Francisco Javier de Céspedes

Francisco Javier de Jesús de Céspedes y López del Castillo was a Cuban revolutionary soldier, politician, Vice President, and President of the Cuban Republic in Arms. He was the brother of Carlos Manuel de Céspedes, often regarded as the "Father of the Homeland."^[1] He assumed the presidency following the capture of Tomás Estrada Palma and served until the House of Representatives elected Major General Vicente García as his successor on December 10, 1877.^[2] His presidency occurred in the final phase of the war, during a time of internal divisions and declining revolutionary momentum.^[2][3] Holding the rank of Major General in the Liberation Army, he had previously served as Secretary of Foreign Affairs under Estrada Palma's administration.^[1] His tenure as interim leader, lasting from October 23 to December 13, 1877, was brief but dedicated to maintaining morale and reinforcing confidence in the nation’s future.^[1]