2023 New Zealand census
| Thirty-fifth census of New Zealand | ||
|---|---|---|
| ||
| General information | ||
| Country | New Zealand | |
The 2023 New Zealand census, which took place on 7 March 2023,[1] was the thirty-fifth national census in New Zealand. It implemented measures that aimed to increase the Census' effectiveness in response to the issues faced with the 2018 census, including supporting Māori to complete the census.[2][3] It also included new questions on topics such as gender, sexual identity, and disabilities/health conditions.[4] The first Census data was published on 29 May 2024, in a range of data products and services.
Conducting the census
The 2023 census can be completed online or on paper forms. Forms with an access code were mailed out to householders from 20 February, but paper forms could be requested online or by telephone. The telephone number had operators speaking English, te reo Māori, Samoan, Tongan, Korean, Mandarin, Cantonese, Hindi, and Punjabi. New Zealand Sign Language was available through NZ Relay. One dwelling form was required for each household, and one individual form was required for each person present in the dwelling on Tuesday 7 March 2023. The census closed on 30 June 2023.
History
Background
The first full census in New Zealand was conducted in 1851, and the census was triennial until 1881, at which time it became five-yearly. The 1931 census was cancelled due to the effects of the Great Depression,[5] as was the 1941 census due to World War II.[6] The 1946 census was brought forward to Tuesday 25 September 1945, so that the results could be used for an electoral redistribution (the first for ten years) before the 1946 election.
1951 was the first year in which Māori and European New Zealanders were treated equally, with European New Zealanders having had a different census form in previous years and separate censuses in the nineteenth century. Results for those censuses before 1966 have been destroyed with a few exceptions and those since will not be available before 2066.[7]
The 2006 census was held on Tuesday, 7 March. For the first time, respondents had the option of completing their census form online rather than by a printed form.
The 2011 census was scheduled for Tuesday, 8 March. However, due to the Christchurch earthquake on 22 February 2011, it was cancelled.[8] For the first time ever, all 2011 census forms would have been digitally archived.[9] On 27 May 2011 Statistics New Zealand announced that a census would take place in March 2013.[10] The legislation required to change the census date was introduced to Parliament in August 2011.[11]
The 2013 census was held on Tuesday 5 March 2013 and the 2018 census was held on Tuesday 6 March 2018.[12] The 2018 census faced wide criticism for low response rates, a poor rollout of the online component of the census and delays.[13][14] This resulted in an independent review of the census process, and the resignation of the then-Chief Executive of Statistics New Zealand Liz MacPherson.[15]The date for the 2023 New Zealand census was announced by Stats NZ on 28 September 2022.[16]
Issues
Cyclone Gabrielle
In February 2023, Cyclone Gabrielle had devastated parts of the North Island, prompting the Government to declare a national state of emergency in six regions.[17] To address the disruption caused by Cyclone Gabrielle, the Government had agreed to an eight-week extension of the census for the worst affected areas.[18] People living in cyclone-affected areas including the Far North District, Gisborne District, and Hawkes Bay had until 1 June to complete their Census.[19]
