Hexham (UK Parliament constituency)

Hexham
County constituency
for the House of Commons
Interactive map of boundaries since 2024
Boundary within North East England
CountyNorthumberland
Electorate72,738 (2023)[1]
Major settlementsHexham, Corbridge, Stocksfield, Ponteland, Prudhoe, Wylam, Haydon Bridge, Haltwhistle
Current constituency
Created1885
Member of ParliamentJoe Morris (Labour)
SeatsOne
Created fromNorth Northumberland and South Northumberland

Hexham is a constituency[n 1] in Northumberland represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2024 by Joe Morris of the Labour Party. As with all constituencies, the constituency elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election at least every five years.

The seat was created as one of four single member divisions of the county of Northumberland under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885.[2]

Constituency profile

The second-largest constituency by land area in England (covering 250,992 hectares under the 2010–2024 boundaries),[3] Hexham reaches to the Pennines and is traversed by Hadrian's Wall, which runs almost due east–west through England. It includes substantial agricultural holdings, forestry, wood processing, food, minerals, and manufactured hardware industries. In the midst of the northwest of the constituency is Kielder Water; running between this area and the middle of the seat is the southern portion of Kielder Forest, and in the west, the attractions of the precipitous Haltwhistle Burn, Viaduct and Castle. SSE of Hexham is the Derwent Reservoir.[4] As well as those rural areas, the constituency also includes part of Newcastle's middle-class suburbs.

Despite the generally middle-class composition of the population, there are also some more working-class areas: Prudhoe frequently elects Labour councillors and has demographics similar to neighbouring parts of Blaydon, a strongly Labour town in the Blaydon and Consett constituency. There is also some deprivation in rural areas, particularly around Haltwhistle. Based on the latest published old age dependency ratios, a slightly larger than average level of the population is retired.[5]

An estimate by the House of Commons Library puts the Leave vote by the constituency in the 2016 referendum at 45%.[6]

History

Hexham was considered a safe seat for the Conservative Party, having been under their control for almost a century, with generally safe majorities, from 1924 until it was gained by Labour in 2024. It was the only Conservative seat in the North East between the New Labour years in government from 1997–2010, and the only one in Northumberland from 1973 until the Conservatives gained Berwick-upon-Tweed from the Liberal Democrats in 2015. It was also the northernmost seat won by the Conservatives in 1997, in what would be their worst landslide defeat at any general election of the twentieth century; with all Conservative MPs in Scotland and Wales unseated that year.[7] In 1997, the Labour Party was very close to winning the seat, but the Conservatives retained it with a significantly reduced narrow majority of 222 votes.

In 2024, Labour won the seat for the first time on a swing of 14.9% and a majority of 7.2%, despite the fact that it was one of the few seats where Reform UK did not stand.

Boundaries

1885–1918: The Sessional Divisions of Bellingham, Coquetdale West, Haltwhistle, and Tynedale.[2]

The contents of the county division were defined by the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885.

1918–1950: The Rural Districts of Bellingham, Haltwhistle, Hexham, and the part of the Rural District of Castle Ward which consists of the civil parishes of Bitchfield, Black Heddon, Capheaton, Cheeseburn Grange, East Matfen, Fenwick, Harlow Hill, Hawkwell, Heugh, Ingoe, Kearsley, Kirkheaton, Nesbitt, Ouston, Ryal, Wallridge and West Matfen, and the Urban Districts of Hexham and Prudhoe.[8][9]

Rothbury was transferred to Berwick-upon-Tweed.

1950–1974: The Urban Districts of Hexham and Prudhoe, and the Rural Districts of Bellingham, Castle Ward, Haltwhistle, Hexham.[10][11]

The remainder of Castle Ward was transferred from the abolished constituency of Wansbeck.

1974–1983: The urban districts of Hexham and Prudhoe, and the rural districts of Bellingham, Castle Ward, Haltwhistle, and Hexham.[12]

The boundary with Blyth was slightly amended to take account of changes to local government boundaries.

