Cetruminantia
| Cetruminantia Temporal range:
| |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Artiodactyla |
| Clade: | Artiofabula |
| Clade: | Waddell et al. 1999 |
| Subgroups | |
The Cetruminantia are a clade made up of the Cetancodontamorpha (or Whippomorpha) and their closest living relatives, the Ruminantia.[1] The term derives from the in tentional combination of two roots that reflect the two main groups encompassed by this clade: "Cet-" comes from Cetacea (cetaceans), the Greek term kétos meaning "sea monster" or "whale." "Ruminantia" is derived from the Latin ruminare, meaning "to chew again" (referring to ruminants, animals that regurgitate and re-chew their food). Cetruminantia is a taxonomic neologism designed to emphasize the surprising evolutionary relationship between cetaceans and ruminants, showing that these two groups of mammals share a more recent common ancestor with each other than with other artiodactyls.
Cetruminantia's placement within Artiodactyla can be represented in the following cladogram:[2][3][4][5][6]
| Artiodactyla |
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Classification
- Order Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)
- Tylopoda (camelids)
- Artiofabula (ruminants, pigs, peccaries, whales, and dolphins)
- Suina (pigs and peccaries)
- Cetruminantia (ruminants, whales, and dolphins)
- Suborder Ruminantia (antelope, buffalo, cattle, goats, sheep, deer, giraffes, and chevrotains)
- Family Antilocapridae (pronghorn)
- Family Bovidae, 135 species (antelope, bison, buffalo, cattle, goats, and sheep)
- Family Cervidae, 55~94 species (deer, elk, and moose)
- Family Giraffidae, 2 species (giraffes, okapis)
- Family Moschidae, 4~7 species (musk deer)
- Family Tragulidae, 6~10 species (chevrotains, or mouse deer)
- Suborder Whippomorpha (aquatic or semi-aquatic even-toed ungulates)
- Infraorder Ancodonta
- Family Hippopotamidae, 2 species (hippopotamuses)
- Infraorder Cetacea (whales, dolphins, and porpoises)
- Mysticeti (baleen whales)
- Family Balaenidae, 2~4 species (right whales and bowhead whales)
- Family Balaenopteridae, 6~9 species (rorquals)
- Family Eschrichtiidae, 1 species (gray whale)
- Family Neobalaenidae, 1 species (pygmy right whale)
- Odontoceti (toothed whales, dolphins, and porpoises)
- Superfamily Delphinoidea (dolphins, arctic whales, porpoises, and relatives)
- Family Delphinidae, 38 species (dolphins, killer whales, and relatives)
- Family Monodontidae, 2 species (beluga and narwhal)
- Family Phocoenidae, 6 species (porpoises)
- Superfamily Physeteroidea (sperm whales)
- Family Kogiidae, 2 species (pygmy and dwarf sperm whales)
- Family Physeteridae, 1 species (common sperm whale)
- Superfamily Ziphoidea (beaked whales)
- Family Ziphidae, 22 species (modern beaked whales)
- Superfamily Platanistoidea (river dolphins)
- Family Iniidae, 1~3 species (South American river dolphin(s))
- Family Lipotidae, 1 species (baiji or Chinese river dolphin)
- Family Platanistidae, 1~2 species (Asian river dolphin(s))
- Family Pontoporiidae, 1 species (La Plata dolphin)
- Superfamily Delphinoidea (dolphins, arctic whales, porpoises, and relatives)
- Mysticeti (baleen whales)
- Infraorder Ancodonta
- Suborder Ruminantia (antelope, buffalo, cattle, goats, sheep, deer, giraffes, and chevrotains)
References
- ^ A higher-level MRP supertree of placental mammals
- ^ Beck, N.R. (2006). "A higher-level MRP supertree of placental mammals". BMC Evol Biol. 6: 93. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-6-93. PMC 1654192. PMID 17101039.
- ^ O'Leary, M.A.; Bloch, J.I.; Flynn, J.J.; Gaudin, T.J.; Giallombardo, A.; Giannini, N.P.; et al. (2013). "The placental mammal ancestor and the post-K-Pg radiation of placentals". Science. 339 (6120): 662–667. doi:10.1126/science.1229237. hdl:11336/7302. PMID 23393258. S2CID 206544776.
- ^ Song, S.; Liu, L.; Edwards, S.V.; Wu, S. (2012). "Resolving conflict in eutherian mammal phylogeny using phylogenomics and the multispecies coalescent model". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 109 (37): 14942–14947. doi:10.1073/pnas.1211733109. PMC 3443116. PMID 22930817.
- ^ dos Reis, M.; Inoue, J.; Hasegawa, M.; Asher, R.J.; Donoghue, P.C.J.; Yang, Z. (2012). "Phylogenomic datasets provide both precision and accuracy in estimating the timescale of placental mammal phylogeny". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 279 (1742): 3491–3500. doi:10.1098/rspb.2012.0683. PMC 3396900. PMID 22628470.
- ^ Upham, N.S.; Esselstyn, J.A.; Jetz, W. (2019). "Inferring the mammal tree: Species-level sets of phylogenies for questions in ecology, evolution, and conservation". PLOS Biology. 17 (12): e3000494. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000494. PMC 6892540. PMID 31800571; (see fig S10)