2025 CCAA/Curling Canada College Curling Championships

2025 CCAA/Curling Canada
College Championships
Host cityLethbridge, Alberta
ArenaLethbridge Curling Club
DatesFebruary 24–28
Men's winner Mohawk Mountaineers
SkipJacob Jones
ThirdJoel Matthews
SecondEric Just
LeadJarrett Matthews
AlternateThomas Del Conte
CoachElizabeth Anne Calic
Finalist SAIT Trojans (Baum)
Women's winner PACWEST
SkipEmily Bowles
ThirdErin Fitzgibbon
SecondAlex Ashton
LeadLauren Cochrane
CoachKris Gira
Finalist Red Deer Polytechnic Queens (Raniseth)
« 2024
2026 »

The 2025 CCAA/Curling Canada College Championships were held from February 24 to 28 at the Lethbridge Curling Club in Lethbridge, Alberta.[1] The event was hosted by the University of Lethbridge.[2] The event was held in conjunction with the 2025 U Sports/Curling Canada University Curling Championships, the Canadian university curling championship.

Men

Teams

The teams are listed as follows:[3][4]

Team Skip Third Second Lead Alternate College
Assiniboine Cougars Jordan Ricard (Fourth) Michael Wytinck Gavin Chuhai Oscar Funk (Skip) Assiniboine Community College
Gaillards du Cégep Adam Bédard Nathan Beaudoin-Gendron Marc-Antoine Robert Maël Chrétien Cégep de l'Abitibi-Témiscamingue
Humber Hawks Jacob Dobson Noah Garner Matthew Abrams Matthew Moretto Humber College
Mohawk Mountaineers Jacob Jones Joel Matthews Eric Just Jarrett Matthews Thomas Del Conte Mohawk College
NAIT Ooks Anders van Amsterdam Tyler Brodt Matthew Hannah Nolan Peters Dante Bacchetto Northern Alberta Institute of Technology
Red Deer Polytechnic Kings Nick Woznesensky Jaden Morlock Reece Brigley Aiden Berube Rhett Whittmire Red Deer Polytechnic
SAIT Trojans David Baum Nick Mitsopoulos Justin Reay Jacob Shea Brady Johnson Southern Alberta Institute of Technology
Sault Cougars Evan Robert Justin Mackay Charles Darling Ben Appleton Jake Clouthier Sault College

Round robin standings

Final Round Robin Standings[5]

Key
Teams to Playoffs
Team Skip W L W–L PF PA EW EL BE SE LSD
Mohawk Mountaineers Jacob Jones 7 0 55 21 28 18 0 9 555.7
SAIT Trojans David Baum 5 2 1–1 45 31 28 19 1 9 608.1
Red Deer Polytechnic Kings Nick Woznesensky 5 2 1–1 41 30 24 20 8 6 684.6
Sault Cougars Evan Robert 5 2 1–1 40 27 23 20 3 8 1106.3
Humber Hawks Jacob Dobson 2 5 1–1 41 47 22 28 1 4 775.9
Gaillards du Cégep Adam Bédard 2 5 1–1 31 46 19 26 1 3 999.5
NAIT Ooks Anders van Amsterdam 2 5 1–1 36 41 26 24 2 11 1423.0
Assiniboine Cougars Oscar Funk 0 7 18 64 15 30 0 2 1355.1
Round Robin Summary Table
Pos. Team
ACC

RSEQ

HUM

MOH

NAIT

RDP

SAIT

SAU
Record
8 Assiniboine Cougars 4–7 3–11 2–11 3–7 3–7 1–11 2–10 0–7
6 Gaillards du Cégep 7–4 9–2 3–7 4–7 3–8 3–8 2–10 2–5
5 Humber Hawks 11–3 2–9 5–7 8–7 4–7 6–7 5–7 2–5
1 Mohawk Mountaineers 11–2 7–3 7–5 8–2 9–4 9–3 4–2 7–0
7 NAIT Ooks 7–3 7–4 7–8 2–8 3–6 5–6 5–6 2–5
3 Red Deer Polytechnic Kings 7–3 8–3 7–4 4–9 6–3 6–4 3–4 5–2
2 SAIT Trojans 11–1 8–3 7–6 3–9 6–5 4–6 6–1 5–2
4 Sault Cougars 10–2 10–2 7–5 2–4 6–5 4–3 1–6 5–2

