2025 North Indian Ocean cyclone season

2025 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
Seasonal boundaries
First system formed24 May 2025
Last system dissipatedSeason ongoing
Strongest storm
NameBOB 01
 • Maximum winds55 km/h (35 mph)
(3-minute sustained)
 • Lowest pressure988 hPa (mbar)
Seasonal statistics
Depressions2
Deep depressions1
Total fatalities65
Total damageUnknown
Related articles

The 2025 North Indian Ocean cyclone season is an ongoing event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation. The North Indian Ocean cyclone season has no official bounds, but cyclones tend to form between April and December, with the peak from May to November. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northern Indian Ocean.

The scope of this article is limited to the Indian Ocean in the Northern Hemisphere, east of the Horn of Africa and west of the Malay Peninsula. There are two main seas in the North Indian Ocean — the Arabian Sea to the west of the Indian subcontinent, abbreviated ARB by the India Meteorological Department (IMD); and the Bay of Bengal to the east as BOB. The systems that form over land are abbreviated as LAND.

The official Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre in this basin is the IMD, while the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) releases unofficial advisories. On average, four to five cyclonic storms form in this basin every season.[1]

Season summary

Systems

Depression ARB 01

Depression (IMD)
 
Duration24 May – 25 May
Peak intensity45 km/h (30 mph) (3-min);
997 hPa (mbar)

On 21 May, a tropical disturbance designated as Invest 93A formed in the Arabian Sea near the west coast of India, approximately 165 nautical miles (306 km) south-southwest of Mumbai. Favorable environmental conditions including warm sea surface temperatures and moderate wind shear allowed the system to gradually consolidate. The India Meteorological Department (IMD) forecasted its intensification into a cyclonic storm within 2 to 3 days, prompting orange and yellow weather warnings along the Konkan and Gujarat coasts, as well as widespread rainfall alerts across Kerala. This system marked the onset of tropical cyclone activity in the North Indian Ocean basin for the 2025 season.[2]

Under the influence of the tropical disturbance, a low pressure area formed over the eastern Arabian Sea off the southern Konkan-Goa coasts by 05:30 IST on 22 May.[3] By 05:30 IST on 23 May, it became a well marked low pressure area off the southern Konkan coast and persisted over the same region as of 08:30 IST.[4] The system organised into a depression by 05:30 IST on 24 May about 40 km northwest of Ratnagiri.[5] Over the next 6 hours, the depression moved slowly eastward at a speed of 5 km/h and between 11:30 and 12:30 IST it made landfall, crossing the south Konkan coast near Ratnagiri. The maximum sustained windspeed at the time was 25 knots (46 km/h) gusting to 35 knots (65 km/h).[6] The system then moved eastwards inland and[7] by 05:30 IST on 25 May, the system had weakened back into a well marked low pressure area over southern Madhya Maharastra and the adjoining regions of Marathwada and Karnataka.[8]

Deep Depression BOB 01

Deep depression (IMD)
 
Duration29 May – 30 May
Peak intensity55 km/h (35 mph) (3-min);
988 hPa (mbar)

A low pressure area formed over northwest Bay of Bengal off the coast of Odisha at 08:30 IST on 27 May.[9] Favorable environmental conditions including warm sea surface temperatures, moderate vertical wind shear over the system and the presence of warm air over Gangetic West Bengal and Bangladesh allowed it to gradually consolidate. However, the strong wind shear in the region due to the advancing southwest monsoon and insufficient time over sea before landfall limited its intensification. It became well marked at 05:30 IST on 28 May and persisted over the same region.[10] By 05:30 IST on 29 May, the system coalesced into a depression near the coasts of West Bengal and Bangladesh.[11] Thereafter, the depression moved nearly northwards and by 08:30 IST on the same day, it intensified into a deep depression.[12] Over the next 6 hours, the system continued to move nearly northwards and made landfall on the West Bengal–Bangladesh coast between Sagar Island and Khepupara, close to Raidighi. Its maximum sustained windspeed at the time was 30 knots (56 km/h) gusting to 40 knots (74 km/h).[13] It then tracked north-northeastward inland,[14] and by 05:30 IST on 30 May the system had weakened back into a depression over Bangladesh.[15] By 17:30 IST on the same day, it had degenerated into a well marked low over Meghalaya due to interaction with rugged terrain.[16]