1983–2010: The District of Tynedale, and the following wards of the Borough of Castle Morpeth: Heddon-on-the-Wall, Ponteland East, Ponteland North, Ponteland South, Ponteland West, Stamfordham, Stannington, and Whalton.[13][14]

Contents changed following reorganisation of local authorities in 1974. The area of the former rural district of Castle Ward which was now part of the City of Newcastle upon Tyne in Tyne and Wear was now included in Newcastle upon Tyne North.

2010–2024: The District of Tynedale, and the following wards of the Borough of Castle Morpeth: Heddon-on-the-Wall, Ponteland East, Ponteland North, Ponteland South, Ponteland West, Stamfordham, and Stannington.[15]

In the fifth periodic boundary review of parliamentary representation in Northumberland, which came into effect for the 2010 general election, the contents of the existing Hexham constituency were unchanged except for losing the southern part of the Hartburn ward to Berwick-upon-Tweed, and the Boundary Commission for England made only minor changes in Northumberland to take account of ward boundary changes.

In 2009, a further government reorganisation resulted in the abolition of all local government boroughs and districts in Northumberland and the establishment of the county as a unitary authority.[16] However, this did not affect the constituency boundaries.

2024–present: The City of Newcastle upon Tyne ward of Callerton & Throckley, and the County of Northumberland electoral divisions of Bellingham, Bywell, Corbridge, Haltwhistle, Haydon and Hadrian, Hexham Central with Acomb, Hexham East, Hexham West, Humshaugh, Longhorsley, Ponteland East and Stannington, Ponteland North, Ponteland South with Heddon, Ponteland West, Prudhoe North, Prudhoe South, South Tynedale, and Stocksfield and Broomhaugh.[17]

Expanded to bring the electorate within the permitted range by adding the Newcastle ward of Callerton & Throckley. The boundaries within Northumberland were adjusted slightly to take account of the reorganisation of local authority electoral divisions.

Members of Parliament

Colonel Douglas Clifton Brown, who was Speaker of the House of Commons during the latter years of the World War II, represented the seat for two separate tenures (from 1918–23, and again from 1924–51).

Year Member[18] Party
1885 Miles MacInnes Liberal
1892 Nathaniel Clayton Conservative
1893 Miles MacInnes Liberal
1895 Wentworth Beaumont
1907 Richard Durning Holt
1918 Douglas Clifton Brown Unionist
1923 Victor Finney Liberal
1924 Douglas Clifton Brown Unionist
1943 Speaker
1951 Rupert Speir Conservative
1966 Geoffrey Rippon
1987 Alan Amos
1992 Peter Atkinson
2010 Guy Opperman
2024 Joe Morris Labour

Elections

Elections in the 2020s

General election 2024: Hexham[19]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Joe Morris 23,988 46.3 +14.6
Conservative Guy Opperman 20,275 39.1 −15.2
Green Nick Morphet 2,467 4.8 +1.2
Liberal Democrats Nick Cott 2,376 4.6 −4.8
Independent Chris Whaley 1,511 2.9 N/A
SDP William Clouston 1,211 2.3 N/A
Majority 3,713 7.2 N/A
Turnout 51,828 67.8 −6.4
Labour gain from Conservative Swing +14.9

