Cravath, Swaine & Moore

Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP
HeadquartersTwo Manhattan West
New York City[1]
No. of offices3
No. of attorneys508[2]
Major practice areasGeneral Corporate, M&A, Securities and Banking, Litigation, Tax, Trusts and Estates
Key peopleFaiza Saeed
(Presiding Partner)
RevenueUS$1.2 billion (2024)[3]
Profit per equity partnerUS$6.9 million (2024)[3]
Date founded1819 (1819)
FoundersRichard M. Blatchford
William H. Seward
Company typeLimited liability partnership
Websitewww.cravath.com

Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP (known as Cravath; krə-VATH) is an American white-shoe law firm headquartered in New York City, and additional offices in London and Washington, D.C. D.C. It was founded in 1819, and represents American and international industries in litigation, mergers and acquisitions and in antitrust cases. The firm also developed the Cravath System in common use at U.S. law firms for more than a century.

History

The firm's history began when Richard M. Blatchford opened his law office in New York City in 1819,[4] representing American industrialists as well as entities in the United Kingdom and Europe, such as the Bank of England, from 1826.[5] In 1854, former college classmates Blatchford and William H. Seward (later Abraham Lincoln's Secretary of State) merged their respective law firms, forming Blatchford, Seward & Griswold.[6][7]

Blatchford served in the New York State Assembly, and as U.S. Minister to the State of the Church. His son, Samuel, was later a partner at the firm, served as a federal district court and appeals court judge. Samuel was appointed to the United States Supreme Court, in 1882, by President Chester Arthur, serving for 11 years until his death; he was the first person to serve at all three levels of the judiciary. Seward was both Governor and Senator from New York,[8] who supported the 1865 passing of the Thirteenth Amendment, and negotiated the 1867 purchase of Alaska from Russia in a transaction that his opponents derisively called "Seward's Folly" and "Seward's Icebox",[9] though since noted as a "bargain Basement deal".[10][11][12]

Paul Drennan Cravath joined the firm in 1899, and devised the "Cravath System", combining a distinct method of hiring, training, and compensating lawyers. His name was added to the firm name in 1901 and, in 1944, after a series of name changes, the Cravath, Swaine & Moore name was established and has not been altered since.[13]

The Bar of the City of New York was reorganized in 1916 by partners Paul D. Cravath and William D. Guthrie.[14][15][16][17]

From 1950, Cravath managed the first U.S. IPOs of European companies,[18][19] and continues to represent EU firms into the 21st century,[20] with international clients including HM Treasury, Grupo Modelo, Santander, and HDFC Bank.[21][22][23][24]

Cravath has represented noted American inventors Samuel F.B. Morse, in the late 1840s; Cyrus McCormick, Elias Howe, and Charles Goodyear in the 1850s; and George Westinghouse in the 1880s.[25][26] Some current client relationships that began in the 1800s are with CBS, JPMorgan, and PricewaterhouseCoopers.[27][28][29] The firm has had a long record of clients in the US railroad industry beginning with the New York & Erie and Union Pacific railroads, and express delivery businesses such as Adams, Southern, and Wells Fargo.[30][31][32] Its 19th-century history includes the 1808 insanity defense of William Freeman for the murder of John G. Van Nest, the 1848 Jones v. Van Zandt challenge to the constitutionality of slavery, and the Pollock v. Farmers' Loan and Trust Company tax case of 1895.[33][34][35][36] Cases of mention before the Supreme, appellate and Chancery courts in more recent decades have been Kiobel v. Royal Dutch Petroleum Co., Westfed Holdings Inc. v. United States, and City of Providence v. First Citizens BancShares Inc. et al. Important litigation work with IBM has included two landmark antitrust cases.[37][38][39][40][41][42]

Cravath's bankruptcy practice gained recognition on November 10, 2010, by offering free representation in advance of a likely Chapter 9 filing for Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.[43] The firm's restructuring work traces back to clients such as Goodyear in 1921.[44]

In 2015, Cravath was the victim of what the firm described as a "limited breach" of its computer network, which The New York Times connected to a 2016 court case against three Chinese hackers who had made more than $4 million from insider information about merger deals.[45][46]

