Brahuistan

Brahuistan, also spelt Brahvistan and Brohistan, and sometimes referred to as the Brahui belt, (Brahui: براھوئستان; lit. 'Land of the Brahuis') is a region in central Balochistan in what are now Pakistan and Afghanistan primarily inhabited by the Brahuis, an ethnic group which natively speaks the Brahui language. In the twenty-first century, Brahui nationalism has been developed around the idea of a separate Brahuistan, consisting of Kalat in Pakistan and Registan in Afghanistan.[1][2]

Historically Brahuis were pastoralists primarily confined to the Central Brahui Range; in the 17th century various Brahui tribes were unified by the Brahui Ahmedzai dynasty which led to the creation of Khanate of Kalat, also known as the "Brahui Confederacy".[3] At its greatest extent in the 18th century, the Brahui Confederacy controlled the wider Balochistan region. However, the traditional Brahui homeland or Brahuistan is a narrow corridor stretching from Nushki in the north to Khuzdar in the south,[3] separating the Pashtun-majority regions in the northern Balochistan from the Baloch-majority Makran. During the British colonial period, several British ethnographers suggested the Kalat state to be renamed as Brahuistan, but the suggestion was ultimately not implemented due to the ongoing Great Game.[4] Fred Scholz suggests that the British Raj, perhaps precisely because they were taking over the Brahui kingdom, chose not to call the region Brahuistan.[5]

Brahuistan is further divided into two major parts, Sarawan in the north and Jhalawan in the south, inhabited by the Sarawani and Jhalawani Brahui tribes, respectively.[3] Today most of Brahuistan, with the exception of Nushki, is part of Kalat Division. According to the 2023 Census of Pakistan, the districts of Khuzdar, Nushki, Kalat, Mastung and Surab have a Brahui majority. Kalat Division, which consists of most of the former state of Kalat, is the only Brahui-majority division of Balochistan.[6]

References

  1. ^ Minahan, James (2016). "Brahui". Encyclopedia of Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups Around the World (2nd ed.). Santa Barbara, California: Greenwood. pp. 79–80. ISBN 978-979-8216-14-5. Brahuistan occupies a semiarid region, forming the Kalat area of Balochistan, districts in eastern Sindh, and Registan, the southern districts of Kandahar and Helmand in Afghanistan.
  2. ^ "Culture and Heritage (of Balochistan)". Government of Balochistan, Pakistan website. Archived from the original on 1 June 2013. Retrieved 5 May 2025.
  3. ^ a b c Elfenbein, Josef (1989). "Brahui". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. IV/4: Bolbol I–Brick. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 433–443. ISBN 978-0-71009-127-7.
  4. ^ Nadiem, Ihsan H. (2007). "Languages and Tribes". Balochistan: Land, History, People. Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications. p. 15. ISBN 978-969-35-2023-1.
  5. ^ Scholz, Fred (2002) [1972]. Nomadism and Colonialism: a Hundred Years of Baluchistan, 1872-1972. Oxford University Press. p. 21. ISBN 9780195796384. When British colonial power set about conquering the north-west regions of India in the first half of the nineteenth century, the lion's share of the mountainous region west of Sind and the Punjab was being ruled by the Brahui, one of the three large tribal groups living there. And notwithstanding, or, perhaps, just because the British succeeded the Brahui kingdom, they called the newly conquered land not Brahuistan but Baluchistan
  6. ^ "Population by mother tongue, sex and rural/urban, census-2023" (PDF). Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, Government of Pakistan website. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 October 2024. Retrieved 5 May 2025.

Further reading

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