Elections in the 2010s

General election 2019: Hexham[20]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Guy Opperman 25,152 54.5 +0.4
Labour Penny Grennan 14,603 31.6 −2.5
Liberal Democrats Stephen Howse 4,672 10.1 +3.0
Green Nick Morphet 1,723 3.7 +1.0
Majority 10,549 22.9 +2.9
Turnout 46,150 75.3 +0.2
Conservative hold Swing +1.5
General election 2017: Hexham
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Guy Opperman 24,996 54.1 +1.4
Labour Co-op Stephen Powers 15,760 34.1 +9.2
Liberal Democrats Fiona Hall 3,285 7.1 +0.3
Green Wesley Foot 1,253 2.7 −2.9
UKIP Francis Miles 930 2.0 −7.9
Majority 9,236 20.0 −7.8
Turnout 46,224 75.1 +3.6
Conservative hold Swing -3.9
General election 2015: Hexham[21]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Guy Opperman 22,834 52.7 +9.5
Labour Liam Carr 10,803 24.9 +5.9
UKIP David Nicholson 4,302 9.9 New
Liberal Democrats Jeff Reid[22] 2,961 6.8 −23.1
Green Lee Williscroft-Ferris 2,445 5.6 New
Majority 12,031 27.8 +9.5
Turnout 43,345 71.5 +0.7
Conservative hold Swing +1.8
General election 2010: Hexham[23][24]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Guy Opperman 18,795 43.2 +0.8
Liberal Democrats Andrew Duffield 13,007 29.9 +4.2
Labour Antoine Tinnion 8,253 19.0 −11.4
Independent Steven Ford 1,974 4.5 New
BNP Quentin Hawkins 1,205 2.8 New
Independent Colin Moss 249 0.6 New
Majority 5,788 13.3 +1.2
Turnout 43,483 70.8 +2.2
Conservative hold Swing -1.7

Elections in the 2000s

General election 2005: Hexham[25]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Peter Atkinson 17,605 42.4 −2.2
Labour Kevin Graham 12,585 30.3 −8.3
Liberal Democrats Andrew Duffield 10,673 25.7 +10.7
English Democrat Ian Riddell 521 1.3 New
Imperial Thomas Davison 129 0.3 New
Majority 5,020 12.1 +6.1
Turnout 41,513 68.8 −2.1
Conservative hold Swing +3.0
General election 2001: Hexham[26]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Peter Atkinson 18,917 44.6 +5.8
Labour Paul Brannen 16,388 38.6 +0.4
Liberal Democrats Philip Latham 6,380 15.0 −2.4
UKIP Alan Patterson 728 1.7 −0.9
Majority 2,529 6.0 +5.4
Turnout 42,413 70.9 −6.6
Conservative hold Swing

Elections in the 1990s

General election 1997: Hexham[27]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Peter Atkinson 17,701 38.8 −13.6
Labour Ian McMinn 17,479 38.2 +14.0
Liberal Democrats Philip Carr 7,959 17.4 −4.3
Referendum Robert Waddell 1,362 3.0 New
UKIP David Lott 1,170 2.6 New
Majority 222 0.6 −27.6
Turnout 45,671 77.5 −4.9
Conservative hold Swing +13.8
General election 1992: Hexham[28][29]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Peter Atkinson 24,967 52.4 +2.8
Labour Ian Swithenbank 11,529 24.2 +6.2
Liberal Democrats Jonathan Wallace 10,344 21.7 −10.0
Green John Hartshorne 781 1.6 +0.9
Majority 13,438 28.2 +10.3
Turnout 47,621 82.4 +2.4
Conservative hold Swing −1.7

Elections in the 1980s

General election 1987: Hexham[30]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Alan Amos 22,370 49.6 −1.9
Liberal Euan Robson 14,304 31.7 +0.2
Labour Mike Wood 8,103 18.0 +1.0
Green Sheila Wood 336 0.7 New
Majority 8,066 17.9 −2.1
Turnout 45,113 80.0 +6.6
Conservative hold Swing
General election 1983: Hexham[31]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Geoffrey Rippon 21,374 51.5 +3.5
Liberal Euan Robson 13,066 31.5 +11.4
Labour Stephen Byers 7,056 17.0 −14.9
Majority 8,308 20.0 +3.9
Turnout 41,496 73.4 −6.1
Conservative hold Swing

Elections in the 1970s

General election 1979: Hexham
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Geoffrey Rippon 25,483 47.98
Labour Stuart Bell 16,935 31.88
Liberal John Shipley 10,697 20.14
Majority 8,548 16.10
Turnout 53,115 79.50
Conservative hold Swing
General election October 1974: Hexham
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Geoffrey Rippon 21,352 43.53
Labour Eric Wade 16,711 34.07
Liberal Roy Cairncross 10,991 22.41
Majority 4,641 9.46
Turnout 49,054 75.37
Conservative hold Swing
General election February 1974: Hexham
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Geoffrey Rippon 24,059 45.46
Labour Eric Wade 16,129 30.48
Liberal Roy Cairncross 12,730 24.06
Majority 7,930 14.98
Turnout 52,918 82.62
Conservative hold Swing
General election 1970: Hexham
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Geoffrey Rippon 24,516 51.96
Labour John E Miller 16,645 35.28
Liberal David Cogan 6,021 12.76
Majority 7,871 16.68
Turnout 47,182 75.31
Conservative hold Swing