Cravath has remained a relatively small firm of about 500 lawyers, located primarily in its New York Office, with a few dozen in its London office, opened in 1973, and in Washington, DC, opened in 2022.[47] The firm opened a Hong Kong office in 1994, closing it nine years later.[48]

In March 2019, the New-York Historical Society Museum & Library debuted an installation highlighting the firm, which illustrates legal milestones across two centuries, including obtaining patents for both the telegraph and the sewing machine, organizing NBC, and securing equal access to locker rooms for women sports reporters, exhibited "through a collection of unique documents, photographs, and prints."[49]

Notable clients and cases

In 1847, the firm (then Seward & Blatchford) brought the Jones v. Van Zandt challenge to the constitutionality of slavery.[50]

In 1935, the firm represented the A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corporation in a challenge to the National Industrial Recovery Act.[51] Cravath lawyers secured a unanimous Supreme Court victory.[52] The Supreme Court agreed with the firm that the NIRA codes violated the constitutional separation of powers by impermissibly delegating legislative power.[53]

In the 1960s, Cravath lawyers wrote the U.S. Supreme Court brief on behalf of the Congress of Racial Equality’s Freedom rides protesting segregated buses, and were called upon by President John F. Kennedy to help form the Lawyers’ Committee for Civil Rights Under Law.[54]

In 1966, the firm helped launch litigation that would become Miranda v. Arizona,[55] which established that states cannot interrogate suspects without informing them of the right to counsel, now implemented as the Miranda warning issued by police to criminal suspects taken into custody.

In 1971, as The Washington Post prepared to publish the Pentagon Papers, Cravath reformed the publisher as a public company that was structured to protect editorial freedom.[56] The firm also defended Time Inc. against Israeli General Ariel Sharon, and CBS against U.S. Army General William Westmoreland in 1984.[57] In 1989, the firm argued before the U.S. Supreme Court on behalf of African American and women firefighters in Birmingham, Alabama. The case was a catalyst for the Civil Rights Act of 1991.[58]

In November 2014, Cravath acted as legal advisor in a deal backed by 3G Capital and Berkshire Hathaway Inc. that would create the third-largest food and beverage company in North America.[59][60]

Cases before the Supreme, appellate and Chancery courts across the 20th and 21st centuries include Esquire v. Walker, later Hannegan v. Esquire, Inc., at the U.S. Supreme Court, with Esquire prevailing, in 1946, against the attempted censorship of its magazine by the two Postmasters General;[61][62] a 13-year landmark antitrust case on behalf of IBM;[63][42][64] Netscape's 2003 antitrust suit against Microsoft, which secured a $750 million settlement;[65] Unilever's $3.7 billion acquisition of Alberto-Culver;[66][67] Kiobel v. Royal Dutch Petroleum Co.;[68] Westfed Holdings Inc. v. United States;[69] Ohio v. American Express;[70] and United States v. Jefferson County.[71]

In 2018, the firm advised Disney in its acquisition of 21st Century Fox.[72] It litigated for Epic Games in Epic Games v. Apple,[73][74] and for its subsequent challenge to Apple's compliance plan.[75] During the 2020s, Cravath also represented Illumina in its $7 billion acquisition of Grail, defeating antitrust challenges from the FTC and the European Commission, then for Illumina's 2023 spin off of the biotechnology subsidiary.[76] The firm represented The Williams Companies at trial and as appellate court counsel, securing judgments of over $600 million in M&A litigation against Energy Transfer for a failed merger.[77]

Rankings and awards

Cravath is the top ranked firm in the Vault Law 100.[78] Based on a survey of law firm associate attorneys rating the reputations of firms other than their own, Cravath ranked as the No. 1 law firm in the United States in the annual "Vault Law 100", in 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024 and either #1 or #2 annually, since 2007.[79][80][81][82] In 2016 Chambers and Partners ranked Cravath in the top tier among U.S. law firms for Banking & Finance, Capital Markets (Debt & Equity), Corporate/M&A (The Elite), Environment (Mainly Transactional), Media & Entertainment (Corporate), Securities Litigation, General Commercial Litigation (The Elite) and Tax.[83]

