Croatian exonyms
Croatian exonyms are geographic place names outside of Croatia which have been adapted to Croatian spelling rules, or are simply native names from ancient times.
This list includes current and historical exonyms, as exonym use varies over time. As an example, Carigrad is a disused exonym for Istanbul, which replaced an even older exonym, Stambol.[1] Croatian exonyms continue to be defined even in the modern day, as one research illustrated over the debate over the pronunciation and declension of Qatar (Katar in Croatian) after it hosted a water polo championship in the 2010s.[2]
| Language | Native name | Croatian exonym |
|---|---|---|
| Albania Albanija | ||
| Albanian | Durrës | Drač |
| Korçë | Korča | |
| Shkodër | Skadar | |
| Tiranë | Tirana | |
| Algeria Alžir | ||
| Arabic | Al-Ŷazā'ir | Alžir |
| Wahrān | Oran | |
| Armenia Armenija | ||
| Armenian | Yerevan | Erevan |
| Austria Austrija | ||
| German | Bruck an der Leitha | Bruk na Lajti |
| Eisenstadt | Željezno | |
| Graz | Gradac (historical), Gradec (historical) | |
| Kittsee | Gijeca | |
| Neusiedl am See | Niuzalj | |
| Wien | Beč | |
| Wiener Neustadt | Bečko Novo Mjesto | |
| Azerbaijan Azerbajdžan | ||
| Azerbaijani | Bakı | Baku |
| Bulgaria Bugarska | ||
| Bulgarian | Blagoevgrad | Blagojevgrad |
| Sofiya | Sofija | |
| China Kina | ||
| Chinese | Běijīng | Peking |
| Xiānggǎng | Hong Kong | |
| Shàng-hǎi | Šangaj | |
| Táibĕi | Taipei | |
| Cuba Kuba | ||
| Spanish | Habana | Havana |
| Cyprus Cipar | ||
| Greek - Turkish | Lefkosía - Lefkoșa | Nikozija |
| Czech Republic Češka Republika | ||
| Czech | Dobré Pole | Dobro Polje |
| Hradec Králové | Kraljičin Gradac | |
| Jevišovka | Frielištof | |
| Nový Přerov | Nova Prerava | |
| Praha | Prag | |
| Ústí nad Labem | Ústí na Labi | |
| Denmark Danska | ||
| Danish | København | Kopenhagen |
| Egypt Egipat | ||
| Arabic | Al-Iskandariyya | Aleksandrija |
| Aswān | Asuan | |
| Qāhirah | Kairo | |
| Suways | Suez | |
| Uqsur | Luksor | |
| Ethiopia Etiopija | ||
| Amharic | Adis Abäba | Adis Abeba |
| France Francuska | ||
| French | Marseille | Marijanin |
| Nice | Nica | |
| Paris | Pariz | |
| Germany Njemačka | ||
| German | Bautzen | Budišin |
| Dresden | Dražđane (historical) | |
| Leipzig | Lipsko (historical) | |
| München | Monakov (historical) | |
| Greece Grčka | ||
| Greek | Athína | Atena |
| Édessa | Voden | |
| Ermoúpoli | Ermoupolis | |
| Flórina | Lerin | |
| Igoumenítsa | Igumenica | |
| Ikaría | Ikarija | |
| Ioánnina | Janina | |
| Irákleion | Heraklion | |
| Kárpathos | Karpatos | |
| Kefalloniá | Kefalonija | |
| Kýthira | Kitera | |
| Kérkyra | Krf | |
| Kórinthos | Korint | |
| Kozáni | Kožani | |
| Mýkonos | Mikonos | |
| Pátra | Patras | |
| Peiraiás | Pirej | |
| Samothráki | Samotraki | |
| Thessaloníki | Solun | |
| Véroia | Ber | |
| Hungary Mađarska / Madžarska | ||
| Hungarian | Croatian Exonyms for Places in Hungary | Croatian Exonyms for Places in Hungary |
| India Indija | ||
| Hindi - English | Kolkata | Kalkuta |
| Iran Iran | ||
| Persian | Tehrān | Teheran |
| Italy Italija | ||
| Italian | Ancona | Jakin |
| Assisi | Asizi | |
| Bolzano | Bocen | |
| Firenze | Firenca | |
| Gorizia | Gorica | |
| Monfalcone | Tržić | |
| Muggia | Milje | |
| Napoli | Napulj | |
| Roma | Rim | |
| Trento | Trident | |
| Trieste | Trst | |
| Venezia | Venecija | |
| Udine | Videm (historical?) (Slovenian exonym) | |
| Israel Izrael | ||
| Hebrew - Arabic | Be'er Sheva - Bi'r as-Sab | Beer Šeba |
| Bet Lehem - Bayt Lahm | Betlehem | |
| Cheifa - Ħayfā | Haifa | |
| Yafo - Yāfā | Jafa | |
| Yerushaláyim - Al-Quds | Jeruzalem | |
| Yériho - Ariha | Jerihon | |
| Kafar Nahum - Talhum | Kafarnaum | |
| Natzrát - Naseriyye | Nazaret | |
