Graniczna (river)

Graniczna
Graniczna near Podole Małe
Location
Country Poland
RegionPomeranian Voivodeship
Physical characteristics
SourceNorth of Borzęcino
 • coordinates54°24′57″N 17°14′49″E / 54.41583°N 17.24694°E / 54.41583; 17.24694
 • elevation78 m (256 ft) above sea level
Mouth 
 • location
Southeast of Żarkowo
 • coordinates
54°21′44″N 17°21′25″E / 54.36223°N 17.35706°E / 54.36223; 17.35706
 • elevation
61.2 m (201 ft) above sea level
Length10.7 km (6.6 mi)

Graniczna is a river in Poland,[1] located in Pomeranian Voivodeship, Słupsk County, and Gmina Dębnica Kaszubska, within the Polanów Upland. Stretching 10.7 km, it is a right-bank tributary of the Skotawa and lies within the buffer zone of the Słupia Valley Landscape Park. Between 2008 and 2009, the river was found to support populations of river trout, northern pike, European perch, and three-spined stickleback.

The Polish name Graniczna was officially adopted on 1 October 1948 by a decree from the Ministers of Public Administration and Recovered Territories, replacing the German names Grenzbach[2] or Grenz Bach.[3]

Location

Graniczna flows through Gmina Dębnica Kaszubska. It originates approximately 1 km north of the northern buildings of Borzęcino, at an elevation of about 78 m above sea level.[1][4] According to land and building records, the source section lies within the Brzeziniec cadastral area. For much of its course, the river forms the boundary between cadastral areas: Brzeziniec and Łabiszewo, Łabiszewo and Dobieszewo, Dobieszewo and Podole Małe, Podole Małe and Żarkowo, Żarkowo and Dobra, Dobra and Dębnica Kaszubska Forestry, and Dębnica Kaszubska Forestry and Gogolewo.[4] It flows into the Skotawa as a right-bank tributary, about 2 km southeast of Żarkowo's buildings, at an elevation of 61.2 m above sea level.[1][4]

In Poland's physiographic regionalization, Graniczna is situated in the Polanów Upland mesoregion, part of the West Pomeranian Lake Land macroregion.[5] This mesoregion features young glacial uplands, predominantly clayey, with undulating or flat terrain.[6][7]

The stream lies within the buffer zone of the Słupia Valley Landscape Park.[5]

Hydrology

Graniczna has a length of approximately 10.7 km.[8] In its middle course, it is about 1.5 m wide with an average depth of 0.3 m.[9] Within Poland's classification of uniform water bodies, its drainage basin is part of a larger unit numbered RW20002347266.[10]

Fish species

Between 2008 and 2009, Graniczna was home to river trout (Salmo trutta m. fario), northern pike (Esox lucius), European perch (Perca fluviatilis), and three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus).[9] The stickleback population declined significantly from 1998, with 96 individuals caught between 1998 and 1999 compared to only 15 between 2008 and 2009. River trout catches increased from 3 to 11 over the same period. The ninespine stickleback (Pungitius pungitius), observed between 2003 and 2004 with 12 individuals, was no longer present by 2008–2009.[9] Fishing is strictly prohibited in the river, and from 1 October to 31 December, it is designated a protected area.[11]

Economic and environmental role

Graniczna receives treated wastewater from the Borzęcino treatment plant via a drainage ditch, using mechanical-biological purification methods. In 2008, the discharged water had a chemical oxygen demand of 56.0 mg/L, a five-day biochemical oxygen demand of 29.5 mg/L, and total suspended solids of 33.0 mg/L.[12]

The stream is listed in a 17 December 2002 Council of Ministers regulation as significant for regulating water relations for agricultural purposes.[13]

The Graniczna valley, alongside the Skotawa valley, is a key area for the rapid spread of peat in the Dębnica Kaszubska municipality. Wet meadows along the stream form one of the largest such plant communities in the region.[14]

