Fab 21

TSMC Fab 21
Fab 21 construction (2023)
LocationPhoenix, Arizona
Coordinates33°47′N 112°10′W / 33.78°N 112.16°W / 33.78; -112.16 (TSMC Fab 21 semiconductor factory)
IndustrySemiconductor industry
Products
Address5088 West Innovation Circle, Phoenix
Owner(s)TSMC
Websitewww.tsmc.com/…

Fab 21 is a semiconductor fabrication plant near Phoenix, Arizona in the United States.[2] The factory is under construction by TSMC and planned to open in three phases between 2024‒2027.

On December 6, 2022 an opening ceremony was held, attended by President Joe Biden along with Morris Chang (TSMC), Tim Cook (Apple Inc.), Jensen Huang (Nvidia), and Sanjay Mehrotra (Micron Technology).[3]

Extreme ultraviolet lithography production equipment is sourced from ASML Holding.[2] Phase 1 began production with a 4 nm process in early-2025, at a rate of 10,000 wafers per month[1] with a plan to scale up to 30,000 wafers per month.[4] Phase 2 (3 nm process) and Phase 3 (1.6 and 2 nm process) are under construction and planned for production during the late-2020s.[4][5]

Access to the factory is via Arizona State Route 303 to the south of the site, and via Interstate 17 to the east of the site.

The cost of construction was estimated at $40 billion and planned to be TSMC's largest investment outside of Taiwan.[3] Under the CHIPS and Science Act the United States Department of Commerce gave TSMC $6.6 billion as grants[6] plus another $5 billion as loan guarantees.[1] Construction cost for all three phases is likely to be $65 billion.[1]

As of March 2025 planned investment had been increased by $100 billion from $65 billion up to $165 billion,[7] and the number of planned factories at the TSMC Arizona site increased from three to six: two extra advanced packaging plants and an additional one for research.[7]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Shilov, Anton (2025-01-11). "TSMC's Arizona Fab 21 is already making 4nm chips — yield and quality reportedly on par with Taiwan fabs". News. Retrieved 2025-05-19. Fab 21 in Arizona is manufacturing…: the A16 Bionic … in Apple's iPhone 15 and iPhone 15 Plus; … Apple's S9 … for smartwatches, … and an AMD Ryzen 9000-series CPU. These chips are produced on TSMC's 4nm-class—N4 and N4P—process technologies. … production capacity is around 10,000 wafer starts per month … Under the CHIPS and Science Act, the U.S. Commerce Department provided TSMC with $6.6 billion in grants and up to $5 billion in loan guarantees. … of about $65 billion to include three fab modules … phase 1 … using 4nm and 5nm-class process technologies. … phase 2 … in 2028 with 3nm-class process technologies. … phase 3, which will produce chips on 2nm-class and 1.6nm-class nodes and their variations with backside power delivery.
  2. ^ a b Islam, Faisal (2025-05-19). "The secretive US factory that lays bare the contradiction in Trump's America First plan". BBC News. Retrieved 2025-05-19.
  3. ^ a b Holland, Steve; Lee, Jane (2022-12-06). "TSMC triples Arizona chip plant investment, Biden hails project". Reuters. Retrieved 2025-05-19. Apple CEO Tim Cook … joining Biden at the facility's opening ceremony was TSMC founder Morris Chang, chipmaker Micron Technology … CEO Sanjay Mehrotra and Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang, among others. … $40 billion funding for the two facilities is the company's largest investment outside of Taiwan
  4. ^ a b "TSMC Said to Plan 2nm Production in U.S., 1nm Fab in Tainan". News. Trendforce. Commercial Times reports that TSMC's Arizona wafer fab, Fab 21 Phase 1, has officially entered mass production on its 4nm process in the first quarter of [2025]. Monthly capacity is expected to reach 30,000 wafers by mid-year [2025] … Fab 21's Phase 2 and Phase 3 … completion slated for 2025 and 2027, respectively. … nanosheet transistor structure for TSMC's 2nm process
  5. ^ Anton Shilov (2025-05-16). "TSMC to spend $42 billion on expansion in 2025 — ambitious plans detail nine production facilities". Tom's Hardware. Retrieved 2025-06-05.
  6. ^ Ngo, Madeleine; Clark, Don (2024-04-08). "TSMC Will Receive $6.6 Billion to Bolster U.S. Chip Manufacturing". New York Times. Washington; San Francisco. Retrieved 2025-05-19. Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company plans to build an additional factory and upgrade another planned facility in Phoenix with the federal grants.
  7. ^ a b Kan, Michael (2025-03-03). "TSMC to Build 3 New US Fabs With $100 Billion Investment". PCMag. "five cutting-edge fabrication" facilities in Arizona, Trump said … event at the White House with TSMC CEO CC Wei. … $100 billion is on top of the $65 billion the company has already committed to the Arizona site, … "We are going to build three more new fabs," two advanced packaging fabs for the chips, and an R&D center, Wei said.

Further reading

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