Henson Gletscher Formation

Henson Gletscher Formation
Stratigraphic range: Cambrian
TypeFormation
Location
CountryGreenland
Type section
Named forHenson Gletscher

The Henson Gletscher Formation is a geologic formation in Greenland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cambrian period. It is named after the Henson Glacier (Greenland). It preserves numerous phosphatocopines and bradoriids, alongside priapulid larvae such as Inuitiphlaskus[1] and pentastomids like Dietericambria.[2]

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.

Paleobiota

Paleobiota
Genus Species Higher taxon Notes Images
Dietericambria D. hensoniensis Pentastomida The earliest pentastomid fossil known[2]
Perissopyge P. phenax Ptychopariida Also known from various other formations[3]
Eoagnostus E. roddyi[4] Agnostida
Pagetides P. elegans[4] Eodiscida
Fritzolenellus F. truemani[4] Olenelloidea
Ovatoryctocara O. yaxiensis, O. granulata[4] Oryctocephalidae
Arthricocephalus A. chauveaui[4] Oryctocephalidae
Lancastria L. plana[4] Oryctocephalidae
Protoryctocephalus P. arcticus[4][5] Oryctocephalidae
Eoptychoparia E. pearylandica[4] Ptychopariidae
Bonnia B. brennus[4] Dorypygidae
Neopagetina N. rjonsnitzkii[5] Hebediscidae
Haliplanktos H. jishouensis[5] Oryctocephalidae
Oryctocephalus O. indica[5] Oryctocephalidae Indicator for transition between Cambrian Series 2 and 3
Onchocephalus? O?. freucheni[5] Ptychopariida
Bathyuriscus B. sp Dolichometopidae Also known from the Burgess Shale[6]
Glossopleura G. walcotti Dolichometopidae Quite widespread across North America[6]
Kootenia K. nodosa[6] Dorypygidae May be synonymous with Olenoides?
Hartshillia H. inflata[6] Corynexochida
Olenoides O. sp[6] Dorypygidae One of the best-known trilobites thanks to fossils from the Burgess Shale
Bolaspidella B. sp[6] Ptychoparioidea
Ogygopsis O. klotzi, O. typicalis, O. batis, O. virgata[5][4][6] Dorypygidae Very common in the Burgess Shale, but rare elsewhere
Parasolenopleura P. aculeata[6] Solenopleuridae
Zacanthoides Z. blakeri[6][5] Corynexochida
Elrathia E. sp[6] Alokistocaridae Incredibly abundant in the Wheeler Shale
Syspacephalus S. spp Ptychopariidae Known from three separate undescribed species[6]
Eodiscus E. scanicus[6] Eodiscidae
Costadiscus C. minutus[6] Eodiscida
Mongolitubulus M. squamifer, M. reticulatus[7] Arthropoda Enigmatic sclerite taxon[8]
Navarana N. pearylandica Bradoriida Formerly assigned to Hipponicharion[9]
Liangshanella ?L. nivalis, L. qassutit[4][7] Bradoriida
Pseudindiana P. sipa[4] Phosphatocopida
Dabashanella D. retroswinga, D. longa, D?. lunaiformis[7] Phosphatocopida
Onychodictyon O. sp Lobopodia Known from complete fossils in the Maotianshan Shales[10]
Microdictyon M. robisoni[4] Lobopodia Widespread genus of lobopodian, mostly known from sclerites
Inuitiphlaskus I. kouchinskyi Priapulida A loricate (with lorica) priapulid larva[1]
Hadimopanella H. apicata Palaeoscolecida Enigmatic sclerite taxon[11]
Blastozoa/“Pelmatozoa” indet. Unapplicable Echinodermata Known from stem fragments and holdfasts[12][13]
Tarimspira T. artemi Paraconodontida Possibly the earliest paraconodont?[14]
Cambroctoconus C. koori Octocorallia? Only otherwise known from Asia[15]
Tavsenicoralla T. avannaa Eumetazoa Branching “corallimorph”, may be a bryozoan?[7]
Olivooides? O. sp Medusozoa Possibly known from very early embryonic stages[16]
Chancelloria C. sp Chancelloriidae An enigmatic fossil known mostly from sclerites
Allonnia A. tetrathallis, A. erromenosa[4], A. quadrucorniformis, A. rossica[7] Chancelloriidae An enigmatic fossil known mostly from sclerites