References

  1. ^ a b c Wolnicz-Pawłowska, Ewa; Duma, Jerzy; Rieger, Janusz; Czarnecka, Halina, eds. (2006). Hydronimy. Część 1. Wody płynące, źródła, wodospady [Hydronyms. Part 1. Flowing Waters, Springs, Waterfalls] (in Polish). Warsaw: Główny Urząd Geodezji i Kartografii. p. 79. ISBN 83-85579-07-9.
  2. ^ "Rozporządzenie Ministrów Administracji Publicznej i Ziem Odzyskanych z dnia 1 października 1948 r. o przywróceniu i ustaleniu urzędowych nazw miejscowości" [Decree of the Ministers of Public Administration and Recovered Territories of 1 October 1948 on the Restoration and Establishment of Official Place Names]. Monitor Polski (in Polish) (78): 692. 1 October 1948.
  3. ^ Mapa Taktyczna Polski skala 1:100 000 (1924–1939). Arkusz 67 – Stolp (Słupsk) [Tactical Map of Poland, Scale 1:100,000 (1924–1939). Sheet 67 – Stolp (Słupsk)] (Map) (in Polish). Warsaw: Instytut Wojskowo-Geograficzny. 1921.
  4. ^ a b c "Geoportal Polskiej Infrastruktury Informacji Przestrzennej" [Geoportal of Polish Spatial Information Infrastructure]. Geoportal.gov.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 11 June 2025.
  5. ^ a b "Geoserwis Generalnej Dyrekcji Ochrony Środowiska" [Geoservice of the General Directorate for Environmental Protection]. Geoserwis.gdos.gov.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 11 June 2025.
  6. ^ Kondracki, Jerzy (2014). Geografia regionalna Polski [Regional Geography of Poland] (in Polish). Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN. p. 46. ISBN 978-83-01-16022-7.
  7. ^ Kondracki, Jerzy; Richling, Andrzej (1994). Regiony fizycznogeograficzne [Physiographic Regions] (Map). 1:1,500,000 (in Polish). Warsaw: Główny Geodeta Kraju.
  8. ^ Zasoby przyrodnicze dorzecza Słupi i Łupawy [Natural Resources of the Słupia and Łupawa River Basins] (in Polish). Słupsk: Związek Miast i Gmin Dorzecza Rzeki Słupi i Łupawy. 2002. ISBN 83-87-30233-3.
  9. ^ a b c Dębowski, Piotr; Radtke, Grzegorz; Miller, Marcin; Bernaś, Rafał; Skóra, Michał (2013). "Zmiany w ichtiofaunie dorzecza Słupi w okresie od 1998 do 2009 roku" [Changes in the Ichthyofauna of the Słupia River Basin from 1998 to 2009] (PDF). Roczniki Naukowe Polskiego Związku Wędkarskiego (in Polish): 65–97. ISSN 0860-648X. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 February 2017.
  10. ^ "Rozporządzenie Dyrektora Regionalnego Zarządu Gospodarki Wodnej w Gdańsku z dnia 29 grudnia 2016 r. w sprawie przyjęcia Planu utrzymania wód w regionie wodnym Dolnej Wisły" [Regulation of the Director of the Regional Water Management Board in Gdańsk of 29 December 2016 on the Adoption of the Water Maintenance Plan in the Lower Vistula Water Region] (PDF). Dziennik Urzędowy Województwa Pomorskiego (in Polish). 30 December 2016. Retrieved 11 June 2025.
  11. ^ "Wykaz wód ZO PZW w Słupsku udostępnionych do wędkowania objętych rejestracją połowów wędkarskich oraz zasady wędkowania. Wody rzek zaliczanych do wód "górskich" (Kraina pstrąga i lipienia)" [List of Waters of the Słupsk PZW District Available for Fishing with Registered Catches and Fishing Regulations. Waters Classified as "Mountain" Waters (Trout and Grayling Zone)]. Polski Związek Wędkarski Słupsk (in Polish). 20 December 2016. Archived from the original on 18 March 2020.
  12. ^ Bejnarowicz, Tadeusz; Klemiato, Mirosław; Kaczmarek, Joanna; Cieszyński, Marcin (2008). "Załącznik do Uchwały nr XXX/196/2009 Rady Gminy Dębnica Kaszubska z dnia 23.04.2009 roku w sprawie uchwalenia "Programu Ochrony Środowiska Gminy Dębnica Kaszubska". Program Ochrony Środowiska Gminy Dębnica Kaszubska" [Annex to Resolution No. XXX/196/2009 of the Dębnica Kaszubska Municipal Council of 23 April 2009 on the Adoption of the "Environmental Protection Program of Gmina Dębnica Kaszubska". Environmental Protection Program of Gmina Dębnica Kaszubska]. ug.debnicakaszubska.ibip.pl (in Polish). p. 39. Archived from the original on 9 March 2020.
  13. ^ "Rozporządzenie Rady Ministrów z dnia 17 grudnia 2002 r. w sprawie śródlądowych wód powierzchniowych lub części stanowiących własność publiczną" [Council of Ministers Regulation of 17 December 2002 on Inland Surface Waters or Parts Constituting Public Property]. Dziennik Ustaw (in Polish) (16): 149. 2003.
  14. ^ "Studium uwarunkowań i kierunków zagospodarowania przestrzennego gminy Dębnica Kaszubska. Uwarunkowania zagospodarowania przestrzennego" [Study of Conditions and Directions for Spatial Development of Gmina Dębnica Kaszubska. Spatial Development Conditions]. ug.debnicakaszubska.ibip.pl (in Polish). 2011. Archived from the original on 15 November 2017.
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