Foreign-born population of Australia

In 2020, 29.1% of the Australian resident population, or 7,502,000 people, were born overseas.[1]

International comparison

Further information: List of sovereign states and dependent territories by immigrant population, List of countries by net migration rate, and Immigration to Australia

Australia has one of the highest amounts of foreign-born residents in the world (both in total numbers, and per capita), as well as one of the highest immigration rates in the world.

Immigrants account for 30% of the population, the highest proportion among major Western nations.[2][3]

In 2015, Australia had the 8th highest foreign-born population in the world, behind Canada but ahead of France (both countries had very close numbers to Australia). The United States was ranked 1st, with over 46 million foreign-born residents. The over 8.6 million immigrants in Australia constituted 3.1% of all immigrants in the world.

For foreign-born residents per capita, Australia was ranked the 11th highest sovereign country ahead of Lebanon and behind Jordan (both countries experienced a large influx of refugees from the civil war in neighbouring Syria). Vatican City was 1st, its population of 800 were 100% foreign-born. If dependent territories (e.g.: Guam, Macau, Channel Islands) were included, then Australia's rank would fall to 27th.

From 2010 to 2015, Australia had the 14th highest net migration rate in the world. For 2015–2020, Australia's migration rate was projected to fall (statistics published in 2019), however the country's rank was expected to remain steady at 14th due to similar falls in other countries.

Population by country of birth

The following table shows Australia's population by country of birth as estimated by the Australian Bureau of Statistics in 2024. It shows only countries or regions of birth with a population of over 100,000 residing in Australia.

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics (2024)[4]
Place of birth Estimated
resident
population[A]
Total Australian-born 18,617,690
Total foreign-born 8,576,680
England[B] 963,650
India 916,330
China[C] 700,120
New Zealand 617,960
Philippines 394,380
Vietnam 318,760
South Africa 224,160
Nepal 197,800
Malaysia 183,490
Sri Lanka 172,800
Italy 156,070
Pakistan 134,720
Scotland 124,880
Hong Kong[C] 124,550
Indonesia 120,160
South Korea 119,190
United States 118,000
Thailand 114,280
Iraq 109,600
Ireland 103,080
Germany 102,960
Lebanon 97,500
Fiji 92,550
Iran 91,580
Greece 90,100
Afghanistan 88,730
Bangladesh 73,660
Brazil 72,920
Singapore 70,700
Colombia 70,010
Taiwan 68,400
Netherlands 65,440
Japan 59,710
Canada 59,650
Zimbabwe 50,440
North Macedonia 49,410
Croatia 48,650
Egypt 48,480
Poland 47,680
Myanmar 46,790
Türkiye 46,150
France 46,040
Cambodia 45,880
Chile 39,900
Samoa 38,850
Bhutan 37,530
PNG 37,150
Syria 36,610
Kenya 35,780
Malta 35,130
Russia 31,620
Wales 31,230
Bosnia and Herzegovina 30,350
Mauritius 29,950
Argentina 29,690
Serbia 29,390
Northern Ireland 25,920
Ukraine 21,360
Spain 21,100
Nigeria 20,620
Tonga 19,730
Sudan 18,860
United Arab Emirates 18,250
Portugal 18,190
Ethiopia 17,660
Cyprus 16,970
Hungary 16,750
Peru 16,470
Saudi Arabia 16,440
Romania 16,160
Mongolia 15,290
Timor-Leste 14,060
Austria 13,890
 Switzerland 13,630
Israel 12,620
Laos 12,610
Sweden 11,930
El Salvador 11,220
Czech Republic 10,840
Uruguay 10,380
Mexico 9,980
Somalia 9,660
Jordan 9,640
Denmark 9,360
Ghana 9,310
South Sudan 9,090
Vanuatu 9,020
Zambia 8,730
Kuwait 8,720
Democratic Republic of the Congo 8,520
Venezuela 8,480
Solomon Islands 8,190
Belgium 8,160
Finland 8,050
Cook Islands 7,930
Slovakia 6,860
Eritrea 6,830
Slovenia 5,510
Ecuador 5,380
Uganda 5,360
Tanzania 5,090
Sierra Leone 4,260
Norway 4,250
Albania 4,170
Estonia 3,960
Bulgaria 3,930
Liberia 3,720
Brunei 3,560
Burundi 3,450
Latvia 3,380
Lithuania 3,280
Macau 3,250
Palestine 3,120
Qatar 3,040
Morocco 2,930
Kazakhstan 2,910
Libya 2,810
Seychelles 2,680
Uzbekistan 2,670
Belarus 2,610
Republic of the Congo 2,560
Bahrain 2,520
Oman 2,250
Kiribati 2,210
Malawi 2,040
Namibia 1,970
Botswana 1,930
Trinidad and Tobago 1,890
Kosovo 1,800
Algeria 1,740
Montenegro 1,720
New Caledonia 1,690
Moldova 1,530
Armenia 1,510
Rwanda 1,500
Jersey 1,490
Yemen 1,390
Jamaica 1,350
Bolivia 1,310
Guinea 1,150
Mozambique 1,100
Cuba 1,050
Niue 1,000
Isle of Man 930
Georgia (country) 920
Nauru 910
Nicaragua 900
Guatemala 880
Guernsey 860
Azerbaijan 850
Tunisia 840
Maldives 800
Kyrgyzstan 770
Cameroon 750
Paraguay 710
Costa Rica 700
Ivory Coast 690
Norfolk Island 620
Bermuda 620
Tokelau 610
Guyana 580
Angola 580
French Polynesia 540
Honduras 540
American Samoa 530
Senegal 500
Tuvalu 470
Gibraltar 460
Barbados 430
Iceland 420
Madagascar 380
Eswatini 380
Panama 370
Dominican Republic 350
Togo 350
Luxembourg 330
Bahamas 310
Central African Republic 270
Tajikistan 250
Puerto Rico 240
Réunion 230
Djibouti 210
Cayman Islands 200
Lesotho 180
Turkmenistan 170
Suriname 160
Curaçao 160
Haiti 150
Gambia 150
Guam 140
Grenada 140
Chad 140
Monaco 110
Benin 100
Falkland Islands 90
Belize 80
Aruba 80
Saint Lucia 80
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 70
Burkina Faso 70
Antigua and Barbuda 60
Gabon 60
Mali 60
Marshall Islands 50
North Korea 50
Martinique 50
Saint Kitts and Nevis 50
Cape Verde 50
Mauritania 50
Dominica 40
Guadeloupe 40
Saint Helena 40
Northern Mariana Islands 30
Palau 30
Greenland 30
Andorra 30
French Guiana 30
Guinea-Bissau 30
Niger 30
Comoros 30
Micronesia 20
Faroe Islands 20
British Virgin Islands 20
United States Virgin Islands 20
Equatorial Guinea 20
São Tomé and Príncipe 20
Wallis and Futuna 10
Liechtenstein 10
Åland Islands 10
San Marino 10
Western Sahara 10
Montserrat 10
Sint Maarten 10
  1. ^ Only countries with 100,000 or more are listed here.
  2. ^ The Australian Bureau of Statistics source lists England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland separately although they are all part of the United Kingdom. These should not be combined as they are not combined in the source.
  3. ^ a b In accordance with the Australian Bureau of Statistics source, Mainland China, Taiwan and the Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau are listed separately.