Thoracospongia T. lacrimiformis Amphidiscosida? Tentatively assigned to the family Stiodermatidae[17]
Dodecaactinella D. oncera Calcarea? Also known from the Ordovician[18]
Eiffelia E. floriformis Eiffeliidae Mainly known from the Burgess Shale[18]
Abnormisella A. inseperata Silicea Possibly the same as Speciosuspongia?[18]
Australispongia? A?. inuak Silicea Mainly known from other formations in Greenland[18]
Celtispongia C. dorte Silicea Possibly also known from China[18]
Cjulanciella C. asimmetrica Silicea Species name occasionally spelled as asymmetrica[18]
Kuonamia K. fusiformis Silicea Renamed from Disparella[18]
Sanningasoqia S. borealis Silicea Also found in the Holm Dal Formation[18]
Hertzina H. elongata[4] Protoconodonta
Amphigeisina A. danica[4] Protoconodonta
Hagionella H. cultrata[4] Protoconodonta
Gumella G. cuneata[4] Protoconodonta
Gapparodus G. bisulcatus[4] Protoconodonta
Paibiconus P. proarcuatus[7] Protoconodonta
Protowenella P. flemingi Orthothecida Previously thought to be a helcionelloid mollusc[19]
Conotheca C. hensoni[4] Circothecidae
Tulenicornus T. frykmani[4] Hyolithida
Slapylites S. sp[4] Hyolithida
Crestjahitus C. groenlandicus[7] Hyolithida
Yuku Y. tjurtu[7] Hyolithida
Nausakia N. thulensis Naukatida An unusual brachiopod with a hat-like lower valve[20]
Eoobolus E. priscus[4] Linguloidea
Acrothele A. sp[4] Acrotheloidea
Linnarssonia L. ?tuberculata Acrotretida
Tesella T. deplanata[7] Tommotiida
Hensoniconus H. siku Helcionelloidea Previously placed in the genus Scenella[21][22]
Vendrascospira V. frykmani, V. troelseni Helcionelloidea Formerly placed within Figurina[22]
Tavseniconus T. erectus Stenothecidae Also known from Morocco[22]
Dorispira D. accordionata, D. arguta, D. avannga, D. septentrionalis, D. tavsenensis, D. tippik, ?D. penecyrano Helcionelloidea A relatively widespread helcionelloid[22]
Parailsanella P. sp Helcionelloidea Only known from one internal mould in Henson Gletscher[22]
Sermeqiconus S. polaris Helcionelloidea Referred tentatively to Figurina[22]
Mellopegma M. chelata, M. georginense, M. schizocheras Stenothecidae Known from hundreds of specimens[22]
Erugoconus E. acuminatus Helcionelloidea Family uncertain[22]
Eotebenna E. arctica Helcionelloidea Only known otherwise from Australia[23]
Yochelcionella Y. greenlandica, Y. gracilis[24] Helcionelloidea Bears an unusual “snorkel” from the back of its shell
Nyboeconus N. robisoni Helcionelloidea Similar shells were formerly placed as enigmatic fossils[25]
Capitoconus C. borealis[4] Helcionelloidea
Coreospira C. sp[4] Helcionelloidea
Stenothecoides S. elongata, S. terraglaciei[26] Stenothecoidea Enigmatic shelled genus, maybe a brachiopod or mollusc[22]
Stenothecella S. sibirica Stenothecoidea Enigmatic shelled genus, maybe a brachiopod or mollusc[22]
Costipelagiella C. nevadense Pelagiellidae[22]
Hyolithellus H. micans[4] Hyolithelminthida
Torrelella T. sp[7] Hyolithelminthida
Coleoloides C. typicalis[7] Hyolithelminthida
Sphenothallus S. sp[7] Conulariida? Enigmatic holdfast, possibly a conulariid
Cambrocoryne C. lagenamorpha incertae sedis Bears some similarities to foraminiferans and sclerites of Wiwaxia[27]
Aetholicopalla A. adnata incertae sedis Resembles Archaeooides[7]
Laugephakos L. groenlandicus incertae sedis Resembles hyolithelminthids[7]
Hensonidendra H. hensoniensis, H. tavsenica incertae sedis Resembles bryozoans, “corallimorphs”, and epiphytaceans[7]
Eohyella E. spp Cyanobacteria Resembles modern Hyella[28]
Girvanella G. spp[7] Oscillatoriaceae
Subtiflora S. sp[7] Oscillatoriaceae
Epiphyton E. sp[7] Cyanobacteria

