2023–24 Jamaica Premier League

Jamaica Premier League
Season2023–24
Dates22 October 2023 - 19 May 2024
ChampionsCavalier
(3rd title)
RelegatedLime Hall
Treasure Beach
CONCACAF Caribbean CupCavalier
Mount Pleasant
CFU Caribbean Club ShieldArnett Gardens
Matches played192
Goals scored490 (2.55 per match)
Top goalscorerJavane Bryan
(17 goals)
Biggest home winCavalier 6–0 Molynes United (7 April 2024)
Humble Lions 6–0 Lime Hall (25 March 2024)
Biggest away winLime Hall 0–6 Harbour View (20 March 2024)
Highest scoringMolynes United 3–6 Tivoli Gardens (20 March 2024)
Longest winning run6 Wins
Mount Pleasant
Cavalier
Longest unbeaten run17 Matches
Mount Pleasant
Longest winless run16 Matches
Lime Hall
Longest losing run12 Losses
Treasure Beach
All statistics correct as of 26 June 2024.

The 2023–24 Jamaica Premier League was the 50th season of the top-tier football league in Jamaica. The season began on October 22, 2023, and concluded on May 19, 2024.[1] 14 teams competed in the league, with Mount Pleasant F.A. being the defending champions.[2] Wray and Nephew Group replaced Digicel as the new title sponsor at the start of the season.[3] Cavalier won the league to earn their 3rd JPL title.

Background

Two pre-season friendlies were announced by Professional Football Jamaica Limited (PFJL) prior to the start of the 2023–24 season. The friendlies would first see Mount Pleasant face Cavalier in the “Powerade Finals Rematch” on October 15, followed by Arnett Gardens vs Waterhouse in the second staging of the “Boom El Classico” on October 16.[4]

While Mount Pleasant defeated Cavalier 3–1 in the Powerade Finals rematch held at the Drax Hall Sports Complex, there were uncertainties whether the Boom El Classico match would be allowed to be hosted at the Anthony Spaulding Sports Complex due to curfews in the surrounding areas.[5] The match was later postponed to October 20 with the venue changed to the Drewsland Mini-Stadium.[6][7] Arnett Gardens defeated Waterhouse 2–0 to retain the Boom El Classico trophy after also running out winners in the inaugural edition held in the 2022 preseason.[8][9]

Overview

The season kicked off on 22 October 2023, with 6 of the 7 scheduled match week one fixtures contested. Cavalier and Harbour View match week one and two fixtures were postponed due to both teams involvement in the knockout stage of the 2023 CONCACAF Caribbean Cup.

In a late announcement by the PFJL, all 5 match week two fixtures on Sunday, 29 October 2023, were postponed due to Reggae Girls hosting Guatemala at home in the 2024 CONCACAF W Gold Cup qualification competition.[10][11]

Newly promoted premier league club Lime Hall parted ways with head coach David Pryce on November 20. Pryce walked away after guiding the team through three rounds of matches during which they garnered only a single point.[12] Molynes United head coach, Alex Thomas, became the second managerial causality of the season. Thomas parted ways with Molynes on November 29 after a run of 4 consecutive losses, leaving the club sitting at the bottom of the table and winless after 7 match weeks.[13]

Cavalier and Harbour View match week seven and eight fixtures were postponed due to both teams respective involvement in the finals and third place matches of the 2023 CONCACAF Caribbean Cup.

All postponed matches were rescheduled as midweek fixtures leading up to the halfway point of the season, with each team playing 13 matches by the end of the first round. Defending champions, Mount Pleasant, led the table with 28 points after winning their first 6 matches. Portmore United, displaying strong form and the best defense, trailed closely with 27 points. Despite a shaky start, Cavalier rallied with 6 consecutive victories, tying with Portmore United. Tivoli Gardens, Arnett Gardens, and Dunbeholden secured the remaining playoff spots in the top six.

Derbies

Match Week 4

Match week four was promoted as derby day, with two local derbies, the "Portmore Derby" and the "West Kingston Derby", scheduled on 12 November 2023. The Portmore Derby, the newer of the two, saw Dunbeholden square up against Portmore United at the Ferdi Neita Sports Complex. While the more established and historic West Kingston Derby between Arnett Gardens and Tivoli Gardens was hosted at the Anthony Spaulding Sports Complex.

