Iodine trichloride
| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name
Iodine trichloride
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| Other names
Diiodine hexachloride
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| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.011.582 |
PubChem CID
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| UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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| Properties | |
| I2Cl6 | |
| Molar mass | 466.5281 g/mol |
| Appearance | yellow solid |
| Density | 3.11 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | 63 °C (145 °F; 336 K) |
| −90.2×10−6 cm3/mol | |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references
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Iodine trichloride is an interhalogen compound of iodine and chlorine. It is bright yellow but upon time and exposure to light it turns red due to the presence of elemental iodine. In the solid state is present as a planar dimer I2Cl6, with two bridging Cl atoms.[1]
It can be prepared by reacting iodine with an excess of liquid chlorine at −70 °C,[2] or heating a mixture of liquid iodine and chlorine gas to 105 °C. In the molten state it is conductive, which may indicate dissociation:[2]
- I2Cl6 ⇌ ICl+
2 + ICl−
4
It is an oxidizing agent, capable of causing fire on contact with organic materials. That oxidizing power also makes it a useful catalyst for organic chlorination reactions.[3]
Iodine trichloride reacts with concentrated hydrochloric acid, forming tetrachloroiodic acid:[4]
- ICl3 + HCl → HICl4
References
- ^ K. H. Boswijk; E. H. Wiebenga (1954). "The crystal structure of I2Cl6 (ICl3)". Acta Crystallographica. 7 (5): 417–423. doi:10.1107/S0365110X54001260.
- ^ a b Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
- ^ Sabatier, Paul (1922). Catalysis in Organic Chemistry (PDF). Translated by Reid, E. Emmet. New York, NY: Van Nostrand. p. 2.
- ^ Bateman, Richard J.; Bateman, Linda R. (February 1972). "Solid-state structure, nuclear quadrupole resonance spectrum, and the resultant symmetry implications for tetrachloroiodic acid tetrahydrate". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 94 (4): 1130–1134. doi:10.1021/ja00759a017. ISSN 0002-7863.