Agnes Grebill

Agnes Grebill of Tenterden (died 1511) was an English Lollard martyr from Kent.

Biography

Information about Grebill's life mostly comes from evidence given against her by members of her own family during her heresy trial in 1511.[1]

Her husband was a weaver who worked in Tenterden and Benenden, Kent. When Grebill was about thirty she was converted to Lollard beliefs by the teachings of John Ive and William Carder.[2][3] Grebill and her husband later instructed their sons (John Grebill and Christopher Grebill) in Lollardy and were central figures in a network of those with Lollard beliefs in the county of Kent.[1][3] In line with Lollard beliefs, Grebill was anticlerical and felt that confession could only be good if "made to a priest being the follower of Peter and being pure and clean in life."[4]

In 1511, Grebill was brought to trial before Archbishop William Warham of Canterbury,[1] along with her husband and sons, accused of heretical beliefs.[5] When tried, she was at least sixty years old.[1][6] Grebill was the only member of her family who refused to recant,[7] and her husband and one of their sons later testified against her.[8]

Archbishop Warham pronounced Grebill an "obstinate heretic."[1] She was handed over to the secular courts[1] and was burned at the stake,[5] dying alongside four other female Lollards.[2]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Tanner, Norman P. "Early sixteenth-century Lollard women". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-50538#odnb-9780198614128-e-50538-headword-7 (inactive 10 April 2025). Retrieved 5 April 2025.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of April 2025 (link)
  2. ^ a b Hartley, Cathy (2003). A Historical Dictionary of British Women. Psychology Press. pp. 191–192. ISBN 978-1-85743-228-2.
  3. ^ a b Sweetinburgh, Sheila (2010). Later Medieval Kent, 1220-1540. Boydell & Brewer. p. 174. ISBN 978-0-85115-584-5.
  4. ^ Marshall, Peter (1 January 2017). Heretics and Believers: A History of the English Reformation. Yale University Press. p. 109. ISBN 978-0-300-17062-7.
  5. ^ a b Bose, Mishtooni; Somerset, Fiona; II, J. Patrick Hornbeck (15 February 2016). A Companion to Lollardy. BRILL. p. 55. ISBN 978-90-04-30985-2.
  6. ^ Lutton, Robert (2006). Lollardy and Orthodox Religion in Pre-Reformation England: Reconstructing Piety. Boydell & Brewer. p. 155. ISBN 978-0-86193-283-2.
  7. ^ Ward, Jennifer (12 October 2006). Women in England in the Middle Ages. A&C Black. p. 193. ISBN 978-0-8264-1985-9.
  8. ^ Muir, Elizabeth Gillan (1 January 2019). Women's History of the Christian Church: Two Thousand Years of Female Leadership. University of Toronto Press. p. 177. ISBN 978-1-4875-9384-1.
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