As a result of the system, Noakhali received 168 mm (6.6 in)[17] and Dhaka 88 mm (3.5 in) of rainfall on 29 May.[18] The same day, Kolkata received light to moderate rainfall with Jinjirabazar receiving 23 mm (0.91 in) of rainfall in a timespan from noon to 20:00 IST. [19] It caused floods and landslides which killed 61, left 10 missing and affected 6.1 million people in India, with 27 deaths in Assam,[20] 12 in Arunachal Pradesh, 6 each in Meghalaya and Mizoram, 4 in Manipur, 3 in Sikkim, 2 in Tripura and 1 in Nagaland.[21] Four additional deaths occurred in Bangladesh, including 2 in Dhaka and 1 in Moheshkhali, while 8 others went missing when a trawler sank near Kutubdia. In Moheshkhali and Kutubdia, over 100 homes and farmland were flooded.[22] Another person was killed by a collapsing wall, 11 were injured by lightning strikes, over 1,400 homes were damaged and 53 landslides were observed across 33 Rohingya refugee camps.[23] The system brought heavy rainfall and strong winds to Myanmar as well. As a result, 26 homes were destroyed and 22 others were damaged in Yegyi and Dedaye Townships.[24]

Storm names

Within this basin, a tropical cyclone is assigned a name when it is judged to have reached cyclonic storm intensity with winds of 65 km/h (40 mph). The names were selected by a new list from the Regional Specialized Meteorological Center in New Delhi by mid year of 2020.[25] There is no retirement of tropical cyclone names in this basin as the list of names is only scheduled to be used once before a new list of names is drawn up. Should a named tropical cyclone move into the basin from the Western Pacific, then it will retain its original name. The next eight available names from the List of North Indian Ocean storm names are below.[26]

  • Shakhti (unused)
  • Montha (unused)
  • Senyar (unused)
  • Ditwah (unused)
  • Arnab (unused)
  • Murasu (unused)
  • Akvan (unused)
  • Kaani (unused)

Season effects

This is a table of all storms in the 2025 North Indian Ocean cyclone season. It mentions all of the season's storms and their names, duration, peak intensities according to the IMD storm scale, damage, and death totals. Damage and death totals include the damage and deaths caused when that storm was a precursor wave or extratropical low. All of the damage figures are in 2025 USD.

Name Dates Peak intensity Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Category Wind speed Pressure
ARB 01 24–25 May Depression 45 km/h (30 mph) 997 hPa (29.44 inHg) Western India, South India, Lakshadweep Unknown None
BOB 01 29–30 May Deep Depression 55 km/h (35 mph) 988 hPa (29.18 inHg) Northeast India, East India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Bhutan Unknown 65
Season aggregates
2 systems 22 May – Season ongoing 55 km/h (35 mph) 988 hPa (29.18 inHg) Unknown 65