Historical populations by country of birth

The following table shows Australia's population by country of birth during historical census years. The top 100 countries are shown.

Rank Place of birth Estimated resident population,
2001 census[2] 		Estimated resident population,
2006 census[2] 		Estimated resident population,
2011 census [5] 		Estimated resident population,
2016 census[6] 		Estimated resident population,
2021 census[7] 		% Change 2006-2021 Rank movement 2006-2021
1  Australia 13,629,685 14,072,946 15,017,846 15,614,834 17,019,815 20.9%
2  England 847,365 856,939 911,593 907,568 927,490 8.2%
3  India 95,452 147,106 295,362 455,385 673,352 357.7% 4
4  mainland China 142,780 206,588 318,969 509,558 549,618 166.0%
5  New Zealand 355,765 389,465 483,398 518,462 530,492 36.2% 2
6  Philippines 103,942 120,540 171,233 232,391 293,892 143.8% 3
7  Vietnam 154,831 159,850 185,039 219,351 257,997 61.4% 1
8  South Africa 79,425 104,132 145,683 162,450 189,207 81.7% 4
9  Malaysia 78,858 92,335 116,196 138,363 165,616 79.4% 4
10  Italy 218,718 199,124 185,402 174,042 163,326 18.0% 5
11  Sri Lanka 53,461 62,256 86,412 109,850 131,904 111.9% 6
12    Nepal 4,566 24,635 54,757 122,506 2583.0% 69
13  Scotland 137,252 130,206 133,432 119,416 118,496 5.0% 9
14  South Korea 38,900 52,763 74,538 98,775 102,092 93.5% 5
15  United States 53,694 61,721 77,009 86,126 101,309 64.1% 3
16  Germany 108,220 106,524 108,002 102,594 101,255 4.9% 5
17  Hong Kong 67,122 71,803 74,955 86,886 100,148 39.5% 1
18  Iraq 24,832 32,520 48,169 67,353 92,922 185.7% 11
19  Greece 116,431 109,990 99,938 93,740 92,314 16.1% 9
20  Pakistan 16,993 30,221 61,918 89,633 427.5% 30
21  Lebanon 71,349 74,849 76,450 78,649 87,340 16.7% 6
22  Indonesia 47,158 50,974 63,159 73,218 87,075 70.8%
23  Thailand 23,600 30,554 45,464 66,228 83,779 174.2% 9
24  Ireland 50,235 50,256 67,318 74,891 80,927 61.0% 1
25  Iran 22,549 34,454 58,112 70,899 214.4% 15
26  Fiji 44,261 48,142 56,978 61,472 68,947 43.2% 2
27  Netherlands 83,324 78,924 76,046 70,172 66,481 15.8% 13
28  Singapore 33,485 39,972 48,647 54,934 61,056 52.7% 1
29  Afghanistan 16,751 28,598 46,799 59,797 257.0% 22
30  Bangladesh 16,096 27,808 42,420 51,491 219.9% 22
31  Canada 27,289 31,614 38,871 43,053 50,223 58.9% 1
32  Taiwan 24,370 28,627 46,822 49,511 103.2% 5
33  Brazil 7,493 14,508 27,625 46,720 523.5% 38
34  Poland 58,110 52,254 48,677 45,370 45,884 12.2% 14
35  Japan 30,778 35,377 42,420 45,267 47.1% 4
36  Croatia 51,909 50,996 48,828 43,687 43,302 15.1% 15
37  Egypt 33,496 36,532 39,776 43,213 29.0% 9
38  North Macedonia 43,527 40,656 40,222 38,986 41,786 2.8% 12
39  Zimbabwe 20,155 30,251 34,789 39,714 97.0% 4
40  Myanmar 12,378 21,760 32,656 39,171 216.5% 18
41  Cambodia 24,528 28,329 33,152 39,043 59.2% 5
