C/1886 J1 (Brooks)

For other comets of the same name, see Comet Brooks.
C/1886 J1 (Brooks)
Telescopic view of Comet Brooks, drawn by Edward E. Barnard from Nashville, Tennessee on 7 May 1886.[1]
Discovery[2]
Discovered byWilliam Robert Brooks
Discovery sitePhelps, New York
Discovery date1 May 1886
Designations
1886 III, 1886b[3]
Orbital characteristics[4][5]
Epoch9 May 1886 (JD 2410035.5)
Observation arc19 days
Number of
observations		19
Aphelion~4,200 AU (inbound)
Perihelion0.842 AU
Semi-major axis~2,100 AU (inbound)
Eccentricity0.99959 (inbound)
1.00020 (outbound)
Inclination100.21°
289.36°
Argument of
periapsis		38.593°
Last perihelion4 May 1886
Earth MOID0.067 AU
Jupiter MOID0.720 AU
Physical characteristics[6]
Comet total
magnitude (M1)		4.9
7.0–8.0
(1886 apparition)

C/1886 J1 (Brooks) is a parabolic comet that was observed between May and June 1886. It was William Robert Brooks's second comet discovery in 1886, and his fifth overall.[1]

Observational history

Just two days after discovering his first comet of the year,[a] Brooks spotted another one within the constellation Pegasus on 1 May 1886,[b] which he described as "having a small, but bright and stellar head, and a conspicuous tail".[2] By 3 May, E. A. Lamp observed the comet from Kiel, noting that it was "very bright in twilight with a notable tail and yellowish nucleus".[8] At the time, the comet was around magnitude 7.0–8.0 in brightness.[6]

Orbit

A number of astronomers, including Adolf Berberich,[9] Edgar Frisby and H. V. Egbert,[10] Rudolf F. Spitaler and Hermann Oppenheim,[11] and Giovanni Celoria,[12] calculated the orbit for C/1886 J1, concluding with a parabolic solution using the observations taken within a span of 19 days. Later, in 1908 and 1909, Caroline E. Furness and Emma P. Waterman,[13] as well as Hermann Kobold,[14] would revise their solutions into a weakly hyperbolic trajectory, indicating that the comet reached perihelion on 4 May 1886 at a distance of 0.842 AU (126.0 million km) from the Sun.

Potential meteor shower

While working on his own orbital calculations for the comet, Edmund Weiss noticed that the ascending node for C/1886 J1 passed within 0.067 AU (10.0 million km) from Earth's orbit, suggesting a possibility of a meteor shower that may occur in a radiant within the constellation Phoenix.[c] However, no such meteor shower activity was detected.[15]

References

Notes

  1. ^ William Robert Brooks discovered C/1886 H1 on 28 April 1886.[6][7]
  2. ^ Reported initial position upon discovery was: α = 23h 00m , δ = 21° 00′[6]
  3. ^ The potential meteor shower's radiant was predicted at the following coordinates: α = 1.2h 00m , δ = –42° 00′[15]

Citations

  1. ^ a b E. E. Barnard (1886). "Brooks' Second Comet, 1886". The Observatory. 9 (113): 278. Bibcode:1886Obs.....9..278B. ISSN 0029-7704.
  2. ^ a b W. F. Brooks (1886). "Entdeckung zweier neuen Cometen von Brooks". Astronomische Nachrichten (in German). 114 (14): 223–224. Bibcode:1886AN....114..223.. doi:10.1002/asna.18861141405.
  3. ^ "Comet Names and Designations". International Comet Quarterly. Retrieved 2 July 2025.
  4. ^ "Barycentric Osculating Orbital Elements for Comet C/1886 J1 (Brooks) in epoch 1800 and 2200". JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System. Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 2 July 2025. (Solution using the Solar System's barycenter (Sun+Jupiter). Select Ephemeris Type:Elements and Center:@0)
  5. ^ "C/1886 J1 (Brooks) – JPL Small-Body Database Lookup". ssd.jpl.nasa.gov. Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 2 July 2025.
  6. ^ a b c d G. W. Kronk (2003). Cometography: A Catalog of Comets. Vol. 2: 1800–1899. Cambridge University Press. pp. 571–573. ISBN 978-0-521-58505-7.
  7. ^ "C/1886 H1 (Brooks) – JPL Small-Body Database Lookup". ssd.jpl.nasa.gov. Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 3 July 2025.
  8. ^ E. A. Lamp (1886). "Beobachtungen des neuen Cometen Brooks 2". Astronomische Nachrichten (in German). 114 (15): 237–238. Bibcode:1886AN....114..237L. doi:10.1002/asna.18861141509.
  9. ^ A. Berberich (1886). "Elemente und Ephemeriden der Cometen 1886 … (Brooks 1 und Brooks 2)". Astronomische Nachrichten (in German). 114 (17): 303. Bibcode:1886AN....114..303B. doi:10.1002/asna.18861141707.
  10. ^ E. Frisby; H. V. Egbert (1886). "Elemente der Cometen 1886 … (Brooks 1 und Brooks 2)". Astronomische Nachrichten (in German). 114 (17): 303. Bibcode:1886AN....114..303E. doi:10.1002/asna.18861141708.
  11. ^ R. F. Spitaler; H. Oppenheim. "Elemente und Ephemeriden des Cometen 1886 … (Brooks 2)". Astronomische Nachrichten (in German). 114 (17): 301–302. Bibcode:1886AN....114..301S. doi:10.1002/asna.18861141706.
  12. ^ G. Celoria (1887). "Osservazioni ed orbita della Cometa 1886 III". Astronomische Nachrichten (in Italian). 117 (1): 9–10. Bibcode:1887AN....117....9C. doi:10.1002/asna.18871170106.
  13. ^ C. E. Furness; E. P. Waterman (1908). "Definitive Orbit of Comet 1886 III". Astronomische Abhandlungen als Ergänzungshefte zu den Astronomische Nachrichten. 14: 26–35. Bibcode:1908AAAN...14...26F.
  14. ^ H. A. Kobold (1886). "Über die Bahn des Kometen 1886 III". Astronomische Nachrichten (in German). 182 (3): 33–42. Bibcode:1909AN....182...33K. doi:10.1002/asna.19091820302.
  15. ^ a b E. Weiss (1886). "Notiz über den Radiationspunkt von Meteoren aus der Bahn des Cometen 1886… (Brooks 2)". Astronomische Nachrichten (in German). 114 (23): 399–400. Bibcode:1886AN....114..399W. doi:10.1002/asna.18861142308.
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