Kemberano language
| Kemberano | |
|---|---|
| Weriagar, Barau | |
| Native to | West Papua, Indonesia |
| Region | Bird's Head Peninsula |
Native speakers | (2,500 including Dombano (possibly double counting) cited 1987)[1] |
Trans–New Guinea?
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | bzp |
| Glottolog | kemb1235 |
Kemberano Kemberano Kemberano | |
| Coordinates: 2°14′S 132°59′E / 2.24°S 132.99°E | |
Kemberano is a Papuan language of the Bird's Head Peninsula of West Papua, Indonesia.[2]
Phonology
| Labial | Dental/ Alveolar |
Palatal | Velar | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive/ Affricate |
voiceless | p | t̪ | k | |
| prenasal/vd. | ᵐb ~ b | ⁿ̪d̪ ~ d̪ | dʑ | ᵑɡ ~ ɡ | |
| Fricative | β | ð | ɣ | ||
| Nasal | m | n | |||
| Flap | ɾ | ||||
| Glide | (w) | (j) | |||
Prenasal sounds /ᵐb, ⁿ̪d̪, ᵑɡ/ are mostly heard as prenasal in word-initial position and as voiced stops [b, d̪, ɡ] elsewhere.
- /ᵑɡ ~ ɡ/ can be heard as {{IPA|[ŋ] when the next consonant in a word is /ᵑɡ ~ ɡ/ or /n/.
- Stop sounds /p, k/ can also be heard as affricated sounds [pᶠ, kˣ] in free variation.
- Fricatives /β, ð, ɣ/ can also be heard as unarticulated voiced stops [b̚, d̪̚, ɡ̚] when in word-final position.
- Glides [w, j] occur as a result of vowels /i, u/ when preceding other vowels, or when in intervocalic positions.
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i | u | |
| Mid | e | (ə) | o |
| Low | a |
The five vowels {{IPA|/i, e, a, o, u/} can be heard as [ɪ, ɛ, ɑ, ɔ, ʊ] in unstressed positions. All of them may also be heard as a mid central [ə] in free variation in unstressed positions.
- /a/ can be heard as [æ] when within the vicinity of /i/.
- /i/ can be heard as [y] when within the vicinity of /u/.[3]
Morphology
Kemberano nouns are required to have the following concord suffixes:[2]
- –i (masculine nouns)
- –o (feminine nouns)
Examples (from Berry and Berry 1987: 86):
pogi
pig
enat-i
one-M
‘one pig’
uroko
stone
enat-o
one-F
‘one stone’
References
- ^ Kemberano at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ a b Holton, Gary; Klamer, Marian (2018). "The Papuan languages of East Nusantara and the Bird's Head". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 569–640. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.
- ^ Voorhoeve, C. L. (1985). Some Notes on the Arandai Language. Irian XIII. pp. 3–40.
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