Round robin results

All draws are listed in Mountain Time (UTC−07:00).[6]

Draw 2

Monday, February 24, 9:00 pm

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
Assiniboine Cougars (Funk) 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 X 4
Gaillards du Cégep (Bédard) 1 0 0 2 0 4 0 X 7
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
SAIT Trojans (Baum) 0 1 2 1 0 1 1 X 6
Sault Cougars (Robert) 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 X 1
Sheet E 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
Humber Hawks (Dobson) 0 2 0 1 1 0 1 0 5
Mohawk Mountaineers (Jones) 1 0 1 0 0 2 0 3 7
Sheet F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
NAIT Ooks (van Amsterdam) 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 X 3
Red Deer Polytechnic Kings (Woznesensky) 3 0 1 0 0 0 2 X 6

Draw 4

Tuesday, February 25, 12:30 pm

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
SAIT Trojans (Baum) 3 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 7
Humber Hawks (Dobson) 0 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 6
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
Red Deer Polytechnic Kings (Woznesensky) 0 0 4 0 1 0 3 X 8
Gaillards du Cégep (Bédard) 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 X 3
Sheet F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
Sault Cougars (Robert) 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 X 2
Mohawk Mountaineers (Jones) 1 0 0 1 0 2 0 X 4
Sheet H 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
NAIT Ooks (van Amsterdam) 1 0 1 0 3 1 1 X 7
Assiniboine Cougars (Funk) 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 X 3

Draw 6

Tuesday, February 25, 8:30 pm

Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
Gaillards du Cégep (Bédard) 0 2 3 0 2 0 2 X 9
Humber Hawks (Dobson) 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 X 2
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
Mohawk Mountaineers (Jones) 5 1 0 4 1 0 X X 11
Assiniboine Cougars (Funk) 0 0 1 0 0 1 X X 2
Sheet E 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
Red Deer Polytechnic Kings (Woznesensky) 0 2 1 0 2 0 0 1 6
SAIT Trojans (Baum) 1 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 4
Sheet G 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
Sault Cougars (Robert) 1 0 1 0 0 3 0 1 6
NAIT Ooks (van Amsterdam) 0 1 0 0 1 0 3 0 5

Draw 8

Wednesday, February 26, 12:30 pm

Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
Assiniboine Cougars (Funk) 0 0 0 0 1 0 X X 1
SAIT Trojans (Baum) 2 3 2 3 0 1 X X 11
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
Humber Hawks (Dobson) 0 0 0 3 3 1 0 1 8
NAIT Ooks (van Amsterdam) 3 1 2 0 0 0 1 0 7
Sheet G 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
Mohawk Mountaineers (Jones) 3 0 2 0 0 2 0 2 9
Red Deer Polytechnic Kings (Woznesensky) 0 1 0 1 2 0 0 0 4
Sheet H 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
Gaillards du Cégep (Bédard) 0 0 0 1 0 1 X X 2
Sault Cougars (Robert) 2 2 4 0 2 0 X X 10

Draw 10

Wednesday, February 26, 8:30 pm

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
NAIT Ooks (van Amsterdam) 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 X 2
Mohawk Mountaineers (Jones) 3 1 1 0 1 0 2 X 8
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Final
Red Deer Polytechnic Kings (Woznesensky) 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3
Sault Cougars (Robert) 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 1 4
Sheet F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
SAIT Trojans (Baum) 3 0 1 2 0 2 X X 8
Gaillards du Cégep (Bédard) 0 1 0 0 2 0 X X 3
Sheet G 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
Humber Hawks (Dobson) 6 0 3 0 0 2 X X 11
Assiniboine Cougars (Funk) 0 1 0 1 1 0 X X 3

Draw 11

Thursday, February 27, 8:30 am

Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
Gaillards du Cégep (Bédard) 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 X 3
Mohawk Mountaineers (Jones) 2 1 0 0 1 0 3 X 7
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Final
SAIT Trojans (Baum) 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 2 1 6
NAIT Ooks (van Amsterdam) 1 1 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 5
Sheet E 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
Sault Cougars (Robert) 1 0 1 3 2 0 3 X 10
Assiniboine Cougars (Funk) 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 X 2
Sheet H 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
Red Deer Polytechnic Kings (Woznesensky) 2 0 3 0 1 1 0 X 7
Humber Hawks (Dobson) 0 2 0 1 0 0 1 X 4