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Peel, J.S. (31 December 2022). "A priapulid larva from the middle Cambrian (Wuliuan Stage) of North Greenland (Laurentia)". Bulletin of Geosciences: 445–452. doi:10.3140/bull.geosci.1865.
  2. ^ a b Peel, John S. (3 April 2022). "The oldest tongue worm: a stem-group pentastomid arthropod from the early middle Cambrian (Wuliuan Stage) of North Greenland (Laurentia)". GFF. 144 (2): 97–105. doi:10.1080/11035897.2022.2064543.
  3. ^ Stein, Martin; Peel, John S. (June 2008). "Perissopyge (Trilobita) from the lower Cambrian (Series 2, Stage 4) of North America and Greenland". GFF. 130 (2): 71–78. doi:10.1080/11035890801302071.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa Peel, John S.; Streng, Michael; Geyer, Gerd; Kouchinsky, Artem; Skovsted, Christian B. (21 August 2020). "'Ovatoryctocara granulata' assemblage (Cambrian series 2-series 3 boundary) of Londal, North Greenland" (PDF). Australasian Palaeontological Memoirs (49): 241–282. doi:10.3316/informit.256947117876175.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g Geyer, G.; Peel, J.S. (30 September 2011). "The Henson Gletscher Formation, North Greenland, and its bearing on the global Cambrian Series 2–Series 3 boundary". Bulletin of Geosciences: 465–534. doi:10.3140/bull.geosci.1252.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Babcock, L.E (1 January 1994). "Systematics and phylogenetics of polymeroid trilobites from the Henson Gletscher and Kap Stanton formations (Middle Cambrian), North Greenland". Bulletin Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse. 169: 79–127. doi:10.34194/bullggu.v169.6727.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Peel, J. (13 April 2025). "Middle Cambrian (Wuliuan Stage) Small Shelly Fossils from North Greenland (Laurentia)". Bulletin of Geosciences: 1–56. doi:10.3140/bull.geosci.1912.
  8. ^ Skovsted, Christian B.; Peel, John S. (31 December 2001). "The problematic fossil Mongolitubulus from the Lower Cambrian of Greenland". Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark. 48: 135–147. doi:10.37570/bgsd-2001-48-07.
  9. ^ Peel, John S. (September 2017). "Systematics and biogeography of some early Cambrian (Series 2) bradoriids (Arthropoda) from Laurentia (Greenland)". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 54 (9): 961–972. doi:10.1139/cjes-2017-0101.
  10. ^ Topper, Timothy P.; Skovsted, Christian B.; Peel, John S.; Harper, David A.T. (October 2013). "Moulting in the lobopodian Onychodictyon from the lower Cambrian of Greenland". Lethaia. 46 (4): 490–495. doi:10.1111/let.12026.
  11. ^ Peel, J.S; Larsen, N.H (31 December 1984). "Hadimopanella apicata from the Lower Cambrian of western North Greenland". Rapport Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse. 121: 89–96. doi:10.34194/rapggu.v121.7875.
  12. ^ Clausen, Sebastien; Peel, John S. (September 2012). "Middle Cambrian echinoderm remains from the Henson Gletscher Formation of North Greenland". GFF. 134 (3): 173–200. doi:10.1080/11035897.2012.721003.
  13. ^ Peel, John S. (3 July 2017). "The oldest pelmatozoan encrusted hardground and holdfasts from Laurentia (Cambrian Series 2–3)". GFF. 139 (3): 195–204. doi:10.1080/11035897.2017.1347196.
  14. ^ Peel, John S. (January 2019). "Tarimspira from the Cambrian (Series 2, Stage 4) of Laurentia (Greenland): extending the skeletal record of paraconodontid vertebrates". Journal of Paleontology. 93 (1): 115–125. doi:10.1017/jpa.2018.68.