Portmore Derby

Portmore United defeated Dunbeholden 2–0 in the Portmore Derby. The fiercely contested matchup saw both team go down to 10 players. Dunbeholden's Rohan Brown was shown a straight red card in the 12th minute and Portmore United's Emelio Rousseau shown a straight red card in the 70th minute for violent conduct.[14]

West Kingston Derby

Tivoli Gardens defeated Arnett Gardens 3–1 in the West Kingston Derby to mark their first derby victory at their arch-nemesis home ground since 2019. Justin Dunn netted all 3 goals for Tivoli Gardens to earn the premier league's first hat-trick of season, he was rewarded with the man of the match award for his outstanding derby performance.[15]

Match Week 17

Match week 17 featured the return fixtures of both local derbies. The Portmore Derby was hosted at the Fredi Neita Sports Complex again, while the West Kingston Derby was hosted at Stadium East Field.

Portmore Derby

The return leg of the Portmore Derby ended in a 1–1 draw. Dunbeholden took the lead with a 24th-minute goal from Chevoy Watkin, but Steven Young equalized for Portmore United in the 75th minute. Saneekie Burton was shown a red card in the 88th minute.

West Kingston Derby

Tivoli Gardens completed the double over Arnett Gardens with a 3–1 victory in their second encounter, cementing their dominance over their eternal rivals. Arnett Gardens seized the initiative when captain and talisman Fabian Reid lobbed the ball accurately from outside the 18-yard box, beating the onrushing Tivoli Gardens goalkeeper in the 57th minute to notch his 80th career goal for Arnett Gardens in the Jamaica Premier League.

However, Tivoli Gardens faced a setback when Howard Morris was shown a straight red card in the 62nd minute for deliberately striking an opponent in the face during a challenge for a loose ball. Despite being reduced to 10 men, Tivoli Gardens maintained their relentless pressure and were rewarded with a penalty in the 73rd minute, expertly converted by striker Justin Dunn, bringing his season tally to 10 goals.

Undeterred, Tivoli Gardens continued to press forward and eventually took the lead in the 76th minute through a goal by substitute Steven Clarke. Notably, Clarke, a former Arnett Gardens player, refrained from celebrating the goal as a sign of respect to his former club. Clarke then secured victory for Tivoli Gardens with another goal in the 80th minute, sealing a memorable win for his team.

Teams

Fourteen teams competed in the league — the top twelve teams from the previous season and two promoted teams from the second division. The two promoted teams were Lime Hall and Treasure Beach. Lime Hall made a return to the league since the 2010-11 season in which they competed under the name Benfica.[16][17] Treasure Beach made their debut in the Jamaica Premier League. They replaced Faulkland and Chapelton Maroons, both of whom previously made their debut in the league. They finished 13th and 14th, respectively, at the conclusion of the 2022–23 season and were relegated to the second division.[18]

Stadiums and locations

Team Location Stadium Stadium Capacity
Arnett Gardens Kingston Anthony Spaulding Sports Complex 6,000
Cavalier Kingston Stadium East 3,000
Dunbeholden Portmore Dunbeholden Sports Complex 1,500
Harbour View Kingston Harbour View Football Club Stadium 7,000
Humble Lion May Pen Effortville Community Centre 1,500
Lime Hall Academy Brown's Town Draxhall Sports Complex 3,500
Molynes United Kingston Jasceria Park Recreational Center 1,500
Montego Bay United Montego Bay Wespow Park 3,000
Mount Pleasant Football Academy Runaway Bay Draxhall Sports Complex 3,500
Portmore United Portmore Ferdie Neita Sports Complex 3,000
Tivoli Gardens Kingston Edward Seaga Sports Complex 5,000
Treasure Beach Treasure Beach St. Elizabeth Technical High School 3,000
Vere United Hayes Wembley Centre of Excellence 4,000
Waterhouse Kingston Waterhouse Mini Stadium 5,000

