2022 Kedah Darul Aman F.C. season

Kedah Darul Aman
2022 season
OwnerDaud Bakar
CEOKhamal Idris Ali
Head coachAidil Sharin
StadiumDarul Aman Stadium
Malaysia Super League8th
Malaysia FA CupSecond round
Malaysia CupRound of 16
AFC CupZonal semi-finals
Top goalscorerLeague:
Ronald Ngah (12 goals)

All:
Ronald Ngah (13 goals)

The 2022 season was Kedah Darul Aman's 14th season in the Malaysia Super League since the league's inception in 2004.

Management Team

Position Name
Head coach Aidil Sharin[1]
Assistant head coach Victor Andrag[2]
First-team coach Abdul Hadi Abdul Hamid
Goalkeeper coach Khairul Azman Mohamed
Fitness coach KhairulAnwar
Team Doctor Dr. Jasminder Singh
Physiotherapist Muhammad Nur'Illya Samsuddin
Medical officer Mohd Shahrizal Mohd Nadzir

Squad

No. Name Nat Date of birth (Age) Last club Contract since Contract ends
Goalkeepers
1 Ifwat Akmal (1996-08-10) 10 August 1996 Youth team 2016 2022
30 Ilham Amirullah (1994-02-26) 26 February 1994 Terengganu 2021 2022
55 Shahril Saa'ri (1990-03-07) 7 March 1990 PDRM 2020 2022
Defenders
2 Akmal Zahir (1994-02-16) 16 February 1994 Melaka United 2022 2022
3 Rodney Celvin (1996-11-25) 25 November 1996 Selangor 2021 2023
5 Marc Vales (1990-04-04) 4 April 1990 Sandefjord 2022 2022
13 Loqman Hakim (1998-01-22) 22 January 1998 Youth team 2020 2022
15 Heshamudin Ahmad (1999-02-15) 15 February 1999 Youth team 2022 2022
17 Syazwan Tajudin (1994-01-07) 7 January 1994 Kuala Lumpur City 2021 2022
23 Amirul Azhan (1993-07-23) 23 July 1993 Perak 2022 2022
27 Ariff Farhan (1996-07-14) 14 July 1996 FELDA United 2021 2022
33 Azmeer Aris (1999-08-05) 5 August 1999 Penang 2022 2022
76 Fareez Fadzil Youth team 2022 2022
Midfielders
4 Asnan Ahmad (1993-05-03) 3 May 1993 Terengganu 2021 2022
8 Khairu Azrin (1991-07-13) 13 July 1991 Penang 2022 2022
11 Al-Hafiz Harun (1994-04-13) 13 April 1994 Penang 2022 2022
14 Amer Azahar (1995-06-22) 22 June 1995 Penang 2022 2022
16 Amirul Hisyam (1995-05-05) 5 May 1995 Harimau Muda B 2015 2022
20 Fadzrul Danel (1998-01-14) 14 January 1998 Youth team 2019 2022
21 Fayadh Zulkifli (1998-09-14) 14 September 1998 Youth team 2019 2022
22 Syazwan Zainon (1989-11-13) 13 November 1989 Selangor 2021 2022
25 Dechi Marcel (1992-11-12) 12 November 1992 Terengganu 2022 2022
39 Sanrawat Dechmitr (1989-08-03) 3 August 1989 Bangkok United 2022 2022
66 Kamil Akmal Youth team 2020 2021
77 Azamuddin Akil (1985-04-16) 16 April 1985 Selangor 2019 2022
Strikers
10 Mahmoud Al-Mardi (1993-10-06) 6 October 1993 Al-Muharraq SC 2022 2022
18 Ronald Ngah (1991-09-12) 12 September 1991 Al-Salt 2022 2022
19 Aiman Afif (2001-02-18) 18 February 2001 Youth team 2020 2022
29 Afeeq Iqmal Youth team 2020 2021
99 Fikhri Zulkiflee (1999-01-22) 22 January 1999 Youth team 2020 2021
Players who left / loan to other club during the season
6 Jang Suk-won (1989-08-11) 11 August 1989 Melaka United 2022 2022
10 Dennis Buschening (1991-03-02) 2 March 1991 UiTM 2022 2022
28 Syafiq Ahmad (1995-06-28) 28 June 1995 Johor Darul Ta'zim 2022 2022