Elections in the 1960s

General election 1966: Hexham
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Geoffrey Rippon 20,889 48.10
Labour Co-op James B. Lamb 16,105 37.08
Liberal Douglas A. Robson 6,434 14.82
Majority 4,784 11.02
Turnout 43,428 78.05
Conservative hold Swing
General election 1964: Hexham
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Rupert Speir 22,468 50.70
Labour John Alderson 14,127 31.88
Liberal Douglas A. Robson 7,722 17.42 New
Majority 8,341 18.82
Turnout 44,317 81.88
Conservative hold Swing

Elections in the 1950s

General election 1959: Hexham
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Rupert Speir 25,500 62.99
Labour Wilfrid Roberts 14,980 37.01
Majority 10,520 25.98
Turnout 40,480 81.11
Conservative hold Swing
General election 1955: Hexham
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Rupert Speir 23,462 64.00
Labour Edward Garrett 13,198 36.00
Majority 10,264 28.00
Turnout 36,660 77.28
Conservative hold Swing
General election 1951: Hexham[32]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Rupert Speir 23,267 59.61 New
Labour Co-op Thomas L. MacDonald 15,768 40.39
Majority 7,499 19.22 N/A
Turnout 39,035 82.42
Conservative gain from Speaker Swing
General election 1950: Hexham
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Speaker Douglas Clifton Brown 24,703 85.60
Independent Liberal Alexander Hancock 4,154 14.40 New
Majority 20,549 71.66
Turnout 28,857 61.88
Speaker hold Swing

Elections in the 1940s

General election 1945: Hexham
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Speaker Douglas Clifton Brown 16,431 58.23
Labour Ernest Kavanagh 11,786 41.77
Majority 4,645 16.46
Turnout 28,217 73.80
Speaker hold Swing
  • 1943: Douglas Clifton-Brown becomes Speaker of the House of Commons.

Elections in the 1930s

General election 1935: Hexham
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Douglas Clifton Brown 17,241 62.55
Labour Ernest Kinghorn 10,324 37.45
Majority 6,917 25.10
Turnout 27,565 75.92
Conservative hold Swing
General election 1931: Hexham
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Douglas Clifton Brown 20,578 73.14
Labour E. O. Dunnico 7,557 26.86
Majority 13,021 46.28
Turnout 28,135 79.21
Conservative hold Swing

Elections in the 1920s

General election 1929: Hexham
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Unionist Douglas Clifton Brown 11,069 39.1 −8.9
Liberal Francis Acland 9,103 32.2 +2.9
Labour Ernest Owen Dunnico 8,135 28.7 +6.0
Majority 1,966 6.9 −11.8
Turnout 28,307 80.2 −2.0
Registered electors 35,304
Unionist hold Swing −5.9
General election 1924: Hexham
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Unionist Douglas Clifton Brown 10,741 48.0 +4.0
Liberal Victor Finney 6,551 29.3 −26.7
Labour Charles Flynn 5,089 22.7 New
Majority 4,190 18.7 N/A
Turnout 22,381 82.2 +6.6
Registered electors 27,237
Unionist gain from Liberal Swing +15.4
General election 1923: Hexham
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Victor Finney 11,293 56.0 +25.0
Unionist Douglas Clifton Brown 8,887 44.0 −0.8
Majority 2,406 12.0 N/A
Turnout 20,180 75.6 −3.7
Registered electors 26,732
Liberal gain from Unionist Swing +12.9
General election 1922: Hexham
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Unionist Douglas Clifton Brown 9,369 44.8 −4.1
Liberal Victor Finney 6,486 31.0 +6.1
Labour George Shield 5,050 24.2 −2.0
Majority 2,883 13.8 −8.9
Turnout 20,905 79.3 +16.9
Registered electors 26,372
Unionist hold Swing −5.1