Hiring

Main article: Cravath System

Under the Cravath System, the firm is known for a focus on hiring associates straight from law school with an emphasis on grades, then, over years of apprenticeship rotations, introducing hires to corporate law practice.[84] Under this philosophy, lateral hires are rare, with some exceptions. In 2005, Cravath hired Andrew W. Needham, formerly a tax partner at Willkie Farr & Gallagher,[85] as the first lateral partner since Herbert L. Camp, also a tax partner, from the now-defunct Donovan Leisure Newton & Irvine in 1987. Camp, however, had previously been a Cravath associate and may therefore be considered to not be a true lateral hire because he started his career there. Before that, Roswell Magill, a former Treasury Department official, became a Cravath tax partner in 1943. In 2007, the firm brought in Richard Levin from Skadden, Arps to boost its new bankruptcy practice.[86] In 2011, Cravath hired Christine A. Varney, a former U.S. Assistant Attorney General for the Antitrust Division for the Obama Administration.[87] This was criticized as a revolving door case, as Cravath later had Varney represent AT&T in its acquisition of Time Warner, which the Antitrust Division let pass.[88] In 2013, the firm hired David Kappos, who served as the Under Secretary of Commerce for Intellectual Property and Director of the United States Patent and Trademark Office.[89][90]

In addition, the system includes lockstep compensation on a published scale, which has tended to be consistent with the scale paid by most leading US law firms, and is known (for historical reasons) as the "Cravath Scale".[91]

Amid clashes at some college campuses, following the onset of the 2023 Israel-Hamas war; on November 1st, 2025, Cravath was among more than two dozen law firms that submitted a letter to 14 American law school deans, denouncing anti-Semitism, Islamophobia, and racism, and advising those mentoring future law graduates of entrenched workplace policies against harassment or discrimination at their firms.[92] Previously, the firm was also among 17 global law firm signatories to a public statement denouncing growing anti-Semitic attacks in the U.S. that was published in The American Lawyer on May 27, 2021.[93][94]