42  Turkey 29,821 30,490 32,844 32,183 38,568 26.5% 9
43  France 17,268 19,186 24,675 31,120 36,019 87.7% 1
44  Malta 46,998 43,700 41,274 37,609 35,413 19.0% 19
45  Colombia 5,709 11,317 18,991 35,033 513.6% 31
46  Papua New Guinea 24,021 26,787 28,803 29,984 24.8% 8
47  Chile 23,304 24,936 26,082 29,860 28.1% 8
48  Wales 25,313 28,675 28,046 29,250 15.6% 14
49  Syria 6,968 8,391 15,324 29,096 317.6% 24
50  Samoa 15,240 19,092 24,016 28,107 84.4% 4
51  Bosnia and Herzegovina 24,631 25,682 23,959 26,171 6.3% 16
52  Mauritius 18,173 23,279 24,324 25,981 43.0% 5
53  Serbia 17,327 20,205 20,267 25,454 46.9% 4
54  Russia 15,354 18,277 20,429 23,864 55.4% 1
55  Northern Ireland 21,296 22,596 23,020 22,995 8.0% 14
56  Kenya 9,935 13,831 17,654 22,348 124.9% 6
57  Argentina 11,368 11,985 13,343 17,977 58.1% 3
58  Spain 12,276 13,056 15,391 17,281 40.8% 1
59  Portugal 15,194 15,328 15,806 17,050 12.2% 4
60  Cyprus 18,383 18,070 16,936 16,737 9.0% 14
61  Hungary 20,161 19,091 17,899 16,655 17.4% 19
62  Sudan 19,049 19,370 17,029 16,609 12.8% 17
63  Romania 13,878 14,050 14,387 15,268 10.0% 7
64  Austria 17,927 17,010 15,390 14,403 19.7% 16
65  Ethiopia 5,634 8,452 11,791 14,092 150.1% 12
66  Ukraine 13,666 13,990 13,366 14,055 2.8% 9
67  United Arab Emirates 2,974 4,898 8,226 13,063 339.2% 22
68   Switzerland 11,261 11,942 12,128 13,017 15.6% 7
69  Nigeria 2,500 4,519 8,487 12,883 415.3% 25
70  Tonga 7,582 9,209 9,967 12,260 61.7% 1
71  Bhutan 139 2,455 5,953 12,002 8534.5% 97
72  Saudi Arabia 3,482 10,517 12,578 11,684 235.6% 14
73  Peru 6,322 8,440 9,554 11,531 82.4% 1
74  Israel 7,788 9,228 9,820 11,035 41.7% 6
75  Laos 9,375 9,932 10,401 10,948 16.8% 10
76  Sweden 7,499 8,353 9,554 10,847 44.6% 6
77  El Salvador 9,397 9,651 9,573 10,119 7.7% 14
78  Timor-Leste 0 0 9,225 9,242 9,761 N/A 119
79  Uruguay 9,381 9,237 8,992 9,205 1.9% 15
80  Denmark 8,967 9,026 8,790 8,874 1.0% 14
81  South Sudan 0 0 3,486 7,697 8,255 NA 116
82  Somalia 4,314 5,686 7,668 8,101 87.8%
83  Jordan 3,719 4,620 5,914 7,959 114.0% 1
84  Finland 7,947 7,939 7,711 7,831 1.5% 17
85  Czech Republic 7,179 7,438 7,705 7,776 8.3% 13
86  Belgium 5,061 5,762 6,377 7,203 42.3% 7
87  Cook Islands 5,027 6,091 6,830 7,112 41.5% 7
88  Zambia 4,078 5,537 6,237 6,847 67.9% 5
89  Mexico 1,802 3,255 4,871 6,845 279.9% 13
90  Kuwait 2,876 4,060 6,016 6,815 137.0%
91  Venezuela 1,539 3,404 5,460 6,627 330.6% 13
92  Ghana 2,769 3,866 5,283 6,322 128.3% 1
93  DR Congo 618 2,575 4,095 6,148 894.8% 38
94  Eritrea 2,015 2,841 4,301 5,629 179.4% 4
95  Mongolia 243 667 2,274 5,397 2121.0% 60
96  Slovenia 6,220 6,099 5,556 5,076 18.4% 21
97  Slovakia 3,323 3,939 4,428 4,781 43.9% 10
98  Tanzania 2,300 3,437 3,831 4,371 90.0% 2
99  Uganda 1,712 2,675 3,368 4,163 143.2% 4
100  Bulgaria 2,677 2,915 3,287 3,718 38.9% 8

