Bushi language
| Kibosy | |
|---|---|
| Shibushi, Kibushi | |
| bushi-majunga بُوشِ-مَچُونْڠَ | |
| Native to | Mayotte |
Native speakers | 60,000 (2017)[1] |
Austronesian
| |
| Latin Arabic[2][3] | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | buc |
| Glottolog | bush1250 |
Bushi or Kibosy (Shibushi or Kibushi) is a dialect of Malagasy spoken in the Indian Ocean island of Mayotte. Malagasy dialects most closely related to Bushi are spoken in northwestern Madagascar in the area of Antsiranana (Diego-Suarez) and Mahajanga (Majunga), which is also the closest point in Madagascar to Mayotte. Kibosy and Majunga together are considered one of the Malagasy languages by Glottolog.
Geographical distribution
Bushi is known as Kibushi on Mayotte and is spoken by 40% of the island's people (1980). It is spoken alongside the Maore dialect (Shimaore), a Bantu language. Historically, Kibushi and Shimaore have been spoken in certain villages but Shimaore tends to be the de facto indigenous lingua franca in everyday life because of the larger Shimaore-speaking population. Only Shimaore is represented on the local television news program by Réseau Outre-Mer 1re. Dialects of Bushi in Mayotte (known as Shibushi in Shimaore) include Kiantalaotsy and Kibushi-Kimaore (Shibushi-Shimaore in Shimaore).
Bushi is spoken along the west coast of the main island (Grande-Terre) including the villages of Bambo Est, M'Boueni, Passy-Kéli, Mronabeja, Kani-Kéli, Chirongui, Poroani, Ouangani, Chiconi, Sohoa, M'Tsangamouji, Acoua, Mtsangadoua, and Handrema.
Phonology
In Mayotte, Bushi was traditionally written with an informal French-based Latin orthography. On 22 February 2006, the Conseil de la culture, de l'éducation et de l'environnement de Mayotte introduced an official alphabet that utilizes the basic Latin alphabet without c, j, q, and x and uses three extra letters: ɓ, ɗ, and n̈.[4] Here, the letters used in the orthography are bolded, their IPA counterparts in brackets. On March 3, 2020, the Conseil départemental de Mayotte announced the adoption of official orthographies in both Latin and Arabic scripts for Kibushi.[3][5]
Vowels
Bushi has five vowels.
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| Close | i ⟨i⟩ | u ⟨u⟩ |
| Close-mid | e ⟨e⟩ | o ⟨o⟩ |
| Open | a ⟨a⟩ | |
Consonants
Bushi has 20 consonants.
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m ⟨m⟩ | n ⟨n⟩ | ŋ ⟨n̈⟩ | |||
| Plosive | voiceless | p ⟨p⟩ | t ⟨t⟩ | k ⟨k⟩ | ||
| voiced | b ⟨b⟩ | d ⟨d⟩ | ɡ ⟨g⟩ | |||
| implosive | ɓ ⟨ɓ⟩ | ɗ ⟨ɗ⟩ | ||||
| Fricative | voiceless | f ⟨f⟩ | s ⟨s⟩ | h ⟨h⟩ | ||
| voiced | v ⟨v⟩ | z ⟨z⟩ | ||||
| Approximant | l ⟨l⟩ | j ⟨y⟩ | w ⟨w⟩ | |||
| Trill | r ⟨r⟩ | |||||
Vocabulary
Number
- number or digit: isaka
- to count: mañisaka
| Number | English | Shibushi |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | one | araiky |
| 2 | two | aroy (or aroay) |
| 3 | three | telo |
| 4 | four | efatra |
| 5 | five | dimy |
| 6 | six | tchouta (or tsiota or tshouta) |
| 7 | seven | fito |
| 8 | eight | valo |
| 9 | nine | sivy |
| 10 | ten | folo |
| 11 | eleven | folo araiky amby (or ambin' ny) |
| 12 | twelve | folo aro amby |
| 13 | thirteen | folo telo amby |
| 14 | fourteen | folo efatra amby |
| 15 | fifteen | folo dimy amby |
| 16 | sixteen | folo tchouta amby |
| 17 | seventeen | folo fito amby |
| 18 | eighteen | folo valo amby |
| 19 | nineteen | folo sivy amby |
| 20 | twenty | aro polo |
| 30 | thirty | telo polo |
| 40 | forty | efa polo |
| 50 | fifty | dimy polo |
| 60 | sixty | tsiota polo |
| 70 | seventy | fito polo |
| 80 | eighty | valo polo |
| 90 | ninety | sivy polo |
| 100 | one hundred | zato |
| 101 | one hundred and one | zato araiky |
| 110 | one hundred and ten | zato folo |
| 111 | one hundred and eleven | zato folo araiky amby |
| 200 | two hundred | aro zato (or aroan zato) |
| 300 | three hundred | telon zato |
| 400 | four hundred | efan zato (tra disappears) |
| 500 | five hundred | diman zato |
| 600 | six hundred | tsiotan zato |
| 700 | seven hundred | fiton zato |
| 800 | eight hundred | valon zato |
| 900 | nine hundred | sivin zato |
| 1,000 | one thousand | arivo |
| 2,000 | two thousand | aroy arivo |
| 3,000 | three thousand | telo arivo |
| 4,000 | four thousand | efatra arivo |
| 5,000 | five thousand | dimy arivo |
| 10,000 | ten thousand | Alina |
| 100,000 | one hundred thousand | hetsy |
| 1,000,000 | one million | tapitrisa |
| 1,000,000,000 | one billion | miliara |
Standard Malagasy and Kibushi: A Vocabulary Comparison
| Gloss | Standard Malagasy | Kibushi |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | iray | araiky |
| 2 | roa | aroy (or aroay) |
| 3 | telo | telo |
| 4 | efatra | efatra |
| 5 | dimy | dimy |
| 6 | enina | tchouta (or tsiota or tshouta) |
| 7 | fito | fito |
| 8 | valo | valo |
| 9 | sivy | sivy |
| 10 | folo | folo |
| I | Izaho/Aho | Za |
| You | Anao/Anareo | Ano/Anareo |
| He/She | Izy | Izy |
| We | Isika | Atsika |
| They | Zareo | Reo |
| All | Rehetra/avy | Jiaby |
| And | Sy | Ndreka |
| Yet | Mbola | Mbo |
| Not | Tsy | Tsy |
| Too | Koa | Aka |
| Today | Androany | Niany |
| Week | Herinandro | Herignandra |
| In/Inside | Anaty | Ankaty |
| Thing | Zavatra | Raha |
| Food | Sakafo/Anina | Agniny |
| Child | Zaza | Tseky |
| Woman | Vehevavy | Viavy |
| Man | Lalahy | Lehilahy |
| Thank you | Misaotra | Marahaba |
| France | Frantsa | Farantsa |
| Your house | Tranonareo | Tragnonareo |
| To listen | Mihaino | Mitandregny |
See also
Notes
- ^ Kibosy at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
- ^ “Le Conseil Départemental a Tranché, l’alphabet Des Langues Mahoraises Se Fera En Caractères Latins et Arabes.” Mayotte la 1ère, October 15, 2020. [1]. (Archive)
- ^ a b https://cg976.fr/ressources/raa/2020/?file=bulletinofficiel_30032020 (Archive)
- ^ Alphabet du Kibushi Archived July 20, 2011, at the Wayback Machine (in French)
- ^ https://cg976.fr/ressources/dcp/?file=alphabets-langues-mahoraises (Archive