In addition, Statistics New Zealand asked the Government for an extra NZ$37 million to cover extra costs. Face-to-face visits were also delayed in some affected areas. Field operations in Gisborne and Hawkes Bay commenced on 3 April.[17]
Participation rates
On 6 March 2023, Radio New Zealand reported that just one million New Zealanders had filled out their census forms. Statistics New Zealand's deputy chief executive census and collections operation, Simon Mason, described the response as underwhelming and attributed the lower response rate to the disruption caused by Cyclone Gabrielle and opposition by some on social media to participating in the census. In response to criticism of the 2018 New Zealand census, Mason confirmed that Statistics NZ had sent two forms in the post to bolster public engagement.[18]
By 31 March, Statistics NZ had confirmed that four million people had returned their census forms; beating the 30 April milestone for the 2018 census. On 5 April, Newsroom reported that one in five people had not returned their census forms, with the figure rising to two in five people within the Māori and Pacific communities. Newsroom also reported low rates of participation in Gisborne and Hawkes Bay; with 26,200 out of Gisborne's estimated total population of 52,100 and 89,300 out of Hawkes Bay's population of 182,700 returning their survey forms.[17]
According to Newsroom, Statistics NZ had fallen behind its target of visiting all non-responding and partially responding households by nine days after 7 March. By 31 March, 29,000 dwellings outside Te Mana Whakatipu, Gisborne, and Hawkes Bay had not received their first visit. Mason also confirmed that census workers had made 1.3 million non-response follow-up visits to 790,000 dwellings by 31 March. In an effort to boost participation, Statistics NZ deployed over 3,000 census collectors in the community until 3 May and until 1 June in Hawkes Bay and Gisborne. Mason also confirmed that Statistics NZ would focus on supporting under-represented groups including Māori.[17]
By 20 April, Statistics NZ confirmed that 4.3 million people had returned their census forms while one in five respondents had not returned their forms. The Bay of Plenty Times reported that 274,300 had returned their forms by 19 April. However, 73,400 forms had not been returned; with 37,300 of these non-respondents being Māori and 17,700 being youths. Non-respondents face a NZ$2,000 fine under the Data and Statistics Act 2022.[19]
By 1 May, Statistics NZ confirmed that 4,408,894 people out of an estimated population of 5.15 million had returned their census forms. Statistics NZ spokesperson Tracy Dillimore confirmed that the national Census response rate was 86%. Deputy government statistician Simon Mason warned that people who had not completed their census forms would receive a final notice from 9 May.[20]
National Party statistics spokesperson Simon Watts described the 2023 Census as a failure and doubted that Statistics NZ would reach its 90% target. Watts also disputed Statistic NZ's position that Cyclone Gabrielle had disrupted the census collection process, pointing out that most of the uncompleted forms were from major cities with lower completion rates among Māori and Pasifika. Watts estimated that the 2023 Census would cost NZ$337 million, including the extra NZ$37 million requested by Statistics NZ. By contrast, the Minister of Statistics Deborah Russell claimed that the 2023 Census was an improvement over the 2018 Census, citing the former's 86% response rate in comparison with the latter's overall response rate of 81.6%.[20]