Source: Jamaica Premier League

Personnel and kits

Team Manager Captain Shirt Sponsor (chest) Kit Manufacturer
Arnett Gardens Xavier Gilbert[19] Fabian Reid Lasco iCool Admiral Sportswear
Cavalier Football Club Rudolph Speid[20] Kyle Ming Foska Oats
Dunbeholden Football Club Lenworth Hyde[21] Ricardo Thomas Sagicor Group Jamaica Limited
Harbour View Football Club Ludlow Bernard[22] TBC VM Group Limited
Humble Lion Football Club Vassell Reynolds[23] Andrew Vanzie none
Lime Hall Academy Football Club Valnie Clark[24] Damani Sewell Lynk Digital Payments
Molynes United Football Club Donald Stewart[25] Jason Wright Konnexx Services Limited
Montego Bay United Football Club Neider Dos Santos[26] Nevaun Turner Mastercard
Mount Pleasant Football Academy Theodore Whitmore[27] Sue-Lae McCalla CONSERVE IT Limited
Portmore United Football Club Phillip Williams[28] Seigle Knight Kemtek Development & Construction Limited
Tivoli Gardens Football Club Jerome Waite[29] Barrington Pryce JN Money
Treasure Beach Football Club TBC Ramario Thompson none
Vere United Football Club Linval Dixon[30] Javier Brown none
Waterhouse Football Club Marcel Gayle[31] Kemar Foster Bert's Auto Parts

Source: Admiral - Jamaica Premier League Store

Note
  • All kits were exclusively manufactured by Admiral Sportswear from an agreement signed between the league and sport-ware company in 2022.
  • Arnett Gardens, Humble Lions, Treasure Beach & Vere United began the season without front shirt sponsors.
  • All kits (shirts and shorts) display logos of the league's title sponsor, Wray & Nephew, and affiliate sponsors Proven and JustBet.

Managerial changes

Team Outgoing Manager Manner of Departure Date of Vacancy Incoming Manager Date of Appointment
Arnett Gardens Paul Davis End of Contract 11 July 2023 Xavier Gilbert 21 August 2023[32]
Dunbeholden Harold Thomas End of Contract 11 July 2023 Lenworth Hyde August 2023[33]
Tivoli Gardens Jermaine Johnson Mutual Consent 11 July 2023 Jerome Waite August 2023[34]
Lime Hall David Pryce Stepped Down 20 November 2023[12] Valnie Clark 4 December 2023[35]
Molynes United Alex Thomas Sacked 29 November 2023[13] Donald Stewart 4 December 2023[35]
Humble Lions Andrew Price Sacked 27 December 2023[36] Vassell Reynolds 27 December 2023[36]
Treasure Beach Omar Wedderburn Stepped Down 4 February 2023[37] Victor Ebanks TBC

Regular season

League table

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification or relegation
1 Mount Pleasant 26 18 5 3 37 15 +22 59 Advanced to Playoffs
(Semifinals)
2 Cavalier (C) 26 16 6 4 48 17 +31 54
3 Tivoli Gardens 26 15 6 5 51 23 +28 51 Advanced to Playoffs
(Quarterfinals)
4 Portmore United 26 13 10 3 37 16 +21 49
5 Arnett Gardens 26 14 7 5 44 24 +20 49
6 Waterhouse 26 12 7 7 38 22 +16 43
7 Montego Bay United 26 12 7 7 39 29 +10 43
8 Dunbeholden 26 10 7 9 34 33 +1 37
9 Vere United 26 7 6 13 27 36 −9 27
10 Humble Lions 26 7 4 15 30 47 −17 25
11 Molynes United 26 5 8 13 29 55 −26 23
12 Harbour View 26 5 7 14 32 39 −7 22
13 Treasure Beach (R) 26 3 4 19 17 52 −35 13 Relegated to JFF Championship
14 Lime Hall (R) 26 1 4 21 14 69 −55 7
Source: [1]
(C) Champions; (R) Relegated

