Early medieval states in Kazakhstan

During the earlier medieval period, a succession of mainly Turkic states ruled in the area of present-day Kazakhstan.

No. State Establishment and fall
Capital Territory People Language
1 First Turkic Khaganate 552–603 Suyab Altay, Kazakhstan, Central Asia, Caucasia, Mongolia, Northern China Göktürks, Teleuts, Kipchaks, Khazars, Yenisei Kyrgyz, Sogdian. Old Turkic
2 Western Turkic Khaganate 581–742 Suyab Kazakhstan, Central Asia, Caucasia, Eastern Turkestan, Crimea, coast of Volga Göktürks, Kipchaks, Khazars, Wusun, Kangju, Türgesh. Old Turkic
3 Khazar Khaganate 650–969 Samandar, Atil Western Kazakhstan, coast of Volga, Northern Caucasia, Crimea Khazars, Bulgars, Alans, Hungarians, Burtas, East Slavs Khazarian
4 Pechenegs 659–750 Saryarka Pechenegs Old Turkic
5 Turgesh Khaganate 699–766 Suyab Zhetysu Region Göktürks Old Turkic
6 Oghuz Yabgu State 750–1055 Yangikent Western Kazakhstan, coast of Aral Sea Oghuz Turkic
7 Karluk Yabghu 756–840 Suyab, Balasagun Zhetysu Region, Southern Kazakhstan Karluks Karluk
8 Kara-Khanid Khanate 840–1212 Balasagun Zhetysu Region, Eastern Turkestan, Transoxiana Karakhanids, Karluks Karluk
9 Kimek–Kipchak confederation 880–1035 Imekia, Karantia or Khagan-Kimek Saryarka Kimaks, Kipchaks Turkic
10 Cumania 10th century–1241 Sarai Kazakhstan, coast of Volga, Crimea Cumans, Kipchaks Cuman, Kipchak
11 Karluks 960–1224 Koyluk Zhetysu Region Karluks Karluk
12 Khwarazmian Empire 1077–1231 Konye-Urgench Southern Kazakhstan, Transoxiana, Khorasan, Iran Cumans, Persians, Turkmens Karluk
13 Kara-Khitan Khanate 1124–1218 Balasagun Zhetysu Region, Eastern Turkestan, Transoxiana Karluks, Khitans Karluk
14 Naiman Khanate 1210–1218 Balasagun Zhetysu Region Naimans Karluk
15 Golden Horde 1225–1502 Sarai, Sighnaq Kazakhstan, Central Asia, coast of Aral Sea, coast of Volga, Crimea Mongols, Cumans, Kipchaks Middle Mongol, Kipchak Turkic
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