See also

References

  1. ^ "Annual Frequency of Cyclonic Disturbances (Maximum Wind Speed of 17 Knots or More), Cyclones (34 Knots or More) and Severe Cyclones (48 Knots or More) Over the Bay of Bengal (BOB), Arabian Sea (AS) and Land Surface of India" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
  2. ^ "Joint Typhoon Warning Center". JTWC,NOAA. 22 May 2025.
  3. ^ "TROPICAL WEATHER OUTLOOK FOR THE NORTH INDIAN OCEAN (THE BAY OF BENGAL AND THE ARABIAN SEA) VALID FOR THE NEXT 168 HOURS ISSUED AT 0700 UTC OF 22.05.2025 BASED ON 0300 UTC OF 22.05.2025" (PDF). 23 May 2025.
  4. ^ "TROPICAL WEATHER OUTLOOK FOR THE NORTH INDIAN OCEAN (THE BAY OF BENGAL AND THE ARABIAN SEA) VALID FOR THE NEXT 168 HOURS ISSUED AT 0700 UTC OF 23.05.2025 BASED ON 0300 UTC OF 23.05.2025" (PDF). 24 May 2025.
  5. ^ "TROPICAL WEATHER OUTLOOK FOR THE NORTH INDIAN OCEAN (THE BAY OF BENGAL AND THE ARABIAN SEA) VALID FOR THE NEXT 168 HOURS ISSUED AT 0300 UTC OF 24.05.2025 BASED ON 0000 UTC OF 24.05.2025" (PDF). 24 May 2025.
  6. ^ "TROPICAL WEATHER OUTLOOK FOR THE NORTH INDIAN OCEAN (THE BAY OF BENGAL AND THE ARABIAN SEA) VALID FOR THE NEXT 168 HOURS ISSUED AT 0900 UTC OF 24.05.2025 BASED ON 0600 UTC OF 24.05.2025" (PDF). 25 May 2025.
  7. ^ "TROPICAL WEATHER OUTLOOK FOR THE NORTH INDIAN OCEAN (THE BAY OF BENGAL AND THE ARABIAN SEA) VALID FOR THE NEXT 168 HOURS ISSUED AT 1500 UTC OF 24.05.2025 BASED ON 1200 UTC OF 24.05.2025" (PDF). 25 May 2025.
  8. ^ "TROPICAL WEATHER OUTLOOK FOR THE NORTH INDIAN OCEAN (THE BAY OF BENGAL AND THE ARABIAN SEA) VALID FOR THE NEXT 168 HOURS ISSUED AT 0700 UTC OF 24.05.2025 BASED ON 0300 UTC OF 25.05.2025" (PDF). 25 May 2025.
  9. ^ "TROPICAL WEATHER OUTLOOK FOR THE NORTH INDIAN OCEAN (THE BAY OF BENGAL AND THE ARABIAN SEA) VALID FOR THE NEXT 168 HOURS ISSUED AT 0700 UTC OF 27.05.2025 BASED ON 0300 UTC OF 27.05.2025" (PDF). 28 May 2025.
  10. ^ "TROPICAL WEATHER OUTLOOK FOR THE NORTH INDIAN OCEAN (THE BAY OF BENGAL AND THE ARABIAN SEA) VALID FOR THE NEXT 168 HOURS ISSUED AT 0600 UTC OF 28.05.2025 BASED ON 0300 UTC OF 28.05.2025" (PDF). 29 May 2025.
  11. ^ "SPECIAL TROPICAL WEATHER OUTLOOK FOR THE NORTH INDIAN OCEAN (THE BAY OF BENGAL AND THE ARABIAN SEA) VALID FOR THE NEXT 168 HOURS ISSUED AT 0430 UTC OF 29.05.2025 BASED ON 0000 UTC OF 29.05.2025" (PDF). 29 May 2025.
  12. ^ "SPECIAL TROPICAL WEATHER OUTLOOK FOR THE NORTH INDIAN OCEAN (THE BAY OF BENGAL AND THE ARABIAN SEA) VALID FOR THE NEXT 168 HOURS ISSUED AT 0700 UTC OF 29.05.2025 BASED ON 0300 UTC OF 29.05.2025" (PDF). 29 May 2025.
  13. ^ "SPECIAL TROPICAL WEATHER OUTLOOK FOR THE NORTH INDIAN OCEAN (THE BAY OF BENGAL AND THE ARABIAN SEA) VALID FOR THE NEXT 168 HOURS ISSUED AT 1000 UTC OF 29.05.2025 BASED ON 0600 UTC OF 29.05.2025" (PDF). 29 May 2025.
  14. ^ "SPECIAL TROPICAL WEATHER OUTLOOK FOR THE NORTH INDIAN OCEAN (THE BAY OF BENGAL AND THE ARABIAN SEA) VALID FOR THE NEXT 168 HOURS ISSUED AT 2100 UTC OF 29.05.2025 BASED ON 1800 UTC OF 29.05.2025" (PDF). 29 May 2025.
  15. ^ "SPECIAL TROPICAL WEATHER OUTLOOK FOR THE NORTH INDIAN OCEAN (THE BAY OF BENGAL AND THE ARABIAN SEA) VALID FOR THE NEXT 168 HOURS ISSUED AT 0330 UTC OF 30.05.2025 BASED ON 0000 UTC OF 30.05.2025" (PDF). 30 May 2025.
  16. ^ "SPECIAL TROPICAL WEATHER OUTLOOK FOR THE NORTH INDIAN OCEAN (THE BAY OF BENGAL AND THE ARABIAN SEA) VALID FOR THE NEXT 168 HOURS ISSUED AT 1500 UTC OF 30.05.2025 BASED ON 1200 UTC OF 30.05.2025" (PDF). 31 May 2025.
  17. ^ "Deep depression weakening, heavy rains to continue across Bangladesh". thefinancialexpress.com. 30 May 2025. Retrieved 30 May 2025.
  18. ^ "Deep depression in bay triggers torrential rain". thefinacialexpress.com. 30 May 2025. Retrieved 30 May 2025.
  19. ^ "City spared deluge, light rain ahead; system turns into deep depression, moves towards Bangladesh". The Telegraph (India). 30 May 2025. Retrieved 30 May 2025.
  20. ^ "India's Rising Tide of Climate Migration: A Crisis Without a Policy". The Hindu. 12 June 2025. Retrieved 12 June 2025.
  21. ^ "Lakhs still affected by floods in northeast; death toll reaches 55". PressReader. 7 June 2025. Retrieved 7 June 2025.
  22. ^ "Depression in Bay triggers coastal flooding, kills 3". Daily Sun. 31 May 2025. Retrieved 31 May 2025.
  23. ^ "Bangladesh: Floods and Landslides - Jun 2025". ReliefWeb. 2 June 2025. Retrieved 7 June 2025.
  24. ^ "ရေကြည်နှင့် ဒေးဒရဲတွင် လေပြင်းတိုက်ခတ်ပြီး လူနေအိမ် ၅၀ ခန့်ပျက်စီး". Democratic Voice of Burma (in Burmese). 31 May 2025. Retrieved 31 May 2025.
  25. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Naming". public.wmo.int. 30 May 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  26. ^ "Naming of Tropical Cyclones over the North Indian Ocean" (PDF). rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in. New, Delhi: India Meteorological Department. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 September 2021. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
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