Results

Home \ Away ARN CAV DUN HAR HUM LIM MBU MOL MTP POR TIV TRE VER WAT
Arnett Gardens 2–2 0–0 2–1 5–1 3–0 3–1 4–1 2–0 1–1 1–3 2–0 2–0 1–0
Cavalier 3–0 1–0 1–0 1–1 4–0 1–0 6–0 2–1 0–1 1–1 1–0 2–0 1–1
Dunbeholden 0–1 2–4 3–0 1–0 2–1 0–2 2–1 1–2 0–2 2–2 1–1 4–2 2–1
Harbour View 2–2 1–3 2–0 2–2 3–0 0–3 0–1 1–2 1–1 0–3 1–2 0–0 1–2
Humble Lions 0–2 1–2 0–0 2–4 6–0 3–2 1–1 0–1 1–4 0–2 1–0 3–0 1–5
Lime Hall 1–1 1–1 1–4 0–6 0–1 0–0 1–2 1–4 0–2 1–4 1–0 1–4 1–3
Montego Bay United 0–0 1–0 1–2 2–2 3–0 3–0 2–1 1–2 3–2 2–1 1–0 2–0 2–2
Molynes United 0–4 0–3 2–4 2–2 3–2 0–0 2–1 1–3 2–2 3–6 1–2 0–0 0–3
Mount Pleasant 2–0 2–0 3–0 2–0 1–0 2–1 1–1 1–1 1–0 1–0 1–0 0–2 0–0
Portmore United 2–0 1–0 1–1 1–0 2–0 3–0 1–1 2–0 1–1 0–0 3–1 0–1 0–0
Tivoli Gardens 3–1 0–0 1–1 1–0 4–1 3–1 1–2 1–0 0–1 0–0 3–2 1–2 3–0
Treasure Beach 1–4 0–5 0–0 0–2 0–1 1–0 1–2 2–2 0–2 1–3 0–5 0–2 2–4
Vere United 0–1 1–3 1–2 1–1 2–1 6–2 1–1 0–2 0–0 0–1 1–2 0–0 0–1
Waterhouse 0–0 0–1 1–0 1–0 0–1 1–0 3–0 1–1 0–1 1–1 0–1 4–1 4–1
Source: [2]
Legend: Blue = home team win; Yellow = draw; Red = away team win.

Playoffs

Bracket

Source:

Quarterfinals Semifinals Finals
6 Waterhouse 1 1 2
6 Waterhouse 1 2 3 1 Mount Pleasant 1 2 3
3 Tivoli Gardens 1 0 1 Mount Pleasant 1 (3)
Cavalier (p) 1 (4)
5 Arnett Gardens 1 1 2
5 Arnett Gardens 1 1 2 2 Cavalier 1 3 4
4 Portmore United 1 0 1 3rd place match
Waterhouse 1
Arnett Gardens 5

Results

Quarter finals

First Leg
Waterhouse1–1Tivoli Gardens
  • J. Bryan 44' (pen.)
Report
  • L. Russell 74'
Referee: O. Nicholson
Second Leg
Tivoli Gardens0–2Waterhouse
Report
Referee: O. Nation

Waterhouse won 3–1 on aggregate and advanced to the semi-finals.


Second Leg
Arnett Gardens1–1Portmore United
Report
Referee: C. Mason
Second Leg
Portmore United0–1Arnett Gardens
Report
Referee: O. Hamilton

Arnett Gardens won 2–1 on aggregate and advanced to semi-finals.


Semi-finals

First Leg
Waterhouse1–1Mount Pleasant
Report
Referee: C. Mason
Second Leg
Mount Pleasant2–1Waterhouse
  • D. Campbell 41', 56'
Report
Referee: O. Hamilton

Mount Pleasant won 3–2 on aggregate and advanced to JPL Finals.


First Leg
Arnett Gardens1–1Cavalier
  • J. Thomas 40'
Report
Referee: A. Perry
Second Leg
Cavalier3–1Arnett Gardens
Report
Referee: O. Nicholson

Cavalier won 4–2 on aggregate and advanced to JPL Finals.


Third place playoff

Waterhouse1–5Arnett Gardens
  • J. Dorman 34'
Report
Referee: A. Perry

Jamaica Premier League Finals

Mount Pleasant1–1Cavalier
  • D. Campbell 65'
Report
Penalties
3—4
Referee: O. Nation

Champions

  Jamaica Premier League Champions 
Cavalier
3rd title

Season statistics

Top scorers

Rank Player Club Goals[38]
1 Javane Bryan Waterhouse 17
2 Justin Dunn Tivoli Gardens 16
3 Jalmaro Calvin Cavalier 13
Fabian Reid Arnett Gardens
5 Andre Fletcher Waterhouse 12
Jason Wright Molynes United
7 Kemar Beckford Vere United 10
Shaqueil Bradford Mount Pleasant
Nicholas Nelson Dunbeholden
10 Chevaugh Walsh Portmore United 9