Elections in the 1910s

General election 1918: Hexham
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
C Unionist Douglas Clifton Brown 7,763 48.9 +3.1
Labour William Weir 4,168 26.2 New
Liberal Wentworth Beaumont 3,948 24.9 −29.3
Majority 3,595 22.7 N/A
Turnout 15,879 62.4 −21.0
Registered electors 25,341
Unionist gain from Liberal Swing +16.2
C indicates candidate endorsed by the coalition government.

General Election 1914–15:

Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1915. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place and by July 1914, the following candidates had been selected:

General election December 1910: Hexham [34][35]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Richard Durning Holt 5,124 54.2 −1.2
Conservative Alfred Henry Chaytor 4,334 45.8 +1.2
Majority 790 8.4 −2.4
Turnout 9,458 83.4 −3.9
Registered electors 11,335
Liberal hold Swing −1.2
General election January 1910: Hexham [34][35]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Richard Durning Holt 5,478 55.4 −6.0
Conservative Charles Loftus Bates 4,417 44.6 +6.0
Majority 1,061 10.8 −12.0
Turnout 9,895 87.3 +4.2
Registered electors 11,335
Liberal hold Swing −6.0

Elections in the 1900s

1907 Hexham by-election[34]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Richard Durning Holt 5,401 56.0 −5.4
Conservative Charles Loftus Bates 4,244 44.0 +5.4
Majority 1,157 12.0 −10.8
Turnout 9,645 86.8 +3.7
Registered electors 11,116
Liberal hold Swing −5.4
General election 1906: Hexham [34][36]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Wentworth Beaumont 5,632 61.4 +10.3
Conservative Nathaniel George Clayton 3,547 38.6 −10.3
Majority 2,085 22.8 +20.6
Turnout 9,179 83.1 +3.5
Registered electors 11,049
Liberal hold Swing +10.3
General election 1900: Hexham [34][36][37]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Wentworth Beaumont 4,197 51.1 −1.5
Liberal Unionist Charles Howard 4,011 48.9 +1.5
Majority 186 2.2 −3.0
Turnout 8,208 79.6 −2.2
Registered electors 10,310
Liberal hold Swing −1.5

Elections in the 1890s

General election 1895: Hexham [34][36][37]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Wentworth Beaumont 4,438 52.6 +3.1
Conservative Charles Edward Hunter 4,003 47.4 −3.1
Majority 435 5.2 N/A
Turnout 8,441 81.8 +0.4
Registered electors 10,316
Liberal gain from Conservative Swing +3.1
1893 Hexham by-election[34][36]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Miles MacInnes 4,804 52.4 +2.9
Conservative Richard Clayton 4,358 47.6 −2.9
Majority 446 4.8 N/A
Turnout 9,162 87.3 +5.9
Registered electors 10,494
Liberal gain from Conservative Swing +2.9
  • Caused after the 1892 result was declared void on petition.
General election 1892: Hexham [34][36]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative *Nathaniel George Clayton 4,092 50.5 +7.0
Liberal Miles MacInnes 4,010 49.5 −7.0
Majority 82 1.0 N/A
Turnout 8,102 81.4 +9.1
Registered electors 9,954
Conservative gain from Liberal Swing +7.0
  • Clayton was unseated on petition

Elections in the 1880s

General election 1886: Hexham [34][36]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Miles MacInnes 4,177 56.5 −2.1
Conservative Viscount Melgund 3,220 43.5 +2.1
Majority 957 13.0 −4.2
Turnout 7,397 72.3 −14.2
Registered electors 10,237
Liberal hold Swing -2.1
General election 1885: Hexham [34][36][38]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Miles MacInnes 5,193 58.6
Conservative Matthew Ridley 3,663 41.4
Majority 1,530 17.2
Turnout 8,856 86.5
Registered electors 10,237
Liberal win (new seat)