Draw 13

Thursday, February 27, 4:30 pm

Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
Assiniboine Cougars (Funk) 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 X 3
Red Deer Polytechnic Kings (Woznesensky) 0 1 0 1 2 1 2 X 7
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
Sault Cougars (Robert) 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 2 7
Humber Hawks (Dobson) 2 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 5
Sheet E 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
Gaillards du Cégep (Bédard) 0 3 0 1 0 0 0 X 4
NAIT Ooks (van Amsterdam) 1 0 1 0 3 1 1 X 7
Sheet H 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
Mohawk Mountaineers (Jones) 0 2 1 2 0 4 X X 9
SAIT Trojans (Baum) 1 0 0 0 2 0 X X 3

Playoffs

Semifinal Final
      
1 Mohawk Mountaineers 9
4 Sault Cougars 3
1 Mohawk Mountaineers 8
2 SAIT Trojans 4
2 SAIT Trojans 4
3 Red Deer Polytechnic Kings 3 Bronze medal game
4 Sault Cougars 2
3 Red Deer Polytechnic Kings 8

Semifinals

Friday, February 28, 9:30 am

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
Mohawk Mountaineers (Jones) 2 5 0 1 0 0 1 X 9
Sault Cougars (Robert) 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 X 3
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
SAIT Trojans (Baum) 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 4
Red Deer Polytechnic Kings (Woznesensky) 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 3

Bronze medal game

Friday, February 28, 2:30 pm

Sheet H 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
Sault Cougars (Robert) 0 0 2 0 0 0 X X 2
Red Deer Polytechnic Kings (Woznesensky) 1 1 0 0 5 1 X X 8

Final

Friday, February 28, 2:30 pm

Sheet F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
Mohawk Mountaineers (Jones) 0 2 0 0 1 0 2 3 8
SAIT Trojans (Baum) 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 4

Final standings

Place Team
Mohawk Mountaineers
SAIT Trojans
Red Deer Polytechnic Kings
4 Sault Cougars
5 Humber Hawks
6 Gaillards du Cégep
7 NAIT Ooks
8 Assiniboine Cougars

Women

Teams

The teams are listed as follows:[3][4]

Team Skip Third Second Lead Alternate College
Assiniboine Cougars Kristen Carlson Ashlie Jewar Robyn Newsome Kristen Willemen Michelle Foote Assiniboine Community College
Concordia Thunder Gabrielle Wood Payton Sonnenberg Tori Hartwell Rachel Jost Concordia University of Edmonton
Fanshawe Falcons Parker Doig Veronica Van Broekhoven Kara Wrightson Abigail Brown Frannie Richardson Fanshawe College
Humber Hawks Hailey Brittain Krysten Elson Amy Johnson Kathryn Campion Julia Stradiotto Humber College
Mohawk Mountaineers Hailey Money Sophia Novo Kerri Smith Natalie Scholtens Ava Andrews Mohawk College
PACWEST Emily Bowles Erin Fitzgibbon Alex Ashton Lauren Cochrane Pacific Western Athletic Association
Red Deer Polytechnic Queens Kaylee Raniseth Cuyler Desormeau Morgan DeSchiffart Nicole Homan Cassidy Blair Red Deer Polytechnic
SAIT Trojans Kayleigh Shannon Bayly Scoffin Raelyn Helston Madison Milot Samantha Atkinson Southern Alberta Institute of Technology

Round robin standings

Final Round Robin Standings[7]

Key
Teams to Playoffs
Team Skip W L W–L PF PA EW EL BE SE LSD
Red Deer Polytechnic Queens Kaylee Raniseth 7 0 59 13 33 10 2 19 982.8
PACWEST Emily Bowles 6 1 51 30 26 19 1 10 629.1
Concordia Thunder Gabrielle Wood 5 2 53 30 24 22 1 9 764.6
SAIT Trojans Kayleigh Shannon 4 3 50 35 27 21 1 9 1125.3
Fanshawe Falcons Parker Doig 3 4 46 37 26 19 1 11 613.6
Assiniboine Cougars Kristen Carlson 2 5 28 52 18 27 0 6 1503.0
Mohawk Mountaineers Hailey Money 1 6 23 62 15 33 0 3 1267.6
Humber Hawks Hailey Brittain 0 7 16 67 13 31 1 2 864.3
Round Robin Summary Table
Pos. Team
ACC

