Al-Haraka al-Islahiya al-Islamiya

Al-Haraka al-Islahiya al-Islamiya or Movement for Islamic Reform (Arabic: حركة الإصلاح الإسلامي, romanized: al-Haraka al-Islahiya al-Islamiya, lit. 'Reform Movement') is a Shi'i protest group in Saudi Arabia active in the 1980s and 1990s. Vali Nasr includes the group as part of the "Shia revival" following the 1979 Iranian Revolution.[1] According to Robert G. Rabil, it was led by Sheikh Hassan al-Saffar who changed the name of his group to al-Haraka al-Islahiya in the 1990s.[2] In 1993, Shia dissidents in Saudi (if not al-Haraka al-Islahiya itself) gained some improvements in their conditions, under reforms by King Abdullah, but this "came to a screeching halt" in 2011 with the Arab Spring.[2]

See also

References

  1. ^ Nasr, Vali, The Shia Revival, Norton, (2006), p.139
  2. ^ a b Rabil, Robert G. (30 October 2018). "Saudi Arabia, Shi'ism and the Illusion of Reform – by". Syrian Comment. Retrieved 13 June 2023.


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