See also

References

  1. ^ Miller, Joe "Cravath joins Midtown exodus with move to Manhattan’s Hudson Yards" The Financial Times, April 28, 2024. Retrieved May 7, 2024.
  2. ^ "Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP, USA 2025 (Chambers Profiles)". Chambers.com. Retrieved June 7, 2025.
  3. ^ a b "Cravath". Law.com. Retrieved June 7, 2025.
  4. ^ Cortez, Jan"10 Things You Must Know About Cravath, Swaine & Moore" International Business Times ] November 11, 2022. Retrieved July 11, 2025.
  5. ^ Connecticut Biographical Dictionary State History Publications, 2008, page 124. Retrieved July 11, 2025.
  6. ^ Charles Lanman (1876). Biographical Annals of the Civil Government of the United States: During Its First Century. From Original and Official Sources. J. Anglim. pp. 38–.
  7. ^ Robert T. Swaine (April 2012). The Cravath Firm and Its Predecessors, 1819-1947. The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. pp. 2–. ISBN 978-1-58477-713-7.
  8. ^ Michael Burlingame (September 14, 2012). "The Patriot-Statesman". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved April 6, 2015.
  9. ^ "Treaty with Russia for the Purchase of Alaska", Primary Documents in American History, The Library of Congress, April 25, 2017. Retrieved June 9, 2019.
  10. ^ "Seward’s Folly: Who’s Laughing Now?", by Karen Harris, History Daily, January 2, 2019. Retrieved June 9, 2019.
  11. ^ "Why the Purchase of Alaska Was Far From "Folly", by Jesse Greenspan, History.com, September 3, 2018. Retrieved June 9, 2019.
  12. ^ "Purchase of Alaska, 1867", Office of the Historian, Bureau of Public Affairs of the United States.
  13. ^ "Cravath, Swaine & Moore" Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved July 11, 2025.
  14. ^ Robert C. Perez; Edward F. Willett (6 June 1995). Clarence Dillon: A Wall Street Enigma. Madison Books. pp. 3–. ISBN 978-1-4617-1383-8.
  15. ^ The Nation. J.H. Richards. 1917. pp. 641–.
  16. ^ James Byrne; Paul Drennan Cravath; George Woodward Wickersham; Gilbert Holland Montague; William Dameron Guthrie (1917). Some Legal Phases of Corporate Financing, Reorganization and Regulation. Macmillan. pp. 153–.
  17. ^ David A. Skeel Jr. (24 April 2014). Debt's Dominion: A History of Bankruptcy Law in America. Princeton University Press. pp. 102–. ISBN 978-1-4008-2850-0.
  18. ^ D. Grier Stephenson (2003). The Waite Court: Justices, Rulings, and Legacy. ABC-CLIO. pp. 133–. ISBN 978-1-57607-829-7.
  19. ^ Rasmussen, Morten (December 2010). "Constructing and Deconstructing Constitutional European Law: Some reflections on how to study the history of European law" (PDF). Europe. The New Legal Realism. Europe. The New Legal Realism, DJØF Publishing: Århus, 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 24, 2015. Retrieved April 14, 2015.
  20. ^ Dickinson Clare, "Revealed: Three of FN’s Most Influential in European Finance" Financial News, August 14, 2024. Retrieved July 11, 2025.
  21. ^ "Legal Newswire – Cravath Represents HM Treasury In Recapitalization Plan For Three UK Banks". LawFuel.com. October 17, 2008. Archived from the original on April 27, 2015. Retrieved April 14, 2015.
  22. ^ Scott, Mark (June 29, 2012). "Brewer to Buy Remaining Stake in Grupo Modelo". DealBook. Retrieved April 17, 2015.
  23. ^ "Santander Consumer USA Holdings Inc. (SC) IPO". www.nasdaq.com. January 23, 2014. Retrieved April 20, 2015.
  24. ^ Brennan, Tom (February 6, 2013). "Cravath Acts on Indian Lender HDFC's $1.6B Share Sale". The Asian Lawyer. Retrieved February 25, 2015.
  25. ^ "MIT Institute Archives & Special Collections, Historical Patent Records from the Blatchford, Seward & Griswold Collection (1841-1910)". libraries.mit.edu. Archived from the original on April 26, 2015. Retrieved April 13, 2015.
  26. ^ Lawrence M. Friedman (1 June 2005). A History of American Law: Third Edition. Simon and Schuster. pp. 486–. ISBN 978-0-7432-8258-1.
  27. ^ Quentin R. Skrabec (2007). George Westinghouse: Gentle Genius. Algora Publishing. pp. 190–. ISBN 978-0-87586-507-2.
  28. ^ Gharnow, Ron (2001). The House of Morgan. New York, New York: Grove Press.
  29. ^ David Grayson Allen; Kathleen McDermott (1 January 1993). Accounting for Success: A History of Price Waterhouse in America, 1890-1990. Harvard Business Press. pp. 11–. ISBN 978-0-87584-328-5.
  30. ^ Robert T. Swaine (April 2012). The Cravath Firm and Its Predecessors, 1819-1947. The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. pp. 327–. ISBN 978-1-58477-713-7.