CON

FAN

HUM

MOH

PAC

RDP

SAIT
Record
6 Assiniboine Cougars 2–9 2–8 10–2 8–3 3–12 1–9 2–9 2–5
3 Concordia Thunder 9–2 10–2 10–4 10–2 4–6 1–8 9–6 5–2
5 Fanshawe Falcons 8–2 2–10 13–1 10–4 5–7 3–5 5–8 3–4
8 Humber Hawks 2–10 4–10 1–13 3–7 2–8 2–11 2–8 0–7
7 Mohawk Mountaineers 3–8 2–10 4–10 7–3 2–11 1–10 4–10 1–6
2 PACWEST 12–3 6–4 7–5 8–2 11–2 1–9 6–5 6–1
1 Red Deer Polytechnic Queens 9–1 8–1 5–3 11–2 10–1 9–1 7–4 7–0
4 SAIT Trojans 9–2 6–9 8–5 8–2 10–4 5–6 4–7 4–3

Round robin results

All draws are listed in Mountain Time (UTC−07:00).[6]

Draw 1

Monday, February 24, 3:30 pm

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
Assiniboine Cougars (Carlson) 0 1 0 0 1 0 X X 2
SAIT Trojans (Shannon) 2 0 1 2 0 4 X X 9
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
Humber Hawks (Brittain) 0 0 0 0 2 0 X X 2
Red Deer Polytechnic Queens (Raniseth) 3 2 2 2 0 2 X X 11
Sheet E 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
Concordia Thunder (Wood) 0 0 1 0 2 0 1 0 4
PACWEST (Bowles) 0 1 0 3 0 1 0 1 6
Sheet F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
Mohawk Mountaineers (Money) 0 0 2 0 2 0 0 X 4
Fanshawe Falcons (Doig) 3 4 0 1 0 1 1 X 10

Draw 3

Tuesday, February 25, 8:30 am

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
Humber Hawks (Brittain) 2 0 0 1 1 0 X X 4
Concordia Thunder (Wood) 0 4 3 0 0 3 X X 10
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
Fanshawe Falcons (Doig) 1 0 0 0 1 0 3 0 5
SAIT Trojans (Shannon) 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 3 8
Sheet F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
Red Deer Polytechnic Queens (Raniseth) 0 2 1 2 3 1 X X 9
PACWEST (Bowles) 1 0 0 0 0 0 X X 1
Sheet H 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
Mohawk Mountaineers (Money) 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 3
Assiniboine Cougars (Carlson) 2 0 1 1 2 0 1 1 8

Draw 5

Tuesday, February 25, 4:30 pm

Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
SAIT Trojans (Shannon) 2 2 0 1 0 1 0 0 6
Concordia Thunder (Wood) 0 0 4 0 1 0 2 2 9
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
PACWEST (Bowles) 5 0 1 2 0 1 3 X 12
Assiniboine Cougars (Carlson) 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 X 3
Sheet E 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
Fanshawe Falcons (Doig) 1 0 3 2 3 4 X X 13
Humber Hawks (Brittain) 0 1 0 0 0 0 X X 1
Sheet G 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
Red Deer Polytechnic Queens (Raniseth) 3 3 0 2 1 1 X X 10
Mohawk Mountaineers (Money) 0 0 1 0 0 0 X X 1

Draw 7

Wednesday, February 26, 8:30 am

Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
Assiniboine Cougars (Carlson) 1 1 0 4 4 0 X X 10
Humber Hawks (Brittain) 0 0 1 0 0 1 X X 2
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
Concordia Thunder (Wood) 0 3 4 0 2 1 X X 10
Mohawk Mountaineers (Money) 1 0 0 1 0 0 X X 2
Sheet G 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
PACWEST (Bowles) 0 4 0 0 0 3 0 X 7
Fanshawe Falcons (Doig) 0 0 1 2 1 0 1 X 5
Sheet H 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
SAIT Trojans (Shannon) 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 X 4
Red Deer Polytechnic Queens (Raniseth) 1 0 2 0 2 0 2 X 7

Draw 9

Wednesday, February 26, 4:30 pm

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
Mohawk Mountaineers (Money) 0 0 2 0 0 0 X X 2
PACWEST (Bowles) 1 2 0 2 3 3 X X 11
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
Fanshawe Falcons (Doig) 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 3
Red Deer Polytechnic Queens (Raniseth) 0 0 1 2 0 1 0 1 5
Sheet F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
Humber Hawks (Brittain) 1 0 0 0 1 0 X X 2
SAIT Trojans (Shannon) 0 4 1 2 0 1 X X 8
Sheet G 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
Concordia Thunder (Wood) 2 0 2 2 3 0 X X 9
Assiniboine Cougars (Carlson) 0 1 0 0 0 1 X X 2

Draw 12

Thursday, February 27, 12:30 pm

Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
SAIT Trojans (Shannon) 2 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 5
PACWEST (Bowles) 0 1 0 2 0 0 2 1 6
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
Humber Hawks (Brittain) 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 3
Mohawk Mountaineers (Money) 1 3 1 0 1 0 0 1 7
Sheet E 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
Red Deer Polytechnic Queens (Raniseth) 0 2 2 2 2 1 X X 9
Assiniboine Cougars (Carlson) 1 0 0 0 0 0 X X 1
Sheet H 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
Fanshawe Falcons (Doig) 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 X 2
Concordia Thunder (Wood) 2 1 0 3 0 2 2 X 10

Draw 14

Thursday, February 27, 8:30 pm

Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
Assiniboine Cougars (Carlson) 0 0 0 0 0 2 X X 2
Fanshawe Falcons (Doig) 1 1 1 2 3 0 X X 8
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
Red Deer Polytechnic Queens (Raniseth) 2 1 0 1 1 3 X X 8
Concordia Thunder (Wood) 0 0 1 0 0 0 X X 1
Sheet E 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
SAIT Trojans (Shannon) 0 2 0 5 1 1 1 X 10
Mohawk Mountaineers (Money) 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 X 4
Sheet H 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
PACWEST (Bowles) 2 0 1 1 0 2 2 X 8
Humber Hawks (Brittain) 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 X 2

Playoffs

Semifinal Final
      
1 Red Deer Polytechnic Queens 9
4 SAIT Trojans 4
1 Red Deer Polytechnic Queens 4
2 PACWEST 6
2 PACWEST 7
3 Concordia Thunder 5 Bronze medal game
4 SAIT Trojans 5
3 Concordia Thunder 7

Semifinals

Friday, February 28, 9:30 am

Sheet F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
Red Deer Polytechnic Queens (Raniseth) 2 0 1 0 2 0 2 2 9
SAIT Trojans (Shannon) 0 1 0 2 0 1 0 0 4
Sheet G 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
PACWEST (Bowles) 5 0 0 2 0 0 0 X 7
Concordia Thunder (Wood) 0 1 1 0 2 0 1 X 5

Bronze medal game

Friday, February 28, 2:30 pm

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Final
SAIT Trojans (Shannon) 0 0 0 0 3 0 2 0 0 5
Concordia Thunder (Wood) 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 2 2 7

Final

Friday, February 28, 2:30 pm

Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
Red Deer Polytechnic Queens (Raniseth) 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 X 4
PACWEST (Bowles) 0 1 1 1 2 0 1 X 6

Final standings

Place Team
PACWEST
Red Deer Polytechnic Queens
Concordia Thunder
4 SAIT Trojans
5 Fanshawe Falcons
6 Assiniboine Cougars
7 Mohawk Mountaineers
8 Humber Hawks

References

  1. ^ "2025 CCAA/Curling Canada College Championships". Curling Canada. Retrieved February 23, 2025.
  2. ^ "Heading to Lethbridge!". Curling Canada. April 16, 2024. Retrieved February 23, 2025.
  3. ^ a b "List of Teams". Curling Canada. Retrieved February 23, 2025.
  4. ^ a b "2025 U SPORTS/CCAA Curling Canada Curling Championships – Registration". Curling Canada. Retrieved February 23, 2025.
  5. ^ "Men's Standings". Curling Canada. Retrieved February 23, 2025.
  6. ^ a b "Scoreboard". Curling Canada. Retrieved February 23, 2025.
  7. ^ "Women's Standings". Curling Canada. Retrieved February 23, 2025.