By 20 May, 4.5 million census forms (covering 88% of the population) had been returned. According to Deputy Government Statistician Simon Mason, 55,000 final notice packs had been sent to non-responding households. At the time, 25% of Māori and Pasifika had not returned their census forms. During the 2023 census, Te Whānau-ā-Apanui trialled a "by Māori, for Māori" census collection drive in East Cape, Gisborne District and parts of the Northland Region. Data Iwi Leaders Forum spokesperson Rahui Papa credited the "by Māori, for Māori" drive with ensuring a 90% Māori uptake in the East Cape.[21]
Misuse of census data allegations
On 2 June 2024, the Sunday Star Times reported that Statistics New Zealand was investigating allegations by former staff at Manurewa Marae that Te Pāti Māori (Māori Party) had illegally used 2023 census data to target Māori electorate voters in the Tāmaki Makaurau electorate during the 2023 New Zealand general election, and that participants were given supermarket vouchers, wellness packs and food parcels to encourage them to fill out census forms and switch to the Māori electoral roll. The party's candidate Takutai Tarsh Kemp had won the Tāmakai Makaurau seat during the 2023 election. A whistleblower from the Ministry of Social Development had alerted Statistics NZ and the Police, which had delayed investigating the matter. In response, Te Pāti Māori leader John Tamihere denied the allegations and claimed they were made by disgruntled former staff. Tamihere said that the marae had been working with the Whānau Ora Commissioning Agency to promote Māori participation in the 2023 census. Tamihere also acknowledged that marae workers had given gifts to encourage people to participate in the 2023 Census and switch to the Māori roll.[22]
Prime Minister Christopher Luxon said the allegations are "pretty serious" and they need to be investigated promptly but were an issue for the party and the authorities.[23] David Seymour said a ministerial inquiry could be warranted and Leader of the Opposition Chris Hipkins said the allegations were "very serious" and warranted a "rigorous and very credible" review.[24][25] Doug Craig was appointed to investigate the census data misuse allegations. The findings will be shared with the New Zealand Police who are also investigating.[26]
On 27 August 2024, former academic Rawiri Taonui claimed that the whistleblowers connected to Destiny Church had instigated the allegations against Manurewa Marae and Te Pāti Māori following a failed attempt by the church to take over the marae.[27] On 22 January 2025, Statistics New Zealand's investigation cleared the Whanau Ora Commissioning Agency of data breaches during the 2023 Census, finding that the agency increased Māori participation. The report made nine recommendations to improve Statistics NZ's procedures and referred allegations against Manurewa Marae to the Privacy Commissioner. The report also found no evidence that one of the alleged whistleblowers had attempted to contact Statistics NZ regarding allegations against the marae.[28]
On 11 February 2025, The New Zealand Herald reported that Detective Superintendent Ross McKay was leading an investigation into allegations regarding Te Pāti Māori's misuse of census data and Covid-19 vaccination information at Manurewa Marae during the 2023 general election.[29]
Results
The first results from the census were released on 29 May 2024.[30]
Population counts
| Region | Population | Change | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2018 census | % | 2023 census | % | Change | % | pp | |
| Northland | 179,076 | 3.81 | 194,007 | 3.88 | 14,931 | 8.34 | 0.07 |
| Auckland | 1,571,718 | 33.44 | 1,656,486 | 33.17 | 84,768 | 5.39 | 0.27 |
| Waikato | 458,202 | 9.75 | 498,771 | 9.99 | 40,569 | 8.85 | 0.24 |
| Bay of Plenty | 308,499 | 6.56 | 334,140 | 6.69 | 25,641 | 8.31 | 0.13 |
| Gisborne | 47,517 | 1.01 | 51,135 | 1.02 | 3,618 | 7.61 | 0.01 |