Hat-tricks

Date Player Club Match Result Scored Against
12 November 2023 Justin Dunn Tivoli Gardens 3-1 Arnett Gardens
20 November 2023 Javane Bryan Waterhouse 4-1 Vere United
22 January 2024 Fabian Reid Arnett Gardens 4-1 Molynes United
25 February 2024 Nicholas Nelson Dunbeholden 4-2 Molynes United
25 February 2024 Kemar Beckford Vere United 6-2 Lime Hall
20 March 2024 Andre Fletcher Waterhouse 4-2 Treasure Beach
20 March 2024 Justin Dunn Tivoli Gardens 6-3 Molynes United
20 March 2024 Jason Wright Molynes United 3-6 Tivoli Gardens
25 March 2024 Cleo Clark Humble Lions 6-0 Lime Hall
7 April 2024 Rojay Smith Dunbeholden 4-2 Vere United

Awards

Match Week Awards

Proven Player of the Week Award
Match Week Player of the Week
Player Club
1 none awarded
2 Javane Bryan[39] Waterhouse
3 Alex Marshall[40] Portmore United
4 Justin Dunn[41] Tivoli Gardens
5 Javane Bryan[42] Waterhouse
6 Nicholas Nelson[43] Dunbeholden
7
8 Deonjay Brown[44] Montego Bay United
9 Justin Dunn[45] Tivoli Gardens
10 Andre Fletcher[46] Waterhouse
11 Daniel Hardy[47] Molynes United
12 none awarded
13 Chevaughn Walsh[48] Portmore United
14 none awarded
15 Fabian Reid Arnett Gardens
16 none awarded
17 Steven Clarke Tivoli Gardens