Foreign-born population by state/territory

As per the 2016 Census, while 6 out of every 10 migrants live in Victoria or New South Wales, there had been a noticeable increase in the number of migrants that settled down Western Australia and Queensland.

In 2016, among all the capital cities in Australia, Sydney – at 1,773,496 – had the highest overseas-born population. Melbourne, on the other hand, had 1,520,253 overseas-born individuals living in the city as per the 2016 Census. Perth, with 702,545 in 2016, came in at the third spot on the list of cities with the highest number of overseas-born population.2

According to the 2016 Census, among all the Australian states and territories, Western Australia had the largest population of overseas-born individuals.

New South Wales

The following table shows New South Wales' population by country of birth during historical census years. The top 10 countries are shown.

Rank Place of birth Estimated resident population,
2006 census[2] 		Estimated resident population,
2011 census [5] 		Estimated resident population,
2016 census[6] 		Estimated resident population,
2021 census[7] 		% Change 2006-2021 Rank movement 2006-2021
1  Australia 4,521,157 4,747,374 4,899,091 5,277,497 16.7%
2  mainland China 114,044 156,034 234,506 247,595 117.1% 1
3  England 218,837 227,521 226,561 231,385 5.7% 1
4  India 57,155 95,387 143,459 208,962 265.6% 3
5  New Zealand 106,614 114,230 117,138 118,527 11.2% 1
6  Philippines 57,719 70,388 86,752 106,930 85.3%
7  Vietnam 63,791 71,838 84,129 97,995 53.6% 2
8    Nepal 3,095 15,296 32,122 64,946 2000.0% 62
9  Lebanon 55,778 56,295 57,375 63,293 13.5% 1
10  Iraq 20,531 29,342 40,276 55,353 169.6% 10

Victoria

The following table shows Victoria's population by country of birth during historical census years. The top 10 countries are shown.

