Kugeze Mlande
Land of Forefathers Kugeze Mlande | |
|---|---|
| Registered | 1991 |
| Dissolved | 1995 |
| Newspaper | Eryk (Freedom)[1] |
| Membership (1995) | 20 |
| Ideology | Mari Nationalism Mari Independence |
| Political position | Right-wing |
Land of Forefathers (Mari: Kugeze Mlande) was a Mari nationalist organization founded in February 1991. The Party promoted Mari Independence.[2][3] In March 1995 the organization was terminated by the Russian law enforcement agencies.[4]
History
In February 1990 Kugeze Mlande was formally registered. The aim of the organization was separating Mari El from Russia, adoption of harsh laws against migration into the Republic,[5] and Mari membership within the proposed Volga Confederation.[6]
In 1995, Kugeze Mlande was forced to cease its activities following its criticism of Vladislav Zotin, its call for Mari independence, and its opposition to the Chechen War.[4][7]
References
- ^ "Mari Men and Women as Bearers of the Mari Language and Identity". mariuver.narod.ru. Retrieved 2025-05-11.
- ^ "HUMAN RIGTHS[sic] PROBLEMS IN RUSSIA". www.suri.ee. Retrieved 2025-05-11.
- ^ Taagepera, Rein (1999). The Finno-Ugric republics and the Russian state. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-91977-7. OCLC 42519757.
- ^ a b Tishkov, V. A.; Filippova, Elena; Local Government and Public Service Reform Initiative, eds. (2002). Local governance and minority empowerment in the CIS. LGI books. Budapest, Hungary: Local Govt. and Public Service Reform Initiative : Open Society Institute. ISBN 978-963-9419-38-4.
- ^ Mastyugina, Tatiana; Perepëlkin, Lev Stanislavovič; Naumkin, Vitalij Vâčeslavovič; Zvâgelʹskaâ, Irena Dorovna (1996). An ethnic history of Russia: pre-revolutionary times to the present. Contributions in ethnic studies. Westport, Conn London: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-29315-3.
- ^ Saunders, Robert A.; Strukov, Vladimir Vjačeslavovič (2010). Historical dictionary of the Russian Federation. Historical dictionaries of Europe. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7460-2.
- ^ Zamyatin, Konstantin (2015-01-01). "Minority political participation under majority domination: a case study of Russia's Republic of Mari El". Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Aikakauskirja. 2015 (95). doi:10.33340/susa.82653. ISSN 1798-2987.