| Tverya - Ţabariyyah | Tiberijada | |
| Kosovo Kosovo | ||
| Albanian | Prishtinë | Priština |
| Lebanon Libanon | ||
| Arabic - French | Bayrūt - Beyrouth | Beirut |
| Libya Libija | ||
| Arabic | Ţarābulus | Tripoli |
| Macedonia Makedonija | ||
| Macedonian | Bitola | Bitolj |
| Gevgelija | Đevđelija | |
| Skopje | Skoplje | |
| Mali Mali | ||
| French | Tombouctou | Timbuktu |
| Moldova Moldavija | ||
| Romanian | Chișinău | Kišinjev |
| Morocco Maroko | ||
| Arabic | Fās | Fes |
| Ţanja | Tanger | |
| Nepal Nepal | ||
| Nepali | Kantipur | Katmandu |
| Netherlands Nizozemska | ||
| Dutch | Den Haag - 's-Gravenhage | Haag |
| Oman Oman | ||
| Arabic | Masqaț | Muskat |
| Palestine Palestina | ||
| Arabic - Hebrew | Al-Khalīl - Hevron | Hebron |
| Poland Poljska | ||
| Polish | Gdańsk | Gdanjsk |
| Kraków | Krakov | |
| Warszawa | Varšava | |
| Portugal Portugal | ||
| Portuguese | Lisboa | Lisabon |
| Romania Rumunjska | ||
| Românian | București | Bukurešt |
| Caransebeș | Sebeš | |
| Carașova | Karaševo | |
| Cluj-Napoca | Kluž | |
| Jimbolia | Žombolj | |
| Lipova | Lipa | |
| Lugoj | Lugoš | |
| Lupac | Lupak | |
| Oradea | Veliki Varadin | |
| Orșova | Oršava | |
| Reșița | Rešica | |
| Sibiu | Sibinj | |
| Svinița | Svinjica | |
| Timișoara | Temišvar | |
| Russia Rusija | ||
| Russian | Bryansk | Brjansk |
| Chelyabinsk | Čeljabinsk | |
| Cherepovets | Čerepovec | |
| Chita | Čita | |
| Dzerzhinsk | Dzeržinsk | |
| Izhevsk | Iževsk | |
| Kaliningrad | Kalinjingrad | |
| Khabarovsk | Habarovsk | |
| Krasnoyarsk | Krasnojarsk | |
| Nizhny Novgorod | Nižnji Novgorod | |
| Nizhny Tagil | Nižnji Tagil | |
| Novokuznetsk | Novokuznjeck | |
| Ryazan | Rjazan | |
| Sankt Peterburg | Petrograd (historical) | |
| Sochi | Soči | |
| Ulyanovsk | Uljanovsk | |
| Voronezh | Voronjež | |
| Yaroslavl | Jaroslavlj | |
| Yekaterinburg | Ekaterinburg | |
| Saudi Arabia Saudijska Arabija | ||
| Arabic | Makkah | Meka |
| Madīnah | Medina | |
| Serbia Srbija | ||
| Serbian | Beograd | Biograd (historical) |
| Sremska Kamenica | Srijemska Kamenica | |
| Sremska Mitrovica | Srijemska Mitrovica | |
| Sremski Karlovci | Srijemski Karlovci | |
| Slovakia Slovačka | ||
| Slovak | Bratislava | Požun (historical) |
| Devínska Nová Ves | Devinsko Novo Selo | |
| Chorvátsky Grob | Hrvatski Grob | |
| Jarovce | Hrvatski Jandrof | |
| Rusovce | Rosvar | |
| Slovenia Slovenija | ||
| Slovene | Koper | Kopar |
| Somalia Somalija | ||
| Somali - Arabic | Muqdisho - Maqadīshū | Mogadišu |
| Switzerland Švicarska | ||
| German - French | Genf - Genève | Ženeva |
| Syria Sirija | ||
| Arabic | Dimashq | Damask |
| Turkey Turska | ||
| Turkish | Antakya | Antiohija |
| Edirne | Drinopolje | |
| Galipoli | Galipolje | |
| İstanbul | Carigrad (historical) | |
| Ukraine Ukrajina | ||
| Ukrainian | Chernivtsi | Černovice |
| Chornobil' | Černobil | |
| Dnipro | Dnjipro | |
| Donets'k | Donjeck | |
| Kyiv | Kijev | |
| Lviv | Lavov | |
| Sevastopol' | Sevastopolj | |
| United Arab Emirates Ujedinjeni Arapski Emirati | ||
| Arabic | Abū Zabī | Abu Dhabi |
| United Kingdom Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo | ||
| English | Edinburgh | Jedingrad (historical) |
| London | Lodin (historical) | |
| United States of America Ujedinjene Američke Države | ||
| English | New York | Navijork (historical) |
| Uzbekistan Uzbekistan | ||
| Uzbek | Toshkent | Taškent |
| Language | Native name | Croatian exonym |
References
- ^ Crljenko, Ivana (2007). "Metoda klasifikacije u istraživanjima egzonima". Hrvatski geografski glasnik. 79 (1).
- ^ Vidović, Domagoj (2023). "Jesmo li osvojili broncu u Katru ili Kataru?". Hrvatski jezik: Znanstveno-popularni časopis za kulturu hrvatskoga jezika. 10 (1): 16–17.