived from the original on 2014-10-06. Retrieved 2014-09-29.
Bibliography
- Arora, Vibha; Kipgen, Ngamjahao (2017), "Demand for Kukiland and Kuki ethnic nationalism", in Vibha Arora; N. Jayaram (eds.), Democratisation in the Himalayas: Interests, Conflicts, and Negotiations, Taylor & Francis, pp. 161–185, ISBN 9781351997997
- Das, N. K. (2021), "Indigeneity, Cultural Memory, and Hybrid Identity: Politics of 'Belonging' Among Zomi–Chin-Kuki People of India–Myanmar Borderlands", in A. K. Giri (ed.), Cross-Fertilizing Roots and Routes, Springer, pp. 217–242, doi:10.1007/978-981-15-7118-3_13
- Haokip, Seikhogin (2016), "Autonomy Demands in the Hill Areas of Manipur: Issues and Challenges" (PDF), Journal of North East India Studies, 6 (2): 28–50, ISSN 2277-6869
- Kipgen, Nehkholun (2012), "Why not Kukiland for Kukis", in Thongkholal Haokip (ed.), The Kukis of Northeast India: Politics and Culture, Bookwell, pp. 107–, ISBN 9789380574448