See also

Notes

  1. ^ A county constituency (for the purposes of election expenses and type of returning officer)

References

Specific
  1. ^ "The 2023 Review of Parliamentary Constituency Boundaries in England – Volume two: Constituency names, designations and composition – North East". Boundary Commission for England. Retrieved 3 July 2024.
  2. ^ a b Great Britain, Incorporated Council of Law Reporting for England and Wales. The public general acts. unknown library. Proprietors of the Law Journal Reports, 1884. p. 167.
  3. ^ Waller, Robert; Criddle, Byron (2007). The Almanac of British Politics. Taylor & Francis. p. 538. ISBN 9780415378246.
  4. ^ "OS Maps – online and App mapping system | Ordnance Survey Shop". getamap.ordnancesurvey.co.uk.
  5. ^ "2011 census interactive maps". Archived from the original on 29 January 2016.
  6. ^ "EU referendum: Constituency results". House of Commons Library.
  7. ^ "Election seats to watch". The Guardian. 30 March 2001. Retrieved 13 April 2022.
  8. ^ Fraser, Hugh (1918). The Representation of the People Act, 1918: with explanatory notes. London: Sweet and Maxwell.
  9. ^ Craig, Fred W. S. (1972). Boundaries of parliamentary constituencies 1885–1972;. Chichester: Political Reference Publications. p. 25. ISBN 0-900178-09-4. OCLC 539011.
  10. ^ Craig, Fred W. S. (1972). Boundaries of parliamentary constituencies 1885–1972;. Chichester: Political Reference Publications. pp. 81, 139. ISBN 0-900178-09-4. OCLC 539011.
  11. ^ "Representation of the People Act 1948: Schedule 1", legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives, 1948 c. 65 (sch. 1), retrieved 28 February 2023
  12. ^ "The Parliamentary Constituencies (Blyth and Hexham) Order 1971. SI 1971/2107". Statutory Instruments 1971. Part III Section 2. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 1972. pp. 6217–6218.
  13. ^ "The Parliamentary Constituencies (England) Order 1983" (PDF). p. 62.
  14. ^ "The Parliamentary Constituencies (England) Order 1995". In the County of Northumberland.
  15. ^ "The Parliamentary Constituencies (England) Order 2007". In Northumberland.
  16. ^ "Northumberland | History, Facts, & Points of Interest | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 13 September 2022.
  17. ^ "The Parliamentary Constituencies Order 2023". Schedule 1 Part 4 North East region.
  18. ^ Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "H" (part 3)
  19. ^ "Hexham Parliamentary constituency". BBC News. Retrieved 5 July 2024.
  20. ^ "Hexham Parliamentary constituency". BBC News. BBC. Retrieved 24 November 2019.
  21. ^ "Election Data 2015". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
  22. ^ Daniel, Brian. "Lib Dem Jeff Reid to battle Tory MP Guy Opperman at general election – The Journal". www.thejournal.co.uk.
  23. ^ "Election Data 2010". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 26 July 2013. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
  24. ^ "BBC NEWS – Election 2010 – Hexham". BBC News.
  25. ^ "Election Data 2005". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  26. ^ "Election Data 2001". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  27. ^ "Election Data 1997". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  28. ^ "Election Data 1992". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  29. ^ "Politics Resources". Election 1992. Politics Resources. 9 April 1992. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 6 December 2010.
  30. ^ "Election Data 1987". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  31. ^ "Election Data 1983". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  32. ^ The Times' Guide to the House of Commons. 1951.
  33. ^ Newcastle Journal 12 March 1914
  34. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Craig, FWS, ed. (1974). British Parliamentary Election Results: 1885–1918. London: Macmillan Press. ISBN 9781349022984.
  35. ^ a b Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1916
  36. ^ a b c d e f g The Liberal Year Book, 1907
  37. ^ a b Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1901
  38. ^ Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1886
General

Craig, F. W. S. (1983). British parliamentary election results 1918–1949 (3 ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. ISBN 0-900178-06-X.

55°02′N 2°09′W / 55.03°N 2.15°W / 55.03; -2.15

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