Cohoes Falls
| Cohoes Falls | |
|---|---|
| Kahón:ios (Mohawk) | |
from the south | |
| Location | Between Cohoes and Waterford, New York, United States |
| Coordinates | 42°47′16.68″N 73°42′30.72″W / 42.7879667°N 73.7085333°W |
| Type | Block |
| Elevation | 180 feet (55 m) |
| Total height | 90 feet (27 m) |
| Total width | 1,000 feet (300 m) |
| Watercourse | Mohawk River |
| Average flow rate | 34,638 cubic feet (980.8 m3) |
Cohoes Falls (Mohawk: Kahón:ios, "a boat is in the water/is actively submerged") is a waterfall on the Mohawk River shared by the city of Cohoes and the town of Waterford, New York. It is roughly 1,000 ft (300 m) wide, between 75 to 90 ft (23 to 27 m) in height, and compares favorably in other measures to Niagara Falls, yet has no tourist industry and in fact dries up entirely in dry summers (due to water diverted to fill canal locks and generate power).
History
Cohoes historian Arthur Masten incorrectly wrote in his 1880 history that the phrase might mean "Potholes in the River," referring to the potholes that appear in the riverbed when it is dry. However, Kanatsiohareke (Kanatsiohareke) and Kanatsio'háre (Canojahare) bear names with reference to this meaning in Kanien'ké:ha (Kanyenkeha).
In the oral and written tradition of the Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), Kahón:ios is where the Great Peacemaker performed a feat of supernatural strength, convincing the Kanyenkehaka (Mohawks) to become the founding nation of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy. Some historians believe the Kanyenkehaka (Mohawks) launched the Confederacy as early as 1142 CE, though other experts report dates ranging from 1450–1650.
Celebrated by 18th-century travelers in letters and journals, Cohoes Falls, also called The Great Falls of the Mohawk, were regarded as the second-most beautiful cataract in New York State after Niagara Falls. In 1804, the national poet of Ireland, Thomas Moore, visited Cohoes and wrote a paean to the waterfall's beauty: "Lines Written at the Cohos, or Falls of the Mohawk River."
In 1831, town leaders built a dam across the Mohawk River to harness the power of the falls to fuel the turbines of the city's burgeoning textile industry. Over the next several decades, the predominant company, Harmony Mills, became the largest manufacturer of cotton in the United States, thanks to its control of local water rights. When all the mills closed in the wake of the Great Depression, city leaders leased the flow rights to a series of power companies, including Niagara Mohawk Power Corporation and Orion Power.
The Erie Canal was planned to overcome the navigational barrier of the Cohoes Falls. The original "Clinton's Ditch", the Erie Canal of 1825, was built through the city of Cohoes. The later Enlarged Canal was realigned, yet still went through the City of Cohoes. The Barge Canal, which opened in 1918, bypasses Cohoes and runs through the Village of Waterford via the Waterford Flight of Locks.
Description
Cohoes Falls is 90 feet (28 m) tall at its high point and approximately 1,000 feet (305 m) wide. Its flow is greatest in springtime, sometimes running at 90,000 cubic feet (2,500 m3) of water per second.[1] The flow varies with seasonal variation of Mohawk River flow as well as with diversions for the Barge Canal locks, power generation, and the Cohoes water supply. During the summer, the falls are virtually dry, revealing shale formations. The 87-year average flow of the Mohawk River at Cohoes is 34,638 cubic feet per second, but this includes water diverted to the power plant and Erie Canal locks,[2] not along the actual river course and over Cohoes Falls.
| Cohoes Falls | Niagara Falls | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| American Falls | Horseshoe Falls | ||
| Approx. width | 1,000 feet (300 m) | 830 feet (250 m) | 2,200 feet (670 m) |
| Uninterrupted fall of water | 75 feet (23 m) (north side) 90 feet (27 m) (south side) |
70 to 110 feet (34 m) | 163 feet (50 m) |
| Water flow (range) (cubic feet per second) |
From zero to 90,000, though it averages well under the 34,638 before flow is diverted for canal locks and power generation.[2] (During Hurricane Irene in August 2011, the flow was estimated to be over 100,000 cubic feet per second with a total river flow of 117,000.[3]) | 5,000 to 21,000 | 45,000 to 190,000 |
| Electricity generated (approx) | 190,000 MWh (or 190 GWh) per year | 2.4 GW‡ (USA) |
2.0 GW‡ (Canada) |
| Tourist visits per year | Nil | Over 28 million (Canada & US combined)[4] | |
‡ These figures represent the generating capacity. They are not comparable with the total electrical energy actually generated each year.
Gallery
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Cohoes Falls in spring with high volume of water
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Cohoes Falls with low water flow
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Cohoes Falls dry
See also
References
- ^ "The Cohoes Falls". The City of Cohoes. Archived from the original on 2008-10-07. Retrieved 2009-01-12.
- ^ a b "USGS Surface Water data for New York: USGS Surface-Water Annual Statistics". waterdata.usgs.gov. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
- ^ "USGS Surface Water for New York: Peak Streamflow". nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
- ^ "Niagara Falls". Travelooce.com. Archived from the original on 2013-02-05. Retrieved 2016-09-21.