| Hawke's Bay | 166,368 | 3.54 | 175,074 | 3.51 | 8,706 | 5.23 | 0.03 |
| Taranaki | 117,561 | 2.50 | 126,015 | 2.52 | 8,454 | 7.19 | 0.02 |
| Manawatū-Whanganui | 238,797 | 5.08 | 251,412 | 5.03 | 12,615 | 5.28 | 0.05 |
| Wellington | 506,814 | 10.78 | 520,971 | 10.43 | 14,157 | 2.79 | 0.35 |
| North Island | 3,594,552 | 76.48 | 3,808,005 | 76.25 | 213,453 | 5.94 | 0.23 |
| Tasman | 52,389 | 1.11 | 57,807 | 1.16 | 5,418 | 10.34 | 0.04 |
| Nelson | 50,880 | 1.08 | 52,584 | 1.05 | 1,704 | 3.35 | 0.03 |
| Marlborough | 47,340 | 1.01 | 49,431 | 0.99 | 2,091 | 4.42 | 0.02 |
| West Coast | 31,575 | 0.67 | 33,390 | 0.67 | 1,851 | 5.75 | 0.00 |
| Canterbury | 599,694 | 12.76 | 651,027 | 13.04 | 51,333 | 8.56 | 0.28 |
| Otago | 225,186 | 4.79 | 240,900 | 4.82 | 15,714 | 6.98 | 0.03 |
| Southland | 97,467 | 2.07 | 100,143 | 2.01 | 2,676 | 2.75 | 0.07 |
| South Island | 1,104,537 | 23.50 | 1,185,282 | 23.73 | 100,140 | 7.31 | 0.23 |
| Area outside region | 669 | 0.01 | 633 | 0.01 | 36 | 5.38 | 0.00 |
| New Zealand | 4,699,755 | 100.00 | 4,993,923 | 100.00 | 294,168 | 6.26 | |
Population counts by territorial authority and Auckland local board areas
| Territorial authority or Auckland local board | Population | Change | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2018 census | 2023 census | Change | % | |
| Far North district | 65,250 | 71,430 | 6,180 | 9.5 |
| Whangarei district | 90,960 | 96,678 | 5,718 | 6.3 |
| Kaipara district | 22,869 | 25,899 | 3,030 | 13.2 |
| Auckland | 1,571,718 | 1,656,486 | 84,768 | 5.4 |
| Auckland – Rodney local board area | 66,417 | 77,949 | 11,532 | 17.4 |
| Auckland – Hibiscus and Bays local board area | 104,010 | 114,033 | 10,023 | 9.6 |
| Auckland – Upper Harbour local board area | 62,841 | 76,959 | 14,118 | 22.5 |
| Auckland – Kaipātiki local board area | 88,269 | 88,128 | 141 | 0.2 |
| Auckland – Devonport-Takapuna local board area | 57,975 | 58,005 | 30 | 0.1 |
| Auckland – Henderson-Massey local board area | 118,422 | 124,779 | 6,357 | 5.4 |
| Auckland – Waitākere Ranges local board area | 52,095 | 53,898 | 1,803 | 3.5 |
| Auckland – Aotea/Great Barrier local board area | 936 | 1,251 | 315 | 33.7 |
| Auckland – Waiheke local board area | 9,063 | 9,162 | 99 | 1.1 |
| Auckland – Waitematā local board area | 82,866 | 81,546 | 1,320 | 1.6 |
| Auckland – Whau local board area | 79,356 | 81,273 | 1,917 | 2.4 |
| Auckland – Albert-Eden local board area | 98,622 | 96,630 | 1,992 | 2.0 |
| Auckland – Puketāpapa local board area | 57,555 | 56,949 | 606 | 1.1 |
| Auckland – Ōrākei local board area | 84,318 | 83,196 | 1,122 | 1.3 |
| Auckland – Maungakiekie-Tāmaki local board area | 76,284 | 78,102 | 1,818 | 2.4 |
| Auckland – Howick local board area | 140,970 | 153,570 | 12,600 | 8.9 |
| Auckland – Māngere-Ōtāhuhu local board area | 78,120 | 78,642 | 192 | 0.2 |
| Auckland – Ōtara-Papatoetoe local board area | 85,122 | 86,949 | 1,827 | 2.1 |
| Auckland – Manurewa local board area | 95,670 | 98,784 | 3,114 | 3.3 |
| Auckland – Papakura local board area | 57,636 | 72,318 | 14,682 | 25.5 |
| Auckland – Franklin local board area | 74,838 | 84,357 | 9,519 | 12.7 |
| Thames-Coromandel district | 29,892 | 31,995 | 2,100 | 7.0 |
| Hauraki district | 20,022 | 21,318 | 1,296 | 6.5 |
| Waikato district | 75,618 | 85,698 | 10,350 | 13.7 |
| Matamata-Piako district | 34,404 | 37,098 | 2,694 | 7.8 |
| Hamilton city | 160,911 | 174,741 | 13,830 | 8.6 |
| Waipa district | 53,241 | 58,686 | 5,445 | 10.2 |
| Ōtorohanga district | 10,104 | 10,410 | 306 | 3.0 |
| South Waikato district | 24,042 | 25,044 | 1,002 | 4.2 |
| Waitomo district | 9,303 | 9,585 | 282 | 3.0 |
| Taupo district | 37,203 | 40,296 | 3,093 | 8.3 |