Rank Place of birth Estimated resident population,
2006 census[2] 		Estimated resident population,
2011 census [5] 		Estimated resident population,
2016 census[6] 		Estimated resident population,
2021 census[7] 		% Change 2006-2021 Rank movement 2006-2021
1  Australia 3,434,472 3,670,934 3,845,494 4,228,667 23.1%
2  India 52,852 111,787 169,808 258,193 388.5% 7
3  England 163,957 172,068 171,444 174,552 6.5% 1
4  mainland China 56,564 93,896 160,652 171,447 203.1% 2
5  New Zealand 63,995 80,234 93,254 99,344 55.2% 1
6  Vietnam 58,873 68,296 80,790 93,598 59.0% 1
7  Philippines 27,338 38,002 51,287 68,463 150.4% 6
8  Sri Lanka 31,480 43,991 55,833 68,066 116.2% 1
9  Italy 82,851 76,908 70,530 64,796 21.8% 6
10  Malaysia 30,474 39,790 50,048 62,662 105.6%

Queensland

The following table shows Queensland's population by country of birth during historical census years. The top 10 countries are shown.

Rank Place of birth Estimated resident population,
2006 census[2] 		Estimated resident population,
2011 census [5] 		Estimated resident population,
2016 census[6] 		Estimated resident population,
2021 census[7] 		% Change 2006-2021 Rank movement 2006-2021
1  Australia 2,935,258 3,192,114 3,343,659 3,679,899 25.4%
2  New Zealand 148,761 192,036 201,202 208,572 40.2% 1
3  England 161,421 179,495 180,775 191,731 18.8% 1
4  India 10,973 30,259 49,144 71,819 554.4% 10
5  mainland China 15,058 27,036 47,111 55,762 270.3% 4
6  Philippines 18,711 29,462 39,656 51,529 175.4% 1
7  South Africa 22,714 35,549 40,133 49,699 118.8% 3
8  Vietnam 13,086 16,269 19,547 24,455 86.9% 3
9  Scotland 22,446 24,057 21,881 22,756 1.4% 4
10  Germany 20,111 21,027 20,387 20,981 4.3% 4

South Australia

The following table shows South Australia's population by country of birth during historical census years. The top 10 countries are shown.

Rank Place of birth Estimated resident population,
2006 census[2] 		Estimated resident population,
2011 census [5] 		Estimated resident population,
2016 census[6] 		Estimated resident population,
2021 census[7] 		% Change 2006-2021 Rank movement 2006-2021
1  Australia 1,120,083 1,170,789 1,192,549 1,273,353 13.7%
2  England 101,497 102,681 97,392 95,248 6.2%
3  India 6,827 18,739 27,592 44,881 557.4% 8
4  mainland China 8,076 15,932 24,609 25,709 218.4% 5
5  Vietnam 10,546 12,025 14,338 17,033 61.6% 3
6  Italy 22,485 20,708 18,537 16,653 25.9% 3
7  Philippines 5,441 8,858 12,460 15,503 184.9% 7
8  New Zealand 11,364 12,848 12,933 13,461 18.5% 2
9  Scotland 14,291 13,902 11,991 11,470 19.7% 5
10  Germany 11,969 11,410 10,118 9,489 20.7% 5

Western Australia

The following table shows Western Australia's population by country of birth during historical census years. The top 10 countries are shown.

Rank Place of birth Estimated resident population,
2006 census[2] 		Estimated resident population,
2011 census [5] 		Estimated resident population,
2016 census[6] 		Estimated resident population,
2021 census[7] 		% Change 2006-2021 Rank movement 2006-2021
1  Australia 1,279,222 1,407,808 1,492,841 1,648,794 28.9%
2  England 174,191 191,932 194,164 196,885 13.0%
3  New Zealand 47,331 70,734 79,222 75,591 59.7%
4  India 15,156 29,915 49,384 61,088 303.2% 4
5  South Africa 22,050 35,326 41,008 44,889 103.6%
6  Philippines 6,831 17,231 30,835 37,524 449.3% 10
7  Malaysia 19,719 24,967 29,124 32,282 63.7%
8  mainland China 8,004 16,692 27,077 28,415 255.0% 6
9  Scotland 24,418 27,185 26,059 26,146 7.1% 5
10  Italy 20,934 19,477 19,204 18,175 13.2% 4

Tasmania

The following table shows Tasmania's population by country of birth during historical census years. The top 10 countries are shown.