Transfers and contracts

Transfers in

Pre-season

Position Player Transferred From Ref
MF Farhan Roslan Perak Loan Return
DF Hidhir Idris PDRM Loan Return
DF Amirul Azhan Perak Free
DF Jang Suk-won Melaka United Free
DF Rodney Celvin Selangor Undisclosed
2 years contract signed in 2021 till 2023
DF Azmeer Aris Penang Free
DF Marc Vales Sandefjord Undisclosed
1 years contract signed in 2021 till 2022
MF Amer Azahar Penang Free
MF Al-Hafiz Harun Penang Free
MF Dechi Marcel Terengganu Free
MF Khairu Azrin Khazali Penang Free
FW Ronald Ngah Al-Salt Free
FW Dennis Buschening UiTM FC Free

Mid-season

Position Player Transferred From Ref
DF Akmal Zahir Melaka United

Note 1: Farhan Roslan left the club after returning from loan.

Loan in

Pre-season

Position Player Transferred From Ref
MF Syafiq Ahmad Johor Darul Ta'zim Season Loan

Mid-season

Position Player Transferred From Ref
MF Sanrawat Dechmitr Bangkok United Season Loan

Transfers out

Pre-season

Position Player Transferred To Ref
DF Rodney Celvin Selangor Loan Return
MF Rabih Ataya Ahed Loan Return [3]
GK Wan Mohd Syazmin Sri Pahang Free
DF Renan Alves Barito Putera Free [4]
DF Rizal Ghazali Sabah Free
DF Fairuz Zakaria Penang Free
DF Fandi Othman Sri Pahang Free
MF Tam Sheang Tsung Penang Free
MF Baddrol Bakhtiar Sabah Free
MF Anumanthan Kumar Lion City Sailors Free
MF Farhan Roslan Kelantan Free
FW Kpah Sherman Terengganu Free
FW Kipré Tchétché Terengganu Free
FW Faizat Ghazli Penang Free

Mid-season

Position Player Transferred To Ref
DF Jang Suk-won Unattached Released

Loan Out

Pre-season

Position Player Transferred To Ref
DF Hidhir Idris Kuching City Season loan

Loan Return

Mid-season

Position Player Transferred To Ref
MF Syafiq Ahmad Johor Darul Ta'zim Season Loan

Retained / Promoted

Pos Player Source
GK Shahril Saa'ri 1 year contract signed in 2021 till 2022
GK Ifwat Akmal 1 year contract signed in 2021 till 2022
GK Shahril Saa'ri 1 year contract signed in 2021 till 2022
DF Loqman Hakim 1 year contract signed in 2021 till 2022
DF Ariff Farhan 1 year contract signed in 2021 till 2022
DF Syazwan Tajudin 1 year contract signed in 2021 till 2022
DF Fareez Fadzil 1 year contract (U21) promoted
DF Heshamudin Ahmad 1 year contract (U21) promoted
MF Fadzrul Danel 1 year contract signed in 2021 till 2022 [5]
MF Fayadh Zulkifli 1 year contract signed in 2021 till 2022
MF Azamuddin Akil 1 year contract signed in 2021 till 2022
MF Aiman Afif 1 year contract signed in 2021 till 2022 [6]
MF Syazwan Zainon 1 year contract signed in 2021 till 2022 [7]
MF Asnan Ahmad 1 year contract signed in 2021 till 2022 [8]
MF Amirul Hisyam 1 year contract signed in 2021 till 2022
MF Kamil Akmal 1 year contract (U21) promoted
FW Fikhri Zulkiflee 1 year contract (U21) promoted
FW Afeeq Iqmal 1 year contract (U21) promoted

Friendlies

Pre-season

24 January 2022 1 Kedah Darul Aman 9–0 MADA Alor Setar
Syafiq Ahmad
Ronald Ngah
Fayadh Zulkifli
Khairu Azrin
Afeeq Iqmal
Rodney Celvin
Stadium: Padang Mada
26 January 2022 2 Kedah Darul Aman 1–0 Kedah Darul Aman U21 Alor Setar
Syafiq Ahmad Stadium: Padang UUM Sintok
30 January 2022 3 Kedah Darul Aman 5–0 Respect Alor Setar
Dennis Buschening 38' (pen.) 65'
Ronald Ngah 43' (pen.)
Jang Suk-won 70'
Fayadh Zulkifli 85'
Stadium: Padang UUM Sintok
1 February 2022 4 Kedah Darul Aman 3–0 Langkawi City Alor Setar
Afeeq Iqmal 20'
Fayadh Zulkifli 55'
Al-Hafiz Harun 65'
Stadium: Stadium Sultan Abdul Halim

