3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene
| Names | |
|---|---|
| Preferred IUPAC name
2,3-Dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxine | |
| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
|
|
| 7126466 | |
| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.122.178 |
| EC Number |
|
PubChem CID
|
|
| UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
|
|
| |
| |
| Properties | |
| C6H6O2S | |
| Molar mass | 142.17 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | colorless liquid |
| Density | 1.34 g/cm3[1] |
| Melting point | 10.5 °C (50.9 °F; 283.6 K)[1] |
| Boiling point | 225 °C (437 °F; 498 K)[1] |
| 2.1 g/L[1] | |
| Viscosity | 11 mPa·s[1] |
| Hazards | |
| GHS labelling:[2] | |
| Danger | |
| H302, H311, H312, H319, H412 | |
| P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P316, P317, P321, P330, P337+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P405, P501 | |
| Flash point | 104 °C (219 °F; 377 K)[1] |
| 360 °C (680 °F; 633 K)[1] | |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references
| |
3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) is an organosulfur compound with the formula C2H4O2C4H2S. The molecule consists of thiophene, substituted at the 3 and 4 positions with an ethylene glycolyl unit. It is a colorless viscous liquid.[3]
EDOT is the precursor to the polymer PEDOT, which is found in electrochromic displays, photovoltaics, electroluminescent displays, printed wiring, and sensors.[4][5]
Synthesis and polymerization
The original synthesis proceeded via the diester of 3,4-dihydroxythiophene-2,5-dicarboxylate.[6]
EDOT is often prepared from C4 precursors such as butanediol and butadiene via routes that produce the thiophene and dioxane rings in separate steps. Representative is the reaction of 2,3-butanedione, trimethyl orthoformate, and ethylene glycol to form the dioxane. Sulfidization with elemental sulfur gives the bicyclic target.[7]
EDOT is converted into the conducting polymer PEDOT by oxidation. The mechanism for this conversion begins with production of the radical cation [EDOT]+, which attacks a neutral EDOT molecule followed by deprotonation. Further similar steps result in the dehydropolymerization. The idealized conversion using peroxydisulfate is shown
- n C2H4O2C4H2S + n (OSO3)22− → [C2H4O2C4S]n + 2n HOSO3−
For commercial purposes, the polymerization is conducted in the presence of polystyrene sulfonate.[5]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g Elschner, Andreas; Kirchmeyer, Stephan; Lovenich, Wilfried (2010). PEDOT: Principles and Applications of an Intrinsically Conductive Polymer. CRC Press. p. 51. ISBN 978-1-4200-6912-9.
- ^ "2,3-Dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxine". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
- ^ Jonas, F.; Schrader, L. (1991). "Conductive Modifications of Polymers with Polypyrroles and Polythiophenes". Synthetic Metals. 41 (3): 831–836. doi:10.1016/0379-6779(91)91506-6.
- ^ Groenendaal, L. B.; Jonas, F.; Freitag, D.; Pielartzik, H.; Reynolds, J. R. (2000). "Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene) and Its Derivatives: Past, Present, and Future". Adv. Mater. 12 (7): 481–494. Bibcode:2000AdM....12..481G. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1521-4095(200004)12:7<481::AID-ADMA481>3.0.CO;2-C.
- ^ a b Kirchmeyer, S.; Reuter, K. (2005). "Scientific Importance, Properties and Growing Applications of Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene)". J. Mater. Chem. 15 (21): 2077–2088. doi:10.1039/b417803n.
- ^ Pei, Qibing; Zuccarello, Guido; Ahlskog, Markus; Inganäs, Olle (1994). "Electrochromic and Highly Stable Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Switches Between Opaque Blue-Black and Transparent Sky Blue". Polymer. 35 (7): 1347–1351. doi:10.1016/0032-3861(94)90332-8.
- ^ Hachiya, I.; Yamamoto, T.; Inagaki, T.; et al. (2014). "Two-Step Synthesis of 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) from 2,3-Butanedione". Heterocycles. 88: 607–612. doi:10.3987/COM-13-S(S)8.