Rank Place of birth Estimated resident population,
2006 census[2] 		Estimated resident population,
2011 census [5] 		Estimated resident population,
2016 census[6] 		Estimated resident population,
2021 census[7] 		% Change 2006-2021 Rank movement 2006-2021
1  Australia 396,659 414,260 411,490 440,809 11.1%
2  England 18,921 19,468 18,778 19,283 1.9%
3  mainland China 962 1,914 3,031 6,830 610.0% 7
4    Nepal 21 294 810 6,219 29,514.3% 90
5  India 804 1,468 1,980 6,137 663.3% 8
6  New Zealand 4,158 4,927 4,980 5,483 31.9% 3
7  Philippines 960 1,267 1,616 2,441 154.3% 4
8  Scotland 2,693 2,715 2,283 2,280 15.3% 4
9  Netherlands 2,435 2,376 2,196 2,136 12.3% 4
10  South Africa 1,069 1,512 1,521 2,089 95.4% 2

Australian Capital Territory

The following table shows the ACT's population by country of birth during historical census years. The top 10 countries are shown.

Rank Place of birth Estimated resident population,
2006 census[2] 		Estimated resident population,
2011 census [5] 		Estimated resident population,
2016 census[6] 		Estimated resident population,
2021 census[7] 		% Change 2006-2021 Rank movement 2006-2021
1  Australia 236,459 255,052 270,036 306,896 29.8%
2  India 2,738 5,887 10,414 17,203 528.2% 3
3  England 12,995 13,048 12,758 13,245 1.9% 1
4  mainland China 3,544 6,591 11,348 12,149 242.7%
5    Nepal 69 287 766 5,689 8,145.0% 81
6  New Zealand 3,915 4,386 4,728 5,122 30.9% 3
7  Philippines 1,663 2,422 3,797 5,058 204.1% 5
8  Vietnam 2,371 2,956 3,336 4,082 72.1% 2
9  United States 1,985 2,416 2,776 3,371 69.8% 1
10  Sri Lanka 1,608 2,268 2,775 3,304 105.5% 3

Northern Territory

The following table shows the NT's population by country of birth during historical census years. The top 10 countries are shown.

Rank Place of birth Estimated resident population,
2006 census[2] 		Estimated resident population,
2011 census [5] 		Estimated resident population,
2016 census[6] 		Estimated resident population,
2021 census[7] 		% Change 2006-2021 Rank movement 2006-2021
1  Australia 148,169 158,033 157,524 161,568 9.0%
2  Philippines 1,871 3,586 5,912 6,391 241.6% 2
3  England 5,082 5,322 5,584 5,053 0.6% 1
4  India 587 1,917 3,595 5,045 759.2% 8
5  New Zealand 3,295 3,968 4,635 4,041 22.6% 2
6    Nepal 30 350 1,126 2,994 9,880.0% 61
7  mainland China 325 865 1,196 1,705 424.6% 12
8  Indonesia 764 999 1,119 1,439 88.4% 2
9  Vietnam 556 670 935 1,350 142.8% 5
10  Sri Lanka 271 447 777 1,259 364.9% 13

See also

References

  1. ^ "Australia's overseas-born population drops during pandemic | Australian Bureau of Statistics". www.abs.gov.au. 2022-04-26. Retrieved 2022-04-26.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Details - Main Features". Abs.gov.au. 18 September 2014. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
  3. ^ United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, (2019). 'Total international migrant stock'. Accessed from International migrant stock 2019 on 5 May 2021
  4. ^ "Table 5.1 Estimated resident population, by country of birth(a), Australia, as at 30 June, 1996 to 2024(b)(c)". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 30 April 2025.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Australian Community Profile 2011". Abs.gov.au. June 2012. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Australian Community Profile 2016". Abs.gov.au. June 2017. Archived from the original on 20 April 2020. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Australian Community Profile 2021". Abs.gov.au. 28 June 2022. Retrieved 1 April 2024.

Sources

Further reading

  • Betts, Katharine. Ideology and Immigration: Australia 1976 to 1987 (1997)
  • Burnley, I.H. The Impact of Immigration in Australia: A Demographic Approach (2001)
  • Foster, William, et al. Immigration and Australia: Myths and Realities (1998)
  • Jupp, James. From White Australia to Woomera: The Story of Australian Immigration (2007) excerpt and text search
  • Jupp, James. The English in Australia (2004) excerpt and text search
  • Jupp, James. The Australian People: An Encyclopedia of the Nation, its People and their Origins (2002)
  • Markus, Andrew, James Jupp and Peter McDonald, eds. Australia's Immigration Revolution (2010) excerpt and text search
  • O'Farrell, Patrick. The Irish in Australia: 1798 to the Present Day (3rd ed. Cork University Press, 2001)
  • Wells, Andrew, and Theresa Martinez, eds. Australia's Diverse Peoples: A Reference Sourcebook (ABC-CLIO, 2004)
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