IC 438
| IC 438 | |
|---|---|
IC 438 imaged by the Hubble Space Telescope in 2021 | |
| Observation data (J2000 epoch) | |
| Constellation | Lepus |
| Right ascension | 05h 53m 00.0676s[1] |
| Declination | −17° 52′ 33.684″[1] |
| Redshift | 0.004256±0.000006[1] |
| Heliocentric radial velocity | 3,123±4 km/s[1] |
| Distance | 136.45 ± 4.29 Mly (41.835 ± 1.314 Mpc)[1] |
| Group or cluster | IC 438 Group (LGG 134) |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 12.74[1] |
| Characteristics | |
| Type | SA(rs)c[1] |
| Size | ~155,100 ly (47.55 kpc) (estimated)[1] |
| Apparent size (V) | 2.8′ × 2.1′[1] |
| Other designations | |
| ESO 555- G 009, IRAS 05508-1753, UGCA 115, MCG -03-15-025, PGC 18047[1] | |
IC 438 is a spiral galaxy in the constellation of Lepus. Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background is 3,199±6 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 153.9 ± 10.8 Mly (47.18 ± 3.30 Mpc).[1] However, 17 non-redshift measurements give a much closer distance of 136.45 ± 4.29 Mly (41.835 ± 1.314 Mpc).[2] It was discovered by American astronomer Lewis Swift on 7 January 1891.[3][4]
IC 438 is a Seyfert I Galaxy, i.e. it has a quasar-like nucleus with very high surface brightnesses whose spectra reveal strong, high-ionisation emission lines, but unlike quasars, the host galaxy is clearly detectable.[5]
IC 438 Group
According to A.M. Garcia, IC 438 is one of five members of the IC 438 galaxy group (also known as LGG 134), which includes IC 2143, UGCA 113, MCG -03-15-021, and ESO 555- G 005.[6]
Supernovae
Three supernovae have been observed in IC 438:
- SN 1997B (Type Ic, mag. 16.5) was discovered by Alessandro Gabrijelcic on 13 January 1997.[7][8]
- SN 2016blx (Type II, mag. 16.5) was discovered by the Backyard Observatory Supernova Search (BOSS) on 9 April 2016.[9]
- SN 2017gbb (Type Iax[02cx-like], mag. 16.39) was discovered by the Gaia Photometric Science Alerts programme on 9 August 2017.[10]
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Results for object IC 0438". NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. NASA and Caltech. Retrieved 9 June 2025.
- ^ "Distance Results for IC 438". NASA/IPAC EXTRAGALACTIC DATABASE. NASA. Retrieved 9 June 2025.
- ^ Seligman, Courtney. "Index Catalogue Objects: IC 438". Celestial Atlas. Retrieved 25 May 2025.
- ^ Swift, Lewis (1892). "Catalogue No. 10 of Nebulae discovered at the Warner Observatory". Astronomische Nachrichten. 129: 361. Bibcode:1892AN....129..361S.
- ^ Chen, Yan-Ping; Zaw, Ingyin; Farrar, Glennys R.; Elgamal, Sana (2022). "A Uniformly Selected, Southern-sky 6dF, Optical AGN Catalog". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 258 (2): 29. arXiv:2111.13217. Bibcode:2022ApJS..258...29C. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ac4157.
- ^ Garcia, A. M. (1993). "General study of group membership. II. Determination of nearby groups". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series. 100: 47. Bibcode:1993A&AS..100...47G.
- ^ "SN 1997B". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 9 June 2025.
- ^ Gabrijelcic, A.; Valles, P.; Benetti, S.; Lidman, C. (1997). Green, Daniel W. E. (ed.). "Supernova 1997B in IC 438". International Astronomical Union Circular (6535): 1. Bibcode:1997IAUC.6535....1G.
- ^ "SN 2016blx". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 9 June 2025.
- ^ "SN 2017gbb". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 9 June 2025.
External links
- Media related to IC 438 at Wikimedia Commons
- IC 438 on WikiSky: DSS2, SDSS, GALEX, IRAS, Hydrogen α, X-Ray, Astrophoto, Sky Map, Articles and images