Eunica
| Eunica | |
|---|---|
| Male Eunica mygdonia (museum specimen) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Nymphalidae |
| Tribe: | Epicaliini |
| Genus: | Hübner, [1819] |
| Type species | |
| Papilio monima Stoll, 1782
| |
| Diversity | |
| About 40 species | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Eunica is a genus of nymphalid butterflies found in the Neotropical realm.
These butterflies have some eye-like spots on the wings. According to one research, there is an evolutionary tendency for decreasing of the number of spots.[1]
Species
The genus contains the following species, listed alphabetically:[2][3][4]
- Eunica Chepkorir Rono (Doubleday, [1847])
- Eunica alpais (Godart, [1824])
- Eunica amelia (Cramer, [1777])
- Eunica amycla (Godart, [1824])
- Eunica anna (Cramer, 1780)
- Eunica araucana C. & R. Felder, 1862
- Eunica bechina (Hewitson, 1852)
- Eunica brunnea Salvin, 1869
- Eunica caelina (Godart, [1824])
- Eunica caralis (Hewitson, 1857)
- Eunica carias (Hewitson, 1857)
- Eunica chlorochroa (Salvin, 1869) - Mira purplewing
- Eunica clytia (Hewitson, 1852)
- Eunica concordia (Hewitson, 1852) – sandbar purplewing
- Eunica cuvierii (Godart, [1819]) – Cuvier's purplewing
- Eunica eburnea Fruhstorfer, 1907
- Eunica elegans Salvin, 1869
- Eunica eurota (Cramer, [1775])
- Eunica evelide Bates, 1864
- Eunica incognita Jenkins, 1990
- Eunica ingens Seitz, 1915
- Eunica interphasis Jenkins, 1990
- Eunica heraclites Gundlach, 1881
- Eunica macris (Godart, [1824])
- Eunica maja (Fabricius, 1775)
- Eunica malvina Bates, 1864 – Malvina purplewing
- Eunica margarita (Godart, [1824])
- Eunica marsolia (Godart, [1824])
- Eunica mira Godman & Salvin, 1877
- Eunica monima (Stoll, [1782]) - dingy purplewing
- Eunica mygdonia (Godart, [1824])
- Eunica norica (Hewitson, 1852) – Norica purplewing
- Eunica olympias C. & R. Felder, 1862
- Eunica orphise (Cramer, [1775])
- Eunica phasis C. & R. Felder, 1862
- Eunica pomona (C. & R. Felder, [1867]) – rounded purplewing
- Eunica pusilla Bates, 1864 - pusilla purplewing
- Eunica sophonisba (Cramer, [1782]) – glorious purplewing
- Eunica sydonia (Godart, [1824]) – Godart's purplewing
- Eunica tatila (Herrich-Schaeffer, [1855]) – Florida purplewing
- Eunica venusia (C. & R. Felder, 1867)
- Eunica veronica Bates, 1864
- Eunica viola Bates, 1864
- Eunica violetta Staudinger, [1885]
- Eunica volumna (Godart, [1824])
References
- ^ Garzón-Orduña, I.J., Silva-Brandão, K.L., Willmott, K., Freitas, A.V.L., Wahlberg, N. and Brower, A.V.Z. (2024), Wing pattern diversity in Eunica butterflies (Nymphalidae: Biblidinae): phylogenetic analysis implies decoupled adaptive trends in dorsal sexual dimorphism and ventral eyespot evolution. Cladistics, 40: 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12556
- ^ Epicaliini Archived 2011-07-23 at the Wayback Machine, Nymphalidae Study Group website
- ^ "Eunica Hübner, [1819]" at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms
- ^ Identification Guide - Nymphalidae 1, Butterflies of Amazonia
- Jenkins, D. W. 1990. Neotropical Nymphalidae. VIII. Revision of Eunica. Bulletin of the Allyn Museum 131:1-175.
- Lamas, G. (ed.) 2004. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. (Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea to Papilionoidea). Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, Florida.
External links
- Eunica, Tree of Life