Jayakarta War

For the 1619 battle, see Fall of Jayakarta.
Jayakarta War
Part of the prelude to the Anglo–Dutch wars

Pieter van den Broecke taken captive (1724 print)[2][3]
Date20 December 1618 – March 1619
Location
Jayakarta (present-day Jakarta)
Result
  • Anglo–Jayakartan victory
Belligerents
 Dutch East India Company
Banten Sultanate[b]
Commanders and leaders
Wijayakrama (POW)[4][5]
Arya Ranamanggala[c]
Thomas Dale
Martin Pring
John Jourdain
Nicholas Ufftele		 Jan Pieterszoon Coen
Pieter de Carpentier
Pieter van den Broecke (POW)
Arya Ranamanggala[6]
Prince Upatih[7]
Jayawikarta
Strength
2,000–3,000 troops
few English forces		 2,000–5,000 troops
Few ships
4,000 troops[6]
Casualties and losses
Light Roughly about hundreds of troops were killed
Severals unknown ship destroyed

The Jayakarta War (Indonesian: Perang Jayakarta; Dutch: Jayakarta-oorlog) was a military conflict occurred in Jayakarta between the Jayakartan forces and English traders company against the Dutch East India Company from the year of 1618 to 1619. The war resulted in Dutch significant losses by the Anglo–Jayakartan forces. Many of the Dutch lodges and fort was captured by the Anglo–Jayakartan forces with the help of Bantenese forces of Ranamanggala's orders,[d] but in part of the consequences of the war with the East India Company, the Dutch retreated from Banten following from the VOC (Dutch East India Company) suppression. This will eventually led to Dutch incidents on the island of Run. The Dutch began to prepare the second attempt on conquering Jayakarta after the war—in May 1619.

Background

In 1618, Jan Pieterszoon Coen as the Governor-general of VOC sent a protest message to East India Company in Jayakarta because many of the English fleets hijacked and captured the VOC ship Zwarte Leeuw in Patani, Siam. In the message of Jan Pieterszoon Coen writing to Thomas Dale said that the English were starting to betray the Anglo-Dutch relations in East Indies and the English also proved that the Dutch started the conflicts by trying to expel the English from Moluccan.[8][9]

The Dutch were trying to make the English have losses of many of their allies on East Indies including expelling the English possessions in East Indies. By this proving Coen assessed that the English reasons were not the reasons why the British hijacked their ships on Siams. And Coen tried to intimidate the English by planning the assassination of Nicholas Ufftels.[10][9]

Course of wars

On 20 December 1618, the VOC fleets had a naval engagement against EIC fleets off the Jayakarta coasts. Jan Pieterszoon Coen launched a military aggression on EIC by declaring war in East Indies. Two days ago, the VOC fleets in Molucca were plundering the EIC ships. EIC received a news that Richard Wetsby, an English ambassador in Jambi was killed by the VOC after Wetsby received a party invitation by the VOC, and burned the EIC ship of The Hound.[11][12][9]

On 31 December 1618, Jan Pieterszoon Coen launced a naval action off the Jayakarta coasts, but his fleets were not able to attack because their fleets were trapped by the Anglo-Bantenese fleets. With these conditions, Coen decided to retreat to Molucca to assemble his forces.[13]

On 26 December 1618, Banten Sultanate send 2,000–3,000 troops to Jayakarta by Arya Ranamanggala's orders, the main objective was to expel the VOC from Jayakarta. Ranamanggala established the new rules that the VOC cannot trade and open their lodges in Jayakarta, but with the arrival of Bantenese forces also unsettled Wijayakrama, the rulers of Jayakarta. Wijayakrama gave a demand, if the Dutch leave Jayakarta, the English also leave Jayakarta. According to the English company, this conditions was marking Wijayakrama want to split their relations with Banten. This conditions also pressed the English to do their actions in Jayakarta. While the 5 ships of the Dutch company was leaving Jayakarta to avoid their conditions in Jayakarta.[14][15][12]

Assault to Mauritius Huis

From 10 to 14 January 1619, the Anglo-Jayakarta forces attacked the VOC fort in Jayakarta coast, the Dutch retreated from Jayakarta to Jepara and Ambon. The Dutch also sending the message to EIC for gaving the fairness of the family and VOC officials. VOC mentioned that the people living on the Fort of Mauritius Huis was living in the worst conditions and trusted the EIC for the future of their people in the fort that has no assurance, this request was accepted by the EIC, and gave 200.000 Lire to their officials safety in two years. However the VOC respond this answer by attacking EIC fleets in Ambon.[16][17]On 22 January 1619, Jayakarta forces led by Wijayakrama was leading his forces to kidnap the VOC leaders in Jayakarta. They successfully kidnapped one of the VOC leaders in Jayakarta, namely Pieter van den Broecke.[18]

Sieges of Mauritius Huis

On 29 January 1619, after the Anglo-Jayakarta forces stormed the VOC forts off the Jayakarta coast, the Bantenese forces blockade on the VOC forts but the English only helping the Jayakarta forces by giving their weapons to Jayakarta forces. After 4 days, VOC officials at the fort were surrender to the Anglo-Jayakarta forces. Meanwhile, in Cirebon Sultanate, they established a relations with EIC and opening their port to the EIC. Cirebon choose Henry Boshvile as the leader of their post traders in Jepara.[19][17]