  31. ^ George Martin (1 January 1997). Causes and Conflicts: The Centennial History of the Association of the Bar of the City of New York, 1870-1970. Fordham Univ Press. pp. 8–. ISBN 978-0-8232-1735-9.
  32. ^ Austin Abbott; Benjamin Vaughan Abbott (1872). Abbott's Practice Cases. J.S. Voorhies. pp. 458–.
  33. ^ "Cayuga County Courthouse and the Case that Helped Establish the Insanity Defense in New York". www.nycourts.gov/publications/benchmarks. Spring 2007. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved April 13, 2015.
  34. ^ Hall, Benjamin F. (1848). The trial of William Freeman for the murder of John G. Van Nest. Auburn: Derby, Miller & Co. Retrieved April 13, 2015.
  35. ^ Junius P. Rodriguez (1 January 1997). The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery. ABC-CLIO. pp. 383–. ISBN 978-0-87436-885-7.
  36. ^ Harvard Law Review. Harvard Law Review Pub. Association. 1911. pp. 36–.
  37. ^ Kiobel v. Royal Dutch Petroleum Co. (Supreme Court of the United States April 17, 2013), Text.
  38. ^ Westfed Holdings Inc. v. United States (United States Court of Appeals, Federal Circuit May 12, 2005), Text.,
  39. ^ City of Providence v. First Citizens BancShares Inc. et al. (The Delaware Court of Chancery September 8, 2014), Text.
  40. ^ "Business: The Case of the Century", Time, May 21, 1979, retrieved April 10, 2015
  41. ^ Margolick, David M. (January 18, 1982). "For Cravath, Life After I.B.M." The New York Times. Retrieved April 14, 2015.
  42. ^ a b Kermit L. Hall; David S. Clark (2 May 2002). The Oxford Companion to American Law. Oxford University Press. pp. 408–. ISBN 978-0-19-508878-6.
  43. ^ "Mark's Market Analysis". Archived from the original on 2011-07-14. Retrieved 2010-11-11.
  44. ^ Poor's Cumulative Service. Poor's Publishing House. 1921. pp. 131–.
  45. ^ Picker, Leslie (2016-12-27). "3 Men Made Millions by Hacking Merger Lawyers, U.S. Says". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2016-12-28.
  46. ^ Raymond, Nate (December 28, 2016). "U.S. accuses Chinese citizens of hacking law firms, insider trading". Reuters. Archived from the original on December 28, 2016. Prosecutors did not identify the two law firms, or five others they said the defendants targeted. But one matched the description of New York-based Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP, which represented Pitney Bowes in its 2015 acquisition of Borderfree Inc, one of the mergers in question. The indictment said that by using a law firm employee's credentials, the defendants installed malware on the firm's servers to access emails from lawyers, including a partner responsible for the Pitney deal. Cravath declined to comment. In March, Cravath confirmed discovering a "limited breach" of its systems in 2015.
  47. ^ Cravath Launches D.C. Office With Former SEC, FDIC Leaders, by Meghan Tribe, Bloomberg Law, 6 June 2022.
  48. ^ Ryan, John (5 March 2006). "New York Story: Evan Chelser". Law Dragon.
  49. ^ "Two Centuries of the Law: Cravath, Swaine & Moore", New-York Historical Society Museum & Library, 2019. Retrieved July 19, 2020.
  50. ^ The Works of William H. Seward, Volume 1, William Henry Seward, Redfield, USA, 1853, page 476. Retrieved June 16, 2019.
  51. ^ Metzger, Gillian E. (2017). "Foreword: 1930s Redux: The Administrative State Under Siege". Harvard Law Review. 131 (1): 57. ISSN 0017-811X.
  52. ^ A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States, 295 U.S. 495 (1935).
  53. ^ Schechter Poultry Corp., 295 U.S. at 535, 551.
  54. ^ "A Proud History", "Philosophy", Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP. Retrieved June 16, 2019.
  55. ^ "Ep. 5 - Corporate law in NYC", Pre-Law, Baylor University, October 17, 2018. Retrieved June 16, 2019.
  56. ^ The Pentagon Papers: Making History at the Washington Post by Katharine Graham, Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, 1971, page 16. Retrieved November 29, 2021.
  57. ^ Hornblower, Margo "Sharon v. Time Magazine" The Washington Post, November 14, 1984. Retrieved July 11, 2025.
  58. ^ "Pro Bono Heroes: Cravath’s 38-year fight for justice in Alabama" by Jenna Greene, Reuters, July 1, 2021. Retrieved December 1, 2021.
  59. ^ "Cravath Handles Trio of Big-Ticket Deals", Lawdragon, November 6, 2014, archived from the original on 2014-11-19, retrieved April 20, 2015
  60. ^ Giammona, Craig; Boyle, Matthew (March 25, 2015), "Kraft Will Merge With Heinz in Deal Backed by 3G and Buffett", BloombergBusiness, archived from the original on 2015-03-25, retrieved April 20, 2015