References

  1. ^ "Dates for 2023-24 season confirmed". Jamaica Observer. 2022-11-10. Retrieved 2023-10-01.
  2. ^ "Mount Pleasant lift first Premier League title". jamaica-gleaner.com. 2023-06-11. Retrieved 2023-10-01.
  3. ^ "Wray and Nephew returns as Premier League sponsor after 16 years". Jamaica Observer. 2023-10-01. Retrieved 2023-10-01.
  4. ^ "Powerade Finals Rematch, Boom El Clasico set for National Heroes weekend". jamaica-star.com. 2023-09-20. Retrieved 2023-11-06.
  5. ^ "JPL pre-season match set to go despite Arnett Gardens curfew". Jamaica Observer. 2023-10-15. Retrieved 2023-11-06.
  6. ^ "Boom El Clasico postponed". jamaica-gleaner.com. 2023-10-17. Retrieved 2023-11-06.
  7. ^ "Arnett Gardens vs Waterhouse rescheduled for Wednesday". Jamaica Observer. 2023-10-17. Retrieved 2023-11-06.
  8. ^ Masters, Diwani (2022-10-18). "Arnett Gardens FC wins inaugural Boom El Clasico". Jamaica Observer. Retrieved 2023-11-06.
  9. ^ "Arnett retain Boom El Clasico". jamaica-star.com. 2023-10-20. Retrieved 2023-11-06.
  10. ^ "POSTPONEMENT NOTICE | JPL GAMES | OCT, 29 2023 – Jamaica Premier League". 2023-10-26. Retrieved 2023-11-10.
  11. ^ Fraser, Dwight (2023-10-27). "Jamaica Premier League -match day two games suspended". IRIE FM. Retrieved 2023-11-08.
  12. ^ a b Fraser, Dwight (2023-11-20). "First JPL coaching casualty of 2023-2024 season as Lime Hall and David Pryce sever ties". IRIE FM. Retrieved 2023-11-30.
  13. ^ a b "Molynes United part ways with coach Alex Thomas". Jamaica Observer. 2023-11-29. Retrieved 2023-11-29.
  14. ^ "Portmore prevail in JPL derby". jamaica-star.com. 2023-11-13. Retrieved 2023-11-13.
  15. ^ "Waite's successful return to Arnett in JPL". Jamaica Observer. 2023-11-12. Retrieved 2023-11-13.
  16. ^ McKnight, Franklin (2023-06-27). "LIME HALL FC ON BRINK OF GLORY FOR ST ANN". North Coast Times Jamaica. Retrieved 2023-12-25.
  17. ^ "Lime Hall, Treasure Beach promoted to JPL". jamaica-gleaner.com. 2023-07-03. Retrieved 2023-12-25.
  18. ^ "Faulkland relegated after 2-0 defeat". jamaica-gleaner.com. 2023-04-24. Retrieved 2023-10-14.
  19. ^ "Jamaica - Arnett Gardens FC - Results, fixtures, squad, statistics, photos, videos and news - Soccerway". us.soccerway.com. Retrieved 2023-11-06.
  20. ^ "Jamaica - Cavalier SC - Results, fixtures, squad, statistics, photos, videos and news - Soccerway". us.soccerway.com. Retrieved 2023-11-06.
  21. ^ "Jamaica - Dunbeholden FC - Results, fixtures, squad, statistics, photos, videos and news - Soccerway". us.soccerway.com. Retrieved 2023-11-06.
  22. ^ "Jamaica - Harbour View FC - Results, fixtures, squad, statistics, photos, videos and news - Soccerway". us.soccerway.com. Retrieved 2023-11-06.
  23. ^ "Jamaica - Humble Lions - Results, fixtures, squad, statistics, photos, videos and news - Soccerway". us.soccerway.com. Retrieved 2023-11-06.
  24. ^ "Jamaica - Lime Hall Academy FC - Results, fixtures, squad, statistics, photos, videos and news - Soccerway". us.soccerway.com. Retrieved 2023-11-06.
  25. ^ "Jamaica - Molynes United FC - Results, fixtures, squad, statistics, photos, videos and news - Soccerway". us.soccerway.com. Retrieved 2023-11-06.
  26. ^ "Jamaica - Montego Bay United FC - Results, fixtures, squad, statistics, photos, videos and news - Soccerway". us.soccerway.com. Retrieved 2023-11-06.
  27. ^ "Jamaica - Mount Pleasant Academy FC - Results, fixtures, squad, statistics, photos, videos and news - Soccerway". us.soccerway.com. Retrieved 2023-11-06.
  28. ^ "Jamaica - Portmore United FC - Results, fixtures, squad, statistics, photos, videos and news - Soccerway". us.soccerway.com. Retrieved 2023-11-06.
  29. ^ "Jamaica - Tivoli Gardens FC - Results, fixtures, squad, statistics, photos, videos and news - Soccerway". us.soccerway.com. Retrieved 2023-11-06.
  30. ^ "Jamaica - Vere United FC - Results, fixtures, squad, statistics, photos, videos and news - Soccerway". us.soccerway.com. Retrieved 2023-11-06.
  31. ^ "Jamaica - Waterhouse FC - Results, fixtures, squad, statistics, photos, videos and news - Soccerway". us.soccerway.com. Retrieved 2023-11-06.
  32. ^ "Arnett Gardens look to Gilbert for better". jamaica-star.com. 2023-08-17. Retrieved 2023-11-11.
  33. ^ Bailey, Robert (2023-08-11). "'Teacher' Hyde takes charge of Dunbeholden". Jamaica Observer. Retrieved 2023-11-11.
  34. ^ "Coach Waite targets Tivoli Gardens football revival". Jamaica Observer. 2023-09-05. Retrieved 2023-11-11.
  35. ^ a b "Lowly Lime Hall and Molynes in stalemate at Drax Hall". jamaica-gleaner.com. 2023-12-04. Retrieved 2023-12-05.
  36. ^ a b "Price And Humble Lion Part Ways". www.radiojamaicanewsonline.com. Retrieved 2023-12-28.
  37. ^ "Wedderburn quits as coach of Treasure Beach". www.jamaicaobserver.com. 2024-02-05. Retrieved 2024-02-08.
  38. ^ "Player Stats – Jamaica Premier League". 2023-10-20. Retrieved 2023-11-11.
  39. ^ "Instagram". www.instagram.com. Retrieved 2023-11-29.
  40. ^ "Instagram". www.instagram.com. Retrieved 2023-11-29.
  41. ^ "Instagram". www.instagram.com. Retrieved 2023-11-29.
  42. ^ "Instagram". www.instagram.com. Retrieved 2023-11-29.
  43. ^ "Instagram". www.instagram.com. Retrieved 2023-11-30.
  44. ^ "Instagram". www.instagram.com. Retrieved 2023-12-29.
  45. ^ "Instagram". www.instagram.com. Retrieved 2023-12-29.
  46. ^ "Instagram". www.instagram.com. Retrieved 2023-12-29.
  47. ^ "Instagram". www.instagram.com. Retrieved 2023-12-29.
  48. ^ "Instagram". www.instagram.com. Retrieved 2024-01-06.