Andreas Tsipas
Andreas Tsipas | |
|---|---|
| General Secretary of the Communist Party of Greece | |
| In office July 1941 – September 1941 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1904 Patele, Ottoman Empire (now Agios Panteleimonas, Florina, Greece) |
| Died | 1956 Bitola, Yugoslavia |
| Political party | Communist Party of Greece |
Andreas Tsipas (Greek: Ανδρέας Τσίπας; Macedonian: Андреjа Чипов, romanized: Andreja Čipov;[1] Bulgarian: Андрей Чипов, romanized: Andrey Chipov;[2][3] 1904–1956) was a Slavic Macedonian leader of the Greek Communist Party during the Second World War.
Biography
Andreas Tsipas was from Agios Panteleimonas.[4] He was a Slavic Macedonian.[5] In the interwar period, Tsipas was a member of IMRO (United) in Greek Macedonia, part of its left–wing faction and supported autonomy for Macedonia.[6] Tsipas became a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Greece (KKE). He was a KKE candidate in the last pre-war Greek legislative elections in 1936.
In the KKE, Tsipas was pro–Bulgarian.[7] Between 1935 and 1941, he was imprisoned at Acronauplia prison.[6] In June 1941, the Bulgarians secured his release.[7] Tsipas was one of 27 communist prisoners released from the Acronauplia at the request of the Bulgarian embassy in Athens with the intercession of Bulgarian Club in Thessaloniki, which had made representations to the German occupation authorities. With the permission from the leader of KKE Giannis Ioannides[8] to reconstruct the Greek Communist Party, they all declared Bulgarian ethnicity.[9] Some merely pretended to be a Bulgarian in order to be set free, such as Kostas Lazaridis who was a Pontic Greek, Andreas Tzimas a Greek Vlach,[10] Petros Kentros of Arvanite and Vlach descent, etc.[11][12]
After his release, Tsipas followed orders from the KKE leadership and worked with Tzimas to form local committees in Athens.[13] Tsipas and others set about reorganising the decimated KKE. Along with Andreas Tzimas and Kostas Lazaridis, also released from prison, and Petros Rousos, Pandelis Karankitzis and Chrysa Hatzivasileiou constituted themselves as a new central committee. For a brief period Tsipas became leader of the KKE as its secretary–general.[4] The role was given to him at a meeting in July 1941, subsequently named as the VI Plenum by the KKE. This new central committee succeeded in winning the recognition of the "old central committee" and the "provisional leadership" wings of the party.
At the VII Plenum of the central committee, held the following September, Tsipas was relieved of his post owing to "political unreliability". He had disputes with several high ranking leaders of the KKE.[6] Tsipas was careless in security terms and abused alcohol.[13] One account claims that after running up a bill in a bar, he sent the barman to the secret meeting place of the politburo, where someone was expected to pay his bill.[1] After the removal from his post, he was isolated.[14] During the occupation of Greece, he was arrested by Greek authorities and the Italians handed Tsipas over to the Bulgarians.[13] Later he left for Bulgaria through the assistance of the Bulgarian Club of Thessaloniki and the organisation Ohrana.[6]
In January 1942, he sought refuge in Sofia, where he remained for eight months.[14] According to some sources then he was an agent of the Bulgarian secret service.[15][16] In 1944, Tsipas through the National Liberation Front (NOF) returned and was present in Yugoslav Macedonia at the conclusion of the Second World War.[6]
During the Greek Civil War, he was active in the (NOF) working as a nurse. After the defeat of the Democratic Army of Greece, he fled to SFRY in the Socialist Republic of Macedonia, in the city of Bitola, where he died in 1956,[17] suffering from alcoholism.[18]
Notes
- ^ Communist Party of Greece, List of General Secretaries Archived 2011-11-17 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Яковос Д. Михайлидис, Славяномакедонски политемигранти в Народна Република Македония (1949-1954), сп. Македонски преглед, кн.1, 2003 г., стр. 57-71.
- ^ Prof. Giza, Antony. The Balkan Countries and the Macedonian Question, 4-8 (translation from Polish by Dimitar Dimitrov), Macedonian Scientific Institute, Sofia, 2001)
- ^ a b Koliopoulos 1999, pp. 53, 152, 250.
- ^ Koliopoulos 1999, pp. 144, 152–153.
- ^ a b c d e Koliopoulos 1999, p. 152.
- ^ a b Koliopoulos 1999, p.250.
- ^ Γιάννης Ιωαννίδης, Αναμνήσεις. Προβλήματα της πολιτικής του ΚΚΕ στην Εθνική Αντίσταση (1940-1945), επιμ. Αλέκου Παπαναγιώτου, σσ. 86, 87, Αθήνα 1979
- ^ Διδακτορική Διατριβή Δορδανάς,Στράτος (2002, Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης (ΑΠΘ)), Αντίποινα των γερμανικών αρχών κατοχής στη Μακεδονία (1941-1944) σελ 50-51
- ^ Άρης Βελουχιώτης: Το χαμένο αρχείο, άγνωστα κείμενα Η στάση της ηγεσίας του ΚΚΕ απέναντι στον Άρη Βελουχιώτη, 1941-1945 Γρηγόρη Φαράκου σελ 137 Tzimas said: Η υπόθεση είχε και την κωμική της πλευρά. Έξω από μένα, Έλληνα 100%, που μπορούσε όμως, εν ανάγκη, να περάσει και για Σλαβομακεδόνας γιατί ήξερα καλά τα Σλαβομακεδόνικα και είχα μεγάλη επαφή και σχέσεις με Σλαβομακεδόνες, βγήκαν και <<Σλαβομακεδόνες>>από τη Μικρά Ασία ...και μάλιστα τέτοιοι, που δε ξέρανε ούτε λέξη σλαβομακεδόνικα
- ^ Γιάννης Ιωαννίδης, Αναμνήσεις. Προβλήματα της πολιτικής του ΚΚΕ στην Εθνική Αντίσταση (1940-45), επιμ. Αλέκου Παπαναγιώτου, σσ. 86, 87, Αθήνα 1979
- ^ Καλλιανιώτης,Αθανάσιος (2007, Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης (ΑΠΘ)), Οι πρόσφυγες στη Δυτική Μακεδονία (1941-46)
- ^ a b c Koliopoulos, John S. (1999). Plundered Loyalties: Axis Occupation and Civil Strife in Greek West Macedonia, 1941–1949. Hurst. p. 153. ISBN 9781850653813.
- ^ a b Bŭlgarsko istorichesko druzhestvo, Institut za istoria (Bŭlgarska akademia na naukite) Издател, 2000, str. 156.
- ^ André Gerolymatos. Guerrilla warfare and espionage in Greece, 1940-1944, Pella Pub. Co, 1992; ISBN 0-918618-50-9, pp. 181-82.
- ^ Petŭr Iapov. Nikola Geshev, koĭto ne beshe samo politsaĭ!, Zad zavesata, Makon-S, 1999, p. 98, ISBN 9544110844.
- ^ Киселиновски, Стојан. Македонски дејци (ХХ век). Скопје, 2002, 236—237
- ^ Καλλιανιώτης,Αθανάσιος (2007, Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης (ΑΠΘ)), Οι πρόσφυγες στη Δυτική Μακεδονία (1941 - 1946) εκεί πέθανε ίσως από το πολύ ποτό