  61. ^ "The Esquire Case: A Lost Free Speech Landmark" by Samantha Barbas, University at Buffalo School of Law December 1, 2018. Retrieved November 29, 2021.
  62. ^ Esquire v. Walker by Jean Preer, Prologue Magazine, Spring 1990, Vol. 23, No. 1.
  63. ^ "The Case of the Century", Time, May 21, 1979, retrieved April 10, 2015
  64. ^ Margolick, David M. (January 18, 1982). "For Cravath, Life After I.B.M." The New York Times. Retrieved April 14, 2015.
  65. ^ "New York Story: Evan Chesler" Lawdragon, March 5, 2006. Retrieved July 11, 2025.
  66. ^ "Wall St duo advise on $3.7bn acquisition of haircare co" Law.com. Retrieved July 11, 2025.
  67. ^ "Alberto Culver settles lawsuit over Unilever bid" Reuters, November 29, 2010. Retrieved July 11, 2025.
  68. ^ Kiobel v. Royal Dutch Petroleum Co. (Supreme Court of the United States April 17, 2013), Text.
  69. ^ Westfed Holdings Inc. v. United States (United States Court of Appeals, Federal Circuit May 12, 2005), Text.
  70. ^ Dewey, Katrina "Redemption Road: Cravath's Supreme Court Victory for American Express" Lawdragon, March 5, 2006. Retrieved July 11, 2025.
  71. ^ "Cravath donates $6 mln to Fisk University, civil rights groups" by Arriana McLymore, Reuters, June 15, 2021. Retrieved December 1, 2021.
  72. ^ Littleton, Cynthia "SEC Filing Reveals New Details on Disney-Fox Deal, and How Comcast Got Rejected" Variety, April 19, 2018. Retrieved July 11, 2025.
  73. ^ "The first day of the Epic Games v. Apple trial was a tour of the Fortnite 'metaverse.'". The New York Times. May 4, 2021. Retrieved December 23, 2021.
  74. ^ Leswing, Kif (September 8, 2020). "Apple can no longer force developers to use in-app purchasing, judge rules in Epic Games case". CNBC. Retrieved December 23, 2021.
  75. ^ Feiner, Lauren "Why Epic’s lawsuit against Apple just won’t quit" The Verge, May 28, 2024. Retrieved July 11, 2025.
  76. ^ Cornell, Joe "Illumina Completes Spin-Off Of GRAIL" Forbes, June 26, 2024. Retrieved July 11, 2025.
  77. ^ "Energy Group Of The Year: Cravath" Law360, February 13, 2025. Retrieved July 11, 2025.
  78. ^ "Vault Law 100". Vault.com. Retrieved June 7, 2025.
  79. ^ "Vault Law 100". firsthand.co. Firsthand. Retrieved 4 January 2023.
  80. ^ ""Vault's Top 100 Law Firms For 2019", Vault, June 20, 2018. Retrieved June 9, 2019". Archived from the original on October 21, 2019. Retrieved June 10, 2019.
  81. ^ "Vault Top 100 Law Firms for 2017". Vault.
  82. ^ "Vault Top 100 Law Firms for 2018". Vault. Archived from the original on 2019-04-06. Retrieved 2019-04-06.
  83. ^ "Chambers and Partners Nationwide Departments Rankings". Chambers and Partners. Archived from the original on 2017-03-04. Retrieved 2017-03-03.
  84. ^ William D. Henderson (July 2009). "The Bursting of the Pedigree Bubble" (PDF). NALP Bulletin. 21 (7). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-03-28.
  85. ^ Cravath Hires Tax Partner, Its First Lateral in Decades
  86. ^ Cravath starts a bankruptcy practice
  87. ^ Lattman, Peter; de la Merced, Michael (June 6, 2011). "Cravath to Hire Antitrust Chief". The New York Times. Retrieved May 19, 2015.
  88. ^ "75% of FTC Officials Have Revolving Door Conflicts With Tech Corporations and Other Industries". Public Citizen. 23 May 2019. Retrieved 2019-06-10.
  89. ^ Lattman, Peter (February 6, 2013). "Cravath Hires a 2nd Official From Obama Administration". The New York Times. Retrieved February 6, 2013.
  90. ^ Jones, Ashby (February 6, 2013). "Cravath Plucks Former PTO Chief David Kappos". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved May 19, 2015.
  91. ^ "Cravath announces associate bonuses; did the firm top Milbank?".
  92. ^ Sorkin, Andrew Ross; Mattu, Ravi; Warner, Bernhard; Kessler, Sarah; de la Merced, Michael J.; Hirsch, Lauren; Livni, Ephrat (2 November 2023). "Law Firms Warn Universities About Antisemitism on Campus". The New York Times. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  93. ^ "Big Law Leaders Pen Letter Denouncing Anti-Semitic Attacks" Law.com. Retrieved July 11, 2025.
  94. ^ Zieve Cohen, Sam "Law firm leaders call out silence around rising antisemitism" Jewish Insider, May 27, 2021. Retrieved July 11, 2025.

Further reading

  1. ^ White Shoe: How a New Breed of Wall Street Lawyers Changed Big Business and the American Century, by John Oller, Penguin Random House, 2019. ISBN 978-1524743253
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.