Tour of Klang Valley (4–9 February)

5 February 2022 5 (KV Tour) Kedah Darul Aman 2–0 PIB Bukit Jelutong
Azamuddin Akil 35'
Ronald Ngah 80' (pen.)
Stadium: Padang Sime Darby
7 February 2022 6 (KV Tour) Kedah Darul Aman 2–1 PDRM Bukit Jelutong
Dennis Buschening 38'
Al-Hafiz Harun 45'
Mirbek Akhmataliev 75' Stadium: Padang Sime Darby
9 February 2022 7 (KV Tour) Kedah Darul Aman 1–1 UiTM Shah Alam
Amer Azahar 67' Azridin Rosli 45' Stadium: UiTM Stadium

Tour of Sabah - SMJ Cup (10–19 February)

12 February 2022 8 (SMJ Cup) Kedah Darul Aman 3–0 Sarawak United Kota Kinabalu
Syafiq Ahmad 45'
Fayadh Zulkifli 84'
Dechi Marcel 90'
Stadium: Likas Stadium
15 February 2022 9 (SMJ Cup) Kedah Darul Aman 1–0 Kelantan Kota Kinabalu
Ronald Ngah 63' Stadium: Likas Stadium
18 February 2022 10 (SMJ Cup) Kedah Darul Aman 0–1 Sabah Kota Kinabalu
Neto Pessoa 52' Stadium: Likas Stadium

Others

26 February 2022 11 Kedah Darul Aman 0–0 Penang Alor Setar
Stadium: Darul Aman Stadium

Mid-season

6 June 2022 1 Penang 1–1 Kedah Darul Aman George Town
Faizat Ghazli Ronald Ngah Stadium: City Stadium, Penang
10 June 2022 2 Kedah Darul Aman 0–0 Perak Alor Setar
Stadium: Darul Aman Stadium

Competitions

Malaysia Super League

Fixtures and results

  Win   Draw   Loss

4 March 2022 1 Sarawak United 0–1 Kedah Darul Aman Kuching
Ronald Ngah 17' Stadium: Sarawak Stadium
Attendance: 1,357
Referee: S. Logeswaran
9 March 2022 2 Kedah Darul Aman 3–2 Kuala Lumpur City Alor Setar
Syafiq Ahmad 32'
Fayadh Zulkifli 68'
Dennis Buschening 69'
Zhafri Yahya 29'
Fayadh Zulkifli 88'
Stadium: Darul Aman Stadium
Attendance: 2,555
Referee: Hamdan bin Awang
6 April 2022 3 Kedah Darul Aman 1–0 Sri Pahang Alor Setar
Rodney Celvin 55' Stadium: Darul Aman Stadium
Attendance: 2,520
Referee: Hasrol Amir
10 April 2022 4 Selangor 4–1 Kedah Darul Aman Petaling Jaya
Mukhairi 26'
Caion 34', 87'
Hakim 84'
Zahril  90+5'
Report (1)
Report (2)
Stadium: MBPJ Stadium
Attendance: 2,655
Referee: Kamil Zakaria
17 April 2022 5 Penang 1–2 Kedah Darul Aman Penang
Hilal El-Helwe 16' Ronald Ngah 62', 65' Stadium: City Stadium
Attendance: 5,330
Referee: Amzaidi Katimin
24 April 2022 6 Sabah 4–0 Kedah Darul Aman Kota Kinabalu
Mohd Amri Yahyah 51', 61', 71'
Park Tae-soo 56'
Stadium: Likas Stadium
Attendance: 3,177
Referee: Fitri Maskon
6 May 2022 7 Kedah Darul Aman 2–3 Melaka United Alor Setar
Ronald Ngah 20'
Syafiq Ahmad 37'
Ifedayo Olusegun 23', 90+2'
Emmanuel Oti Essigba 78'
Stadium: Darul Aman Stadium
Attendance: 6,148
Referee: S. Logeswaran
11 May 2022 8 Petaling Jaya City 3–3 Kedah Darul Aman Petaling Jaya
Darren Lok 29'
Mahalli Jasuli 77'
Khyril Muhymeen 83'
Ronald Ngah 20', 33', 65' Stadium: Petaling Jaya Stadium
Attendance: 685
Referee: Nafeez Abdul Wahab
17 May 2022 9 Kedah Darul Aman 0–0 Negeri Sembilan Alor Setar
Stadium: Darul Aman Stadium
Attendance: 3,495
Referee: Fusser Sallih
4 October 2022 10R Kedah Darul Aman 1-3 Johor Darul Ta'zim Alor Setar
Ronald Ngah 12' Bergson 37' 45'
Velázquez 60' (pen.)
Afiq 79'
Stadium: Darul Aman Stadium
Attendance: 14,954
Referee: Hamdan bin Awang
15 July 2022 11 Terengganu 2–1 Kedah Darul Aman Terengganu
Kpah Sherman 13'
Manny Ott 57'
Azamuddin Akil 90+3' Stadium: Sultan Ismail Nasiruddin Shah Stadium
Attendance: 6,336
Referee: S. Logeswaran
19 July 2022 12 Kedah Darul Aman 3–1 Sarawak United Alor Setar
Al-Mardi 9', 80'
Ronald Ngah 75'
Uche Agba 53' Stadium: Darul Aman Stadium
Attendance: 1,372
Referee: Razlan Joffri Ali
27 July 2022 13 Kuala Lumpur City 2–1 Kedah Darul Aman Kuala Lumpur
Jordan Mintah 56' (pen.), 72' Aiman Afif 41' Stadium: Kuala Lumpur Stadium
Attendance: 1,891
Referee: Usaid Jamal
1 August 2022 14 Sri Pahang 2–0 Kedah Darul Aman Kuantan
Andrés Steven Rodríguez Ossa 32', 67' Stadium: Darul Makmur Stadium
Attendance: 2,314
Referee: Amirul Izwan Yaacob
14 September 2022 15R Kedah Darul Aman 3–1 Selangor Alor Setar
Ronald Ngah 23'
Marc Vales 30'
Fayadh Zulkifli 90+5'
Caion 33' Stadium: Darul Aman Stadium
Attendance: 5,079
Referee: Hamdan bin Awang
1 September 2022 16R Kedah Darul Aman 1–0 Penang Alor Setar
Ronald Ngah 56' Stadium: Darul Aman Stadium
Attendance: 3,765
Referee: S. Logeswaran
17 August 2022 17R Kedah Darul Aman 1–1 Sabah Alor Setar
Ronald Ngah 7' Farhan Roslan 84' Stadium: Darul Aman Stadium
9 September 2022 18R Melaka United 0–3 Kedah Darul Aman Malacca
Al-Mardi 13', 89'
Fayadh Zulkifli 84'
Stadium: Hang Jebat Stadium
1 October 2022 19R Kedah Darul Aman 0–1 Petaling Jaya City Alor Setar
Ruventhiran Vengadesan 68' Stadium: Darul Aman Stadium
8 October 2022 20R Negeri Sembilan 4–3 Kedah Darul Aman Paroi
Matheus Alves 25'
Gustavo 59' 71'
Sean Eugene Selvaraj 66'
Al-Mardi 45+3'
Sanrawat Dechmitri 83'
Marc Vales 90'
Stadium: Tuanku Abdul Rahman Stadium
11 October 2022 21R Johor Darul Ta'zim 4–1 Kedah Darul Aman Johor
Bergson 50' (pen) 89'
Syafiq Ahmad 63' 67'
Ronald Ngah 45' Stadium: Sultan Ibrahim Stadium
15 October 2022 22R Kedah Darul Aman 1–3 Terengganu Alor Setar
Dechi Marcel 88' Faisal Halim 4'
Kipré Tchétché 18' 74'
Stadium: Darul Aman Stadium
  • R = Rescheduled matches

League table

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification or relegation
6 Kuala Lumpur City 22 8 5 9 30 31 −1 29
7 Sri Pahang 22 8 4 10 33 31 +2 28
8 Kedah Darul Aman 22 8 3 11 32 41 −9 27
9 Petaling Jaya City (D, R) 22 6 8 8 22 30 −8 26 Withdrawn from Liga Super and dissolved.[a]
10 Melaka United (D, R) 22 4 6 12 22 43 −21 18[b] Ejected from Malaysian Super League and dissolved.
Updated to match(es) played on unknown. Source: MFL
Rules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Goal difference; 3) Number of goals scored.
(D) Disqualified; (R) Relegated
Notes:
  1. ^ Petaling Jaya City withdrew from Liga Super before the start of 2023 season.
  2. ^ MFL officially snubs Melaka United and Sarawak United club licensing approval, as both clubs have problem with overdue payments of staffs or players. This decision prevented both from playing in 2023 Malaysian Super League.[9][10] As of November 2nd, there are still no appeal from both clubs to continue the league structure by playing in M5 League.[11]

Malaysia FA Cup

12 March 2022 (2022-03-12) First round Kedah Darul Aman 4–0 SAINS Alor Setar
21:00 UTC+8 Fayadh Zulkifli 18', 47'
Amer Azahar 50', 60'
Stadium: Darul Aman Stadium
Attendance: 1,333
Referee: Mohd Fusser Mad Sallih
6 July 2022 (2022-07-06) Second round Terengganu 1–0 Kedah Darul Aman Kuala Terengganu
Nasir 7' Report Stadium: Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin Stadium
Attendance: 11,689
Referee: Mond Amirul Izwan Yaacob

Malaysia Cup

Round of 16

26 Oct 2022 First leg Kedah Darul Aman 1–2 Negeri Sembilan Alor Setar
Fayadh Zulkifli 7' Report Che Rashid 42'
Matheus Alves 67'
Stadium: Darul Aman Stadium
Attendance: 3,118
Referee: Nazmi Nasaruddin
1 Nov 2022 Second leg Negeri Sembilan 0–0
(2–1 agg.)
Kedah Darul Aman Paroi
Stadium: Tuanku Abdul Rahman Stadium
Attendance: 8,350
Referee: Razlan Joffri Ali

AFC Cup

  Win   Draw   Loss

Group stage

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification KED VIS BAL KAY
1 Kedah Darul Aman 3 2 0 1 9 4 +5 6[a] Zonal semi-finals 5–1 4–1
2 Visakha FC 3 2 0 1 8 8 0 6[a] 5–2
3 Bali United (H) 3 2 0 1 5 5 0 6[a] 2–0
4 Kaya F.C.–Iloilo 3 0 0 3 2 7 −5 0 1–2 0–1
Source: AFC
Rules for classification: Tiebreakers
(H) Hosts
Notes:
  1. ^ a b c Head-to-head standings:
    • Tied on head-to-head points.
    • Head-to-head goal difference: Kedah Darul Aman: +2, Visakha FC –1, Bali United –1.
    • Head-to-head goals scored: Visakha FC 6, Bali United 4.
24 June 2022 1 Bali United 2–0 Kedah Darul Aman Denpasar
Report Ngah 45+2' (o.g.)
Rahmat 82'
Stadium: Kapten I Wayan Dipta Stadium
Attendance: 9,832
Referee: Akhrol Riskullaev (Uzbekistan)
27 June 2022 2 Kedah Darul Aman 4–1 Kaya Denpasar
Report
Stadium: Kapten I Wayan Dipta Stadium, Gianyar
Attendance: 100
Referee: Payam Heidari (Iran)
30 June 2022 3 Kedah Darul Aman 5–1 Visakha Denpasar
Report
Stadium: Kapten I Wayan Dipta Stadium
Attendance: 100
Referee: Ahmed Al-Ali (Jordan)

Knockout

9 August 2022 Zonal semi-finals PSM Makassar 2–1 Kedah Darul Aman Makassar
Report
Stadium: Andi Mattalatta Stadium
Referee: Akhrol Risquallev (Uzbekistan)

Statistics

Appearances and goals

Players with no appearances not included in the list.

As of match played 27 Oct 2022
No. Pos. Name League FA Cup Malaysia Cup AFC Cup Total
Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals
1 GK Ifwat Akmal 10 0 2