| Western Bay of Plenty district | 50,904 | 56,184 | 5,280 | 10.4 |
| Tauranga city | 137,130 | 152,844 | 15,714 | 11.5 |
| Rotorua district | 71,877 | 74,058 | 2,181 | 3.0 |
| Whakatane district | 35,700 | 37,149 | 1,449 | 4.1 |
| Kawerau district | 7,146 | 7,539 | 393 | 5.5 |
| Ōpōtiki district | 9,276 | 10,089 | 813 | 8.8 |
| Gisborne district | 47,517 | 51,135 | 3,618 | 7.6 |
| Wairoa district | 8,367 | 8,826 | 459 | 5.5 |
| Hastings district | 81,537 | 85,965 | 4,428 | 5.4 |
| Napier city | 62,241 | 64,695 | 2,454 | 3.9 |
| Central Hawke's Bay district | 14,142 | 15,480 | 1,338 | 9.5 |
| New Plymouth district | 80,679 | 87,000 | 6,321 | 7.8 |
| Stratford district | 9,474 | 10,149 | 675 | 7.1 |
| South Taranaki district | 27,534 | 29,025 | 1,491 | 5.4 |
| Ruapehu district | 12,309 | 13,095 | 786 | 6.4 |
| Whanganui district | 45,309 | 47,619 | 2,310 | 5.1 |
| Rangitikei district | 15,027 | 15,663 | 636 | 4.2 |
| Manawatu district | 30,165 | 32,415 | 2,250 | 7.5 |
| Palmerston North city | 84,639 | 87,090 | 2,451 | 2.9 |
| Tararua district | 17,943 | 18,660 | 717 | 4.0 |
| Horowhenua district | 33,261 | 36,693 | 3,432 | 10.3 |
| Kapiti Coast district | 53,673 | 55,914 | 2,241 | 4.2 |
| Porirua city | 56,559 | 59,445 | 2,886 | 5.1 |
| Upper Hutt city | 43,980 | 45,759 | 1,779 | 4.0 |
| Lower Hutt city | 104,532 | 107,562 | 3,030 | 2.9 |
| Wellington city | 202,737 | 202,689 | 48 | 0.0 |
| Masterton district | 25,557 | 27,678 | 2,121 | 8.3 |
| Carterton district | 9,198 | 10,107 | 909 | 9.9 |
| South Wairarapa district | 10,575 | 11,811 | 1,236 | 11.7 |
| Tasman district | 52,389 | 57,807 | 5,418 | 10.3 |
| Nelson city | 50,880 | 52,584 | 1,704 | 3.3 |
| Marlborough district | 47,340 | 49,431 | 2,091 | 4.4 |
| Kaikoura district | 3,912 | 4,215 | 303 | 7.7 |
| Buller district | 9,591 | 10,446 | 855 | 8.9 |
| Grey district | 13,344 | 14,043 | 699 | 5.2 |
| Westland district | 8,640 | 8,901 | 261 | 3.0 |
| Hurunui district | 12,558 | 13,608 | 1,050 | 8.4 |
| Waimakariri district | 59,502 | 66,246 | 6,744 | 11.3 |
| Christchurch city | 369,006 | 391,383 | 22,377 | 6.1 |
| Selwyn district | 60,561 | 78,144 | 17,583 | 29.0 |
| Ashburton district | 33,423 | 34,746 | 1,323 | 4.0 |
| Timaru district | 46,296 | 47,547 | 1,251 | 2.7 |
| Mackenzie district | 4,866 | 5,115 | 249 | 5.1 |
| Waimate district | 7,815 | 8,121 | 306 | 3.9 |
| Chatham Islands territory | 663 | 612 | 51 | 7.7 |
| Waitaki district | 22,308 | 23,472 | 1,164 | 5.2 |
| Central Otago district | 21,558 | 24,306 | 2,748 | 12.7 |
| Queenstown-Lakes district | 39,153 | 47,808 | 8,655 | 22.1 |
| Dunedin city | 126,255 | 128,901 | 2,646 | 2.1 |
| Clutha district | 17,667 | 18,315 | 648 | 3.7 |
| Southland district | 30,864 | 31,833 | 969 | 3.1 |
| Gore district | 12,396 | 12,711 | 315 | 2.5 |
| Invercargill city | 54,204 | 55,599 | 1,395 | 2.6 |
| Area outside territorial authority | 39 | 72 | 33 | 84.6 |
| Total people | 4,699,755 | 4,993,923 | 294,168 | 6.3 |
Ethnic group
| Ethnic group | Population | Change | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2018 census | % | 2023 census | % | Change | % | pp | |
| European | 3,297,864 | 70.17 | 3,383,742 | 67.76 | 85,878 | 2.60 | 2.41 |
| Māori | 775,836 | 16.51 | 887,493 | 17.77 | 111,657 | 14.39 | 1.26 |
| Asian | 707,598 | 15.06 | 861,576 | 17.25 | 153,978 | 21.76 | 2.20 |
| Pacific peoples | 381,642 | 8.12 | 442,632 | 8.86 | 60,990 | 15.98 | 0.74 |
| Middle Eastern/Latin American/African | 70,332 | 1.50 | 92,760 | 1.86 | 22,428 | 31.89 | 0.36 |
| Other ethnicity | 58,053 | 1.24 | 56,133 | 1.12 | 1,920 | 3.31 | 0.11 |
| Total people | 4,699,755 | 100.00 | 4,993,923 | 100.00 | 294,168 | 6.26 | |
Age
The median age was 38.1 years, up from 37.4 years at the 2018 census.