Arrest of Wijayakrama

Arya Ranamanggala felt that the Wijayakrama's decision to declare war against the Dutch was a very wrong decision, and Wijayakrama made an agreement with the English about the Dutch fort. Ranamanggala said that the English must leave Jayakarta, otherwise the English trading office in Banten would be destroyed by his forces. On 19 February 1619, during the negotiations, the commander of Ranamanggala came up, named Pangeran Upatih with their 4,000 troops.[22][6] Upatih on Ranamanggala's orders attacked the English troops, several English troops ran to their office in Jayakarta and left Jayakarta. Meanwhile, Wijayakrama was arrested along with 50 of his guards, then detained and exiled to Tanara, and his position was dismissed. Then the Jayakarta government was led by Wijayakrama's son, namely Jayawikarta, and Ranamanggala as his superior, therefore Jayakarta was completely under Arya Ranamanggala.[6][23]

Capture of Nassau Huis

On 1 March 1619, the Anglo-Jayakarta forces attack the VOC lodges off the Jayakarta coast area. The attack divided into two type of forces, the navy and the ground forces. Jayakarta forces with the help of EIC fleets captured the VOC lodges and factory off the Jayakarta coast. They succeeded to capture many of the VOC spices and weaponry, the English also freeing their captured forces.[24][25][26]

Aftermath

See also: Fall of Jayakarta

Coen and his fleets bombarded the English fleets in the island of Run, main base of EIC. Many of the pieces of forts were destroyed by Coen fleets. After that, the VOC fleets also attacking many of the EIC spices farms who under of the VOC canon range. VOC fleets delayed their campaign in Banda islands and sailed to Jayakarta for launching the counter campaign on Jayakarta.[27]

Coen decided to launch their counter-attacks on Jayakarta by attacking the Bantenese forces off the coast line of Jayakarta and capture their fort that under the Bantenese hands. Jan Pieterszoon Coen launched the series of the brutal naval actions on Jayakarta by destructing the port of Jepara and hijacked many Chinese ships who wants to trade to Jayakarta.[28][29]

References

  1. ^ Candrian, Attahiyyat (2022). Onrust dan Sekitarnya (in Indonesian). Unit Pengelola Museum Kebaharian Jakarta. p. 23. ISBN 978-623-99525-4-9.
  2. ^ Valentijn, François, "Oud en Nieuw Oost-Indiën" (1724-1726)
  3. ^ [1] Afbeelding - AMH (Berkas AMH)
  4. ^ Afif, Khoirul M (2023). Sosok Pangeran Jayakarta Wijayakrama, Dari Bawahan Banten Hingga Tahanan Tanara (in Indonesian). intisari.grid.id.
  5. ^ Muhamad, Alnoza (2024). Pemindahan ibu kota Keraton Jayakarta dan dendam Murjangkung (in Indonesian). tirto.id.
  6. ^ a b c d Catatan Pribadi Mangkubumi Arya Ranamanggala (in Indonesian). humaspdg.wordpress.com. 2010.
  7. ^ Farhan, Al-Fuadi (2019). Pangeran Upatih (in Indonesian). academi.edu. p. 5.
  8. ^ Sainsbury 1870, p. 216.
  9. ^ a b c Gregorius 2023, p. 12.
  10. ^ Sainsbury 1870, p. 217.
  11. ^ Sainsbury 1870, p. 221.
  12. ^ a b Fruin 1920, p. 79.
  13. ^ Agus 2023, p. 45.
  14. ^ Sainsbury 1870, p. 223.
  15. ^ Fruin 1920, p. 78.
  16. ^ Sainsbury 1870, pp. 235–237.
  17. ^ a b Gregorius 2023, p. 13.
  18. ^ Agus 2023, p. 46.
  19. ^ Sainsbury 1870, p. 245.
  20. ^ Valentijn, François, "Oud en Nieuw Oost-Indiën" (1724-1726)
  21. ^ [2] Afbeelding - AMH (Berkas AMH)
  22. ^ Farhan, Al-Fuadi (2019). Pangeran Upatih (in Indonesian). academi.edu. p. 5.
  23. ^ "Jan Pieterszoon Coen (1587–1629) – Stichter van Batavia". Historiek. 2025.
  24. ^ Sainsbury 1870, p. 252.
  25. ^ Sainsbury 1870, p. 253.
  26. ^ Sainsbury 1870, p. 254.
  27. ^ Sainsbury 1870, p. 258.
  28. ^ Furnivall 2010, p. 28-29.
  29. ^ Furnivall 2010, p. 30.

Notes

  1. ^ Until late January 1619, because there was a difference of opinion between Wijayakrama and Arya Ranamanggala
  2. ^ After the siege of Mauritius Huis (late January 1619)
  3. ^ From 26 December 1618 until late January 1619.
  4. ^ Until late January 1619, because there was a difference of opinion between Wijayakrama and Arya Ranamanggala
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