Commander-in-Chief of the Army (Nicaragua)
| Commander-in-Chief of the Army | |
|---|---|
| Comandante en Jefe del Ejército de Nicaragua | |
Incumbent since 21 February 2010Julio César Avilés Castillo | |
| Nicaraguan Armed Forces | |
| Reports to | Minister of Defence |
| Precursor | Chief Director of the National Guard |
| Formation | July 1979 |
| First holder | Humberto Ortega |
| Website | Official website |
The Commander-in-Chief of the Army (Spanish: Comandante en Jefe del Ejército de Nicaragua) is the professional head of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Nicaragua.
On 20 April 1823 José Anacleto Ordóñez would declare Nicaragua's independence in Granada and appointed himself General en Jefe del Ejército, Protector y Libertador de Granada, essentially establishing military absolutism in the state, with himself as the de facto military leader until he was deposed on 19 January 1825.[1]
This military absolutism would be brought back after the assassination of Head of State José Zepeda on 25 January 1837, during the presidency of José Núñez, who appointed Bernardo Méndez de Figueroa as "General Commander of Arms".[2]
List of officeholders
Protector and Liberator of Granada
| No. | Portrait | Name (born–died) |
Term of office | Ref. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||
| 1 | General José Anacleto Ordóñez (1778–1839) | 20 April 1823 | 19 January 1825 | 1 year, 274 days | [3] | |
General Commander of Arms
| No. | Portrait | Name (born–died) |
Term of office | Ref. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||
| 1 | Colonel Bernardo Méndez de Figueroa (1782–?) | 1837 | 1839 | 1–2 years | [2] | |
| 2 | Grand Marshal Casto Fonseca (1800–1845) | 1839 | 1845 | 5–6 years | [4] | |
| 3 | General José Trinidad Muñoz (1790–1855) | 1845 | 18 August 1855 † | 9–10 years | [5] | |
Commander-in-Chief
| No. | Portrait | Name (born–died) |
Term of office | Ref. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||
| 1 | Army general Humberto Ortega (1947–2024) | July 1979 | 21 February 1995 | 15 years, 7 months | [6] | |
| 2 | Army general Joaquín Cuadra | 21 February 1995 | 21 February 2000 | 5 years | [6] | |
| 3 | Army general Javier Carrión McDonough | 21 February 2000 | 21 February 2005 | 5 years | [6] | |
| 4 | Army general Moises Omar Halleslevens Acevedo (born 1949) | 21 February 2005 | 21 February 2010 | 5 years | [6][7] | |
| 5 | Army general Julio Avilés Castillo | 21 February 2010 | Incumbent | 15 years, 135 days | [6] | |
References
- ^ Bolaños Geyer, Enrique (2018). "La Independencia de Nicaragua" [The Independence of Nicaragua]. enriquebolanos.org (in Spanish). Enrique Bolaños Biblioteca. Archived from the original on 31 March 2022. Retrieved 15 July 2022.
- ^ a b "UCSD Libraries: 1811-1856". 2008-05-26. Archived from the original on 2008-05-26. Retrieved 2022-11-12.
- ^ "Cleto Ordóñez: Primer Caudillo Popular de Nicaragua" [Cleto Ordóñez: The First Popular Caudillo of Nicaragua]. El Nuevo Diario (in Spanish). 8 August 2009. Archived from the original on 19 February 2022. Retrieved 26 July 2022.
- ^ Chiozza, Giacomo; Goemans, H. E. (2011-08-18). Leaders and International Conflict. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-139-50166-8.
- ^ Bancroft, Hubert Howe (1887). The Works of Hubert Howe Bancroft: History of Central America. Vol. III. 1801-1887. San Francisco: The History Company, Publishers. Retrieved 11 January 2025.
- ^ a b c d e "Comandantes en Jefe del Ejército 1979 - 2010". Ejército.mil.ni (in Spanish). Ejército de Nicaragua. Retrieved 5 January 2021.
- ^ "LA PRENSA". overseas.mofa.go.kr. Embajada de la República de Corea en Nicaragua. 22 January 2010. Retrieved 5 January 2021.