Higher school (Japan)

Higher school (高等学校, Kōtō Gakkō or 旧制高等学校, Kyūsei Kōtō Gakkō) was an institution of higher education in Japan, which was a preparatory institution for imperial universities and national medical colleges until the educational reform in occupied Japan.[1]

Apart from the Imperial Japanese Army Academy and the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy, higher schools were the most prestigious pre-university higher education institutions in Japan and provided liberal arts education based on 'Kyōyōshugi' instead of specialised education.

The higher schools have now been converted or mergerd into universities.[2] Despite the same name, Kōtō Gakkō (高等学校), higher schools are completely different to high schools (新制高等学校, Shinsei Kōtō Gakkō) after WW2.

List

3-year Schools

Number Schools

school name The First Order of Higher Education (1894) era The Second Order of Higher Education (1919) New university
First Higher School (Tokyo) Daigaku Yoka Kōtōka University of Tokyo
Facultyl of Medicine (Chiba) Independent as Chiba Medical College (1901) Chiba Medical College (now Chiba University School of Medicine)
Second Higher School (Sendai) Daigaku Yoka Kōtōka Tohoku University
Faculty of medicine Independent as Sendai Medical College (1901) Tohoku Imperial University School of Medicine (Tohoku University School of Medicine)
Third Higher School (Kyoto) Faculty of Law 1901 abolished ――――
Faculty of Engineering 1901 abolished ――――
Faculty of Medicine (Okayama) Independent as Okayama Medical College (1901) Okayama Medical College (now Okayama University School of Medicine)
Daigaku Yoka (1897) Kōtōka Kyoto University
Fourth Higher School (Kanazawa) Daigaku Yoka Kōtōka Kanazawa University
Faculty of medicine Independent as Kanazawa Medical College (1901) Kanazawa University School of Medicine
Fifth Higher School (Kumamoto) Daigaku Yoka Kōtōka Kumamoto University
Faculty of Medicine (Nagasaki) Independent as Nagasaki Medical College (1901) Nagasaki University School of Medicine
Faculty of Engineering (1897) Independent as Kumamoto Higher Technical School (1906) Kumamoto University
Sixth Higher school (Okayama) Daigaku Yoka (1900) Kōtōka Okayama University
Seventh Higher School, Zōshikan  (Kagoshima) Daigaku Yoka (1901) Kōtōka Kagoshima University
Eighth Higher School (Nagoya) Daigaku Yoka (1908) Kōtōka Nagoya University

Name Schools

Year of establishment school name New university
1886 Yamaguchi Higher School Yamaguchi University
1919 Niigata Higher School Niigata University
1919 Matsumoto Higher School Shinshu University
1919 Yamaguchi Higher School Yamaguchi University
1919 Ehime Higher School Ehime University
1920 Mito Higher School Ibaraki University
1920 Yamagata Higher School Yamagata University
1920 Saga Higher School Saga University
1920 Hirosaki Higher School Hirosaki University
1920 Matsue Higher School Shimane University
1921 Osaka Higher School Osaka University
1921 Urawa Higher School Saitama University
1921 Fukuoka Higher School Kyushu University
1922 Shizuoka Higher School Shizuoka University
1922 Kochi Higher School Kochi University
1923 Himeji Higher School Kobe University (Himeji Branch)
1923 Hiroshima Higher School Hiroshima University
1940 Ryojyun Higher School (Lushun, Manchukuo) (abolition)
1943 Toyama Higher School University of Toyama

Postwar Special Higher School

Predecessor medical and dental college of school name New university
Japan Women's Dental College Nihon higher school Japan Women's Health Junior College (Now Kanagawa Dental University)
Toyo Women's Dental College Toyo Higher School Toyo Women's Junior College (now Toyo Gakuen University)
Akita Prefectural Women's Medical College Akita Prefectural Higher School (Closed in 1950, converted into Akita University)
Yamanashi Prefectural Medical College Yamanashi Prefectural Higher School (Closed in 1951, converted into Yamanashi University)
Yamanashi Prefectural Women's Medical College
Tokushima Medical College Tokushima Higher School Tokushima University
Fukuoka Prefectural Medical and Dental College, Department of Medicine Fukuoka Prefectural Higher School (Closed in 1951, converted into Kyushu Dental University)
Nagasaki Medical University College of Medicine Nagasaki Higher School Nagasaki University

7-year Schools

kinds Year of establishment school name New university New junior high school / high school
national 1921 Tokyo Higher School University of Tokyo Junior and Senior High School, University of Tokyo
1922 Taihoku Higher School (Taipei) (Abolished, converted to National Taiwan Normal University)
public 1923 Toyama Higher School (Transferred to a national school in 1943, abolished the vulgaris department)
1926 Naniwa Higher School (Osaka) Osaka University (Abolition of vulgar department)
1929 Tokyo Metropolitan Higher School (Tokyo) Tokyo Metropolitan University Metropolitan New Institution of Higher Education
private 1922 Musashi Higher School (Tokyo) Musashi University Musashi Junior and Senior High School
1923 Konan Higher School (Tokyo) Konan University Konan Junior and Senior High School
1925 Seikei Higher School (Tokyo) Seikei University Seikei Junior and Senior High School
1926 Seijo Higher School (Tokyo) Seijo University Seijo Gakuen Junior High School and High School

See also

  • Imperial Universities (帝国大学)
  • Daigaku Yoka (大学予科)
  • Specialized School (Japan) (旧制専門学校)

References

  1. ^ "c. Higher Schools as the Preparatory Course for the Imperial Universities：文部科学省". www.mext.go.jp. Retrieved 2022-06-18.
  2. ^ "（6）The New University System：文部科学省". www.mext.go.jp. Retrieved 2022-06-18.

Sources

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