  15. ^ Peel, John S. (September 2017). "A problematic cnidarian ( Cambroctoconus ; Octocorallia?) from the Cambrian (Series 2–3) of Laurentia". Journal of Paleontology. 91 (5): 871–882. doi:10.1017/jpa.2017.49.
  16. ^ Peel, John S.; Willman, Sebastian (March 2022). "Cavity-dwelling microorganisms from the Ediacaran and Cambrian of North Greenland (Laurentia)". Journal of Paleontology. 96 (2): 243–255. doi:10.1017/jpa.2021.96.
  17. ^ Peel, John S. (3 July 2017). "First records from Laurentia of some middle Cambrian (Series 3) sponge spicules". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 41 (3): 306–314. doi:10.1080/03115518.2017.1282983.
  18. ^ a b c d e f g h Peel, John S. (3 April 2019). "Sponge spicule assemblages from the Cambrian (Series 2–3) of North Greenland (Laurentia): systematics and biogeography". GFF. 141 (2): 133–161. doi:10.1080/11035897.2019.1578261.
  19. ^ Peel, John S. (2 October 2021). "In-place operculum demonstrates that the Middle Cambrian Protowenella is a hyolith and not a mollusc". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 45 (4): 385–394. doi:10.1080/03115518.2021.2004225.
  20. ^ Streng, Michael; Butler, Aodhán D.; Peel, John S.; Garwood, Russell J.; Caron, Jean‐Bernard (March 2016). "A new family of Cambrian rhynchonelliformean brachiopods ( Order Naukatida) with an aberrant coral‐like morphology". Palaeontology. 59 (2): 269–293. doi:10.1111/pala.12226.
  21. ^ Peel, John S. (3 July 2023). "Muscle scars in Miaolingian helcionelloids from Laurentia and the diversity of muscle scar patterns in Cambrian univalve molluscs". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 47 (3): 221–233. doi:10.1080/03115518.2023.2243501.
  22. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Peel, John S.; Kouchinsky, Artem (22 April 2022). "Middle Cambrian (Miaolingian Series, Wuliuan Stage) molluscs and mollusc-like microfossils from North Greenland (Laurentia)". Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark. 70: 69–104. doi:10.37570/bgsd-2022-70-06.
  23. ^ Peel, John S. (1 July 1989). "A Lower Cambrian Eotebenna (Mollusca) from Arctic North America". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 26 (7): 1501–1503. doi:10.1139/e89-127.
  24. ^ Atkins, Christian J.; Benthe, H. F.; Haberland, G. (20 October 2004). "New species of Yochelcionella (Mollusca: Helcionelloida) from the Lower Cambrian of North Greenland". Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark. 51: 1–9. doi:10.37570/bgsd-2004-51-01.
  25. ^ Peel, J.S (1 January 1994). "An enigmatic cap-shaped fossil from the Middle Cambrian of North Greenland". Bulletin Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse. 169: 149–155. doi:10.34194/bullggu.v169.6729.
  26. ^ Peel, J.S. (1 October 2021). "Ontogeny, morphology and pedicle attachment of stenothecoids from the middle Cambrian of North Greenland (Laurentia)". Bulletin of Geosciences: 381–399. doi:10.3140/bull.geosci.1839.
  27. ^ Peel, J. S. (2023). "A phosphatised fossil Lagerstätte from the middle Cambrian (Wuliuan Stage) of North Greenland (Laurentia)". Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark. 72: 102–122. doi:10.37570/bgsd-2023-72-03. S2CID 259807172.
  28. ^ Stockfors, Martin; Peel, John S. (September 2005). "Endolithic Cyanobacteria from the Middle Cambrian of North Greenland". GFF. 127 (3): 179–185. doi:10.1080/11035890501273179.


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