| Age group | Cohort | Population | Age group change | Cohort change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2018 census | 2023 census | Change | % | Change | % | ||
| 0–4 | 2018–23 | 294,921 | 288,387 | 6,534 | 2.2 | 288,387 | 100.0 |
| 5–9 | 2013–18 | 322,632 | 311,736 | 10,899 | 3.4 | 16,815 | 5.7 |
| 10–14 | 2008–13 | 305,847 | 336,174 | 30,327 | 9.9 | 13,542 | 4.2 |
| 15–19 | 2003–08 | 301,821 | 320,637 | 18,813 | 6.2 | 14,790 | 4.8 |
| 20–24 | 1998–2003 | 317,400 | 311,952 | 5,451 | 1.7 | 10,131 | 3.4 |
| 25–29 | 1993–98 | 344,466 | 335,715 | 8,748 | 2.5 | 18,315 | 5.8 |
| 30–34 | 1988–93 | 317,034 | 374,079 | 57,042 | 18.0 | 29,613 | 8.6 |
| 35–39 | 1983–88 | 295,395 | 345,537 | 50,142 | 17.0 | 28,503 | 9.0 |
| 40–44 | 1978–83 | 291,345 | 315,765 | 24,417 | 8.4 | 20,370 | 6.9 |
| 45–49 | 1973–78 | 321,483 | 302,220 | 19,263 | 6.0 | 10,875 | 3.7 |
| 50–54 | 1968–73 | 308,589 | 322,635 | 14,043 | 4.6 | 1,152 | 0.4 |
| 55–59 | 1963–68 | 302,759 | 304,074 | 1,329 | 0.4 | 4,515 | 1.5 |
| 60–64 | 1958–63 | 260,901 | 296,418 | 35,517 | 13.6 | 6,341 | 2.1 |
| 65–69 | 1953–58 | 229,032 | 252,492 | 23,460 | 10.2 | 8,409 | 3.2 |
| 70–74 | 1948–53 | 183,636 | 213,438 | 29,805 | 16.2 | 15,594 | 6.8 |
| 75–79 | 1943–48 | 132,792 | 163,932 | 30,840 | 23.2 | 19,704 | 10.9 |
| 80–84 | 1938–43 | 85,362 | 107,991 | 22,629 | 26.5 | 24,801 | 18.7 |
| 85–89 | 1933–38 | 53,979 | 57,939 | 3,960 | 7.3 | 27,423 | 32.1 |
| 90+ | −1933 | 30,372 | 33,093 | 2,721 | 9.0 | 51,258 | 60.8 |
| 0–14 | 2008–23 | 923,403 | 936,297 | 12,894 | 1.4 | ||
| 15–29 | 1993–2008 | 963,690 | 968,304 | 4,614 | 0.5 | ||
| 30–64 | 1958–93 | 2,097,501 | 2,260,728 | 163,227 | 7.8 | ||
| 65+ | −1958 | 715,170 | 828,585 | 113,415 | 15.9 | ||
| Total people | 4,699,755 | 4,993,923 | 294,168 | 6.3 | |||
Māori descent
| Māori descent indicator | Population | Change | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2018 census | % | 2023 census | % | Change | % | pp | |
| Māori descent | 869,850 | 18.51 | 978,246 | 19.59 | 108,396 | 12.46 | 1.08 |
| No Māori descent | 3,715,050 | 79.05 | 3,873,726 | 77.57 | 158,676 | 4.27 | 1.48 |
| Don't know | 114,855 | 2.44 | 141,951 | 2.84 | 27,096 | 23.59 | 0.40 |
| Total | 4,699,755 | 100.00 | 4,993,923 | 100.00 | 294,168 | 6.3 | |
Dwelling counts
| Region | Dwellings | Change | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2018 census | 2023 census | Change | % | |
| Northland | 80,958 | 88,092 | 7,134 | 8.8 |
| Auckland | 547,059 | 611,895 | 64,836 | 11.9 |
| Waikato | 198,291 | 216,222 | 17,931 | 9.0 |
| Bay of Plenty | 127,812 | 137,349 | 9,537 | 7.5 |
| Gisborne | 18,684 | 19,509 | 825 | 4.4 |
| Hawke's Bay | 66,990 | 71,364 | 4,374 | 6.5 |
| Taranaki | 50,004 | 52,992 | 2,988 | 6.0 |
| Manawatū-Whanganui | 103,317 | 108,903 | 5,586 | 5.4 |
| Wellington | 203,019 | 215,991 | 12,972 | 6.4 |
| North Island | 1,396,140 | 1,522,323 | 126,183 | 9.0 |
| Tasman | 23,733 | 26,352 | 2,619 | 11.0 |
| Nelson | 21,534 | 22,845 | 1,311 | 6.1 |
| Marlborough | 22,719 | 24,807 | 2,088 | 9.2 |
| West Coast | 17,547 | 18,564 | 1,017 | 5.8 |
| Canterbury | 256,158 | 282,039 | 25,881 | 10.1 |
| Otago | 103,614 | 112,473 | 8,859 | 8.6 |
| Southland | 44,691 | 46,761 | 2,070 | 4.6 |
| South Island | 489,993 | 533,838 | 43,845 | 8.9 |
| Area outside region | 381 | 417 | 36 | 9.4 |
| New Zealand | 1,886,517 | 2,056,578 | 170,061 | 9.0 |
Summary by region
| Region | Ethnic group (%) | Age (%) | Maori descent | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| European | Maori | Pacific | Asian | 0–14 | 15–29 | 30–64 | 65+ | Median | Yes | No | |
| Northland | 73.0 | 37.4 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 19.6 | 15.4 | 43.2 | 21.8 | 43.2 | 39.9 | 56.7 |
| Auckland | 49.8 | 12.3 | 16.6 | 31.3 | 19.2 | 20.9 | 46.5 | 13.3 | 35.9 | 13.8 | 84.1 |
| Waikato | 71.7 | 25.2 | 5.2 | 12.2 | 20.2 | 18.7 | 43.9 | 17.3 | 37.9 | 27.6 | 69.2 |
| Bay of Plenty | 71.9 | 30.6 | 4.3 | 8.8 | 19.9 | 17.2 | 43.5 | 19.4 | 39.7 | 32.9 | 64.2 |
| Gisborne | 56.5 | 54.8 | 5.6 | 3.8 | 22.2 | 18.8 | 42.3 | 16.6 | 36.7 | 56.0 | 41.3 |
| Hawke's Bay | 73.3 | 28.6 | 6.2 | 6.5 | 19.8 | 17.3 | 43.6 | 19.4 | 40.4 | 30.6 | 66.2 |
| Taranaki | 83.6 | 21.8 | 2.6 | 5.7 | 20.2 | 16.4 | 44.4 | 19.1 | 40.4 | 24.4 | 71.8 |
| Manawatū-Whanganui | 78.1 | 25.1 | 5.0 | 7.7 | 19.3 | 18.3 | 42.8 | 19.5 | 39.7 | 27.3 | 69.0 |
| Wellington | 72.6 | 15.5 | 9.1 | 15.2 | 17.2 | 20.9 | 46.3 | 15.5 | 37.9 | 17.0 | 80.5 |
| North Island | 63.1 | 19.8 | 10.6 | 19.3 | 19.3 | 19.5 | 45.2 | 16.0 | 21.6 | 75.7 | |
| Tasman | 90.7 | 9.9 | 2.6 | 4.0 | 16.4 | 14.7 | 45.5 | 23.3 | 46.8 | 11.8 | 84.5 |
| Nelson | 84.7 | 11.9 | 2.8 | 8.6 | 16.6 | 15.6 | 46.2 | 21.6 | 44.0 | 13.3 | 83.5 |
| Marlborough | 85.9 | 14.9 | 3.7 | 5.4 | 16.6 | 14.4 | 45.0 | 23.9 | 46.1 | 16.9 | 79.4 |
| West Coast | 89.7 | 13.5 | 1.6 | 4.0 | 16.3 | 13.5 | 47.5 | 22.6 | 48.1 | 15.2 | 80.5 |
| Canterbury | 80.3 | 10.6 | 3.7 | 13.3 | 17.5 | 19.3 | 45.7 | 17.4 | 39.1 | 12.2 | 84.6 |
| Otago | 85.2 | 9.9 | 3.4 | 8.5 | 15.7 | 22.2 | 44.4 | 17.7 | 38.4 | 11.6 | 84.9 |
| Southland | 84.1 | 16.8 | 3.3 | 7.1 | 18.9 | 17.2 | 45.4 | 18.5 | 40.4 | 19.4 | 75.8 |
| South Island | 82.8 | 11.3 | 3.4 | 10.5 | 17.1 | 19.0 | 45.5 | 18.6 | 13.0 | 83.6 | |
| Area outside region | 72.5 | 66.4 | 3.8 | 2.8 | 15.6 | 15.2 | 53.6 | 16.6 | 44.1 | 67.8 | 28.9 |
| New Zealand | 67.8 | 17.8 | 8.9 | 17.3 | 18.7 | 19.4 | 45.3 | 16.6 | 38.1 | 19.6 | 77.6 |
In June 2025, Statistics New Zealand released new figures from the 2023 Census showing that 86,000 people moved from the North Island to the South Island between 2018 and 2023. During that same period, 30,000 people migrated from the South Island to the North Island.[31]
Gender and Sexual Identity
New census questions allowed data to be gathered for the first time[4] on, among others, the LGBTIQ+ population. Data found that 1 in 20 adults identified as LGBTIQ+.[32]
References
- ^ Piper, Denise (24 January 2023). "Cheat Sheet: Everything you need to know about the 2023 Census". Stuff. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
- ^ Fallon, Virginia (4 February 2023). "Census 2023 will do better, especially for Māori, Stats NZ says". Stuff. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
- ^ "Next Census date announced with new measures after poor 2018 turnout". 1 News. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
- ^ a b "What is new about the 2023 Census". 2023 Census | Aotearoa New Zealand. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
- ^ McRobie 1989, p. 91.
- ^ McRobie 1989, p. 95.
- ^ "New Zealand Genealogy". Genealogylinks.net. Retrieved 8 March 2015.
- ^ "Christchurch quake – census cancelled". 3 News. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 25 February 2011.
- ^ "What happens to your census forms?". Statistics New Zealand. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 16 February 2011.
- ^ "Census preparation underway". Statistics New Zealand. Retrieved 27 May 2011.
- ^ "Duties of Statutory Officers (Census and Other Remedial Provisions) Bill (2011)". New Zealand Parliamentary Counsel Office. Retrieved 10 August 2011.
- ^ "2018 Census". Statistics New Zealand. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
- ^ "Next Census date announced with new measures after poor 2018 turnout". 1 News. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
- ^ Fallon, Virginia (4 February 2023). "Census 2023 will do better, especially for Māori, Stats NZ says". Stuff. Retrieved 5 February 2023.
- ^ "Government's top statistician resigns in wake of Census 2018 debacle". 1 News. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
- ^ "2023 Census announced | Stats NZ". www.stats.govt.nz. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
- ^ a b c d Williams, David (5 April 2023). "Census turnout low despite $37m blowout". Newsroom. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
- ^ a b "1m and counting: Time ticking on filling in 2023 census". Radio New Zealand. 6 March 2023. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
- ^ a b "Census: More than 70,000 Bay of Plenty people have yet to return their forms". Bay of Plenty Times. NZME. 20 April 2023. Archived from the original on 21 April 2023. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
- ^ a b Pullar—Strecker, Tom (1 May 2023). "2023 Census heading for failure, forecasts National". Stuff. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
- ^ "Final notices sent as Census deadline extended for some regions". Radio New Zealand. 20 May 2023. Archived from the original on 22 May 2023. Retrieved 28 May 2023.
- ^ Vance, Andrea (2 June 2024). "Stats NZ investigating potential misuse of Māori census data". The Post. Archived from the original on 1 June 2024. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
- ^ Pearse, Adam (5 June 2024). "'Serious' – Luxon responds to Te Pāti Māori allegations from Niue". The New Zealand Herald. Archived from the original on 30 November 2024.
- ^ "The Post politics live: Party leaders react to census claims". The Post. 5 June 2024. Archived from the original on 6 June 2024.
- ^ "Claims of Census data misuse by Manurewa Marae probed by Stats NZ". 1News. 4 June 2024. Archived from the original on 5 June 2024.
- ^ "Stats NZ appoints Doug Craig to investigate census data misuse claims". RNZ. 5 June 2024. Archived from the original on 21 September 2024.
- ^ Taonui, Rawiri (27 August 2024). "Destiny Church behind allegations against Te Pāti Māori and Manurewa Marae". Waatea News. Archived from the original on 19 January 2025. Retrieved 22 January 2025.
- ^ Los'e, Joseph (20 January 2025). "Stats NZ inquiry clears Whānau Ora of 2023 Census data breach". The New Zealand Herald. Archived from the original on 20 January 2025. Retrieved 22 January 2025.
- ^ Los'e, Joseph (11 February 2025). "Manurewa Marae data misuse claims: Top police detective Ross McKay leading investigation into Te Pāti Māori". The New Zealand Herald. Archived from the original on 11 February 2025. Retrieved 13 February 2025.
- ^ "2023 Census population counts (by ethnic group, age, and Māori descent) and dwelling counts | Stats NZ". www.stats.govt.nz. Retrieved 29 May 2024.
- ^ Mitchell, Charlie; Gooch, Carly (11 June 2025). "North Island exodus fuels South Island population boom". The Press. Retrieved 18 June 2025.
- ^ "2023 Census shows 1 in 20 adults belong to Aotearoa New Zealand's LGBTIQ+ population (corrected) | Stats NZ". www.stats.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
Works cited
- McRobie, Alan (1989). Electoral Atlas of New Zealand. Wellington: GP Books. ISBN 0-477-01384-8.