Aureoboletus russellii
| Aureoboletus russellii | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Boletales |
| Family: | Boletaceae |
| Genus: | Aureoboletus |
| Species: | A. russellii
|
| Binomial name | |
| Aureoboletus russellii (Frost) G. Wu & Zhu L. Yang (2016)
| |
| Synonyms[1] | |
|
Boletus russellii Frost (1878) | |
| Aureoboletus russellii | |
|---|---|
| Pores on hymenium | |
| Cap is convex | |
| Hymenium is adnate | |
| Stipe is bare | |
| Spore print is olive | |
| Ecology is mycorrhizal | |
| Edibility is edible | |
Aureoboletus russellii, commonly known as the jagged-stemmed bolete[2] or Russell's bolete, is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae. The fruit bodies are characterized by their coarsely shaggy stem. The yellow-brown to reddish-brown caps are initially velvety, but become cracked into patches with age.
An edible species, it is found in Asia and eastern North America, where it grows in a mycorrhizal association with oak, hemlock, and pine trees.
Taxonomy
Originally named Boletus russellii by Charles Christopher Frost in 1878 from collections made in New England,[3] the species was transferred to Boletellus by Edouard-Jean Gilbert in 1931.[4] It was then transferred to Aureoboletus by Gang Wu and Zhu L. Yang in 2016.[5] The specific epithet russellii honors American botanist and Unitarian minister John Lewis Russell, the first collector of the species.[6] Common names given to the mushroom include shagnet,[7] jagged-stem bolete,[8] and Russell's bolete.[9]
Description
The cap is hemispheric to convex or broadly convex, reaching a diameter of 3–13 cm (1+1⁄4–5 in).[2] The cap surface is initially velvety, with a margin rolled inward, but after maturing the cap becomes cracked and forms scale-like patches.[2] The color is yellow-brown to reddish-brown to olive-gray, while the flesh is pale yellow to yellow.[2] The pore surface is yellow to greenish yellow;[2] when the pore surface is rubbed or injured it will turn a brighter yellow color. The pores are angular, and about 1 mm wide, while the tubes that comprise the pores are up to 2 cm (3⁄4 in) deep.
The stem is up to 20 cm (8 in) long and 1–2 cm (3⁄8–3⁄4 in) thick, and either roughly equal in width throughout, or slightly thicker at the base.[2] Reddish brown to pinkish tan in color, the stem is solid (i.e. not hollow or stuffed with a pith), sometimes curved and viscid at the base. The surface texture is characterized by deep grooves and ridges, with the ridges torn and branched so as to appear shaggy.[2] No partial veil or ring are present.[2]
The spore print is olive brown.[2] The spores are ellipsoid, measuring 15–20 by 7–11 μm.[9] Similar to the reticulation of the stem,[8] the spore surfaces have deep longitudinal grooves and furrows, sometimes with a cleft in the wall at the top of the spore.[9]
Similar species
Aureoboletus betula is somewhat similar in stature and also has a deeply reticulate stem, but can be distinguished by its smooth, shinier cap and spores with pits.[9] Boletellus ananas is somewhat similar.[2]
Habitat and distribution
Aureoboletus russellii is known from eastern North America,[10] where it grows singly or scattered on the ground in association with oak, hemlock, and pine trees. The geographic range extends from eastern Canada south to Central America,[8] and west to Michigan and southern Arizona. It is also found in Asia, including Korea[11] and Taiwan.[12]
Uses
The fruit bodies are edible,[9] but of low culinary interest due to being soft and little flavour.[2][8]
See also
References
- ^ "Boletellus russellii (Frost) E.-J. Gilbert 1931". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Retrieved 2012-08-31.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Arora, David (1986) [1979]. Mushrooms Demystified: A Comprehensive Guide to the Fleshy Fungi (2nd ed.). Berkeley, CA: Ten Speed Press. pp. 508–509. ISBN 978-0-89815-170-1.
- ^ Peck CH. (1878). "Report of the Botanist (1875)". Annual Report on the New York State Museum of Natural History. 29: 29–83.
- ^ Gilbert E-J. Les Livres du Mycologue Tome I-IV, Tom. III: Les Bolets (in French). pp. 1–254 (see pg. 107).
- ^ Wu, Gang; Li, Yan-Chun; Zhu, Xue-Tai; Zhao, Kuan; Han, Li-Hong; Cui, Yang-Yang; Li, Fang; Xu, Jian-Ping; Yang, Zhu L. (2016). "One hundred noteworthy boletes from China". Fungal Diversity. 81: 25–188 [59]. doi:10.1007/s13225-016-0375-8.
- ^ Smith AH, Weber NS (1980). The Mushroom Hunter's Field Guide. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. p. 112. ISBN 0-472-85610-3.
- ^ McKnight VB, McKnight KH (1987). A Field Guide to Mushrooms: North America. Peterson Field Guides. Boston, Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin. p. 101. ISBN 0-395-91090-0.
- ^ a b c d Roberts P, Evans S (2011). The Book of Fungi. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. p. 327. ISBN 978-0226721170.
- ^ a b c d e Bessette AE, Roody WC, Bessette AR (2000). North American Boletes. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press. pp. 86–7. ISBN 9780815605881.
- ^ Kuo M. (November 2006). "Boletellus russellii". MushroomExpert.com. Retrieved 2012-08-31.
- ^ An Y-H. (1998). "Notes on Korean Strobilomycetaceae (II) – on Boletellus". Korean Journal of Mycology (in Korean). 26 (2): 211–29. ISSN 0253-651X.
- ^ Chen CM, Yeh KW, Hsu HK (1998). "The boletes of Taiwan (X)". Taiwania. 43 (2): 140–9. ISSN 0372-333X.