Battle of Diyarbakır (1436)
| Battle of Diyarbakır | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Janibak al-Sufi revolt | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||||
| Mamluk Sultanate | Aq Qoyunlu | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
|
Barsbay (indirectly) Sayf al-Din Inal Gökçe Musa |
Ali Beg Hüseyin Mirza (POW) Jahangir Mirza (POW) Hamza Bey Bayandur | ||||||||
| Strength | |||||||||
| Unknown but more | 12,000[1] | ||||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
| Unknown | Nearly entire army killed | ||||||||
Battle of Diyarbakır was fought between the Mamluk Sultanate and the Aq Qoyunlu in 1436, The Mamluks, aided by Döğer Turkmens achieved a decisive victory, capturing Jahangir Mirza and forcing the Aq Qoyunlu to cede Harput.
Background
In 1435, Uthman Beg was defeated in a battle against the Qara Qoyunlu near Erzurum. He was wounded and later died from his injuries, succeeded by his son, Ali Beg.[2]
During his reign, a rebellion supported by the Aq Qoyunlu was ongoing in the Mamluk Sultanate. In 1436, the rebels and the Dulkadirids were defeated at Aintab, weakening the revolt.[3]
Seeing the rebels defeated, Ali Beg sought peace with the Mamluks and sent his son Hüseyin to Cairo, but he was imprisoned by Sultan Barsbay, who ordered his Döger Türkmen border guards in Diyar Mudar to attack Diyarbakır.[4]
Battle
At first Jahangir Mirza tried to ambush the Mamluk forces at Şeyhkent, Karaca Dağ but failed and his army was encircled,[5] along with Ali Beg and Hamza Bey Bayandur.
After a long battle, the larger Mamluk army routed the Aq Qoyunlu forces. Döger Turkmens under Gökçe Musa, together with Circassian Mamluks led by Sayf al-Din Inal, defeated the Aq Qoyunlu army and captured Jahangir.[4][6] Most of the Aq Qoyunlu soldiers perished in the battle.[7]
Following this defeat, Ali Beg was forced to cede Harput to the Mamluks.[4]
See also
References
- ^ Khatib, Mustafa. الحرب الكبرى بين المصريين والآق قويونلو: رواية تاريخية لعام 1438 هـ (in Arabic).
- ^ Faruk Sümer (1988–2016). "AKKOYUNLULAR XV. yüzyılda Doğu Anadolu, Azerbaycan ve Irak'ta hüküm süren Türkmen hânedanı (1340-1514).". TDV Encyclopedia of Islam (44+2 vols.) (in Turkish). Istanbul: Turkiye Diyanet Foundation, Centre for Islamic Studies.
- ^ Adriaenssens, Veerle; Van Steenbergen, Jo (2021). "Mamluk authorities and Anatolian realities: Jānibak al-Ṣūfī, sultan al-Ashraf Barsbāy, and the story of a social network in the Mamluk / Anatolian frontier zone, 1435–1438". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. 31 (4): 619.
- ^ a b c Akkuş, Fatma (2005). Ak Koyunlu-Memlûk Münâsebetleri. Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi. pp. 74–76.
- ^ Gündüz, Tufan (2007). Anadolu'da Türkmen Aşiretleri: Bozulus Türkmenleri, 1540–1640. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Yayınları. p. 69. ISBN 9789751604897.
- ^ Çetinoğlu, Oğuz (2008). Açıklamalı‑Yorumlu Kronolojik Kültür‑Sanat ve Tarih Ansiklopedisi. Bilgeoğuz Yayınları. p. 2470. ISBN 9789756217993.
- ^ Woods, John E. (January 1999). "The Aqquyunlu: Clan, Confederation, Empire". Academia.edu. pp. 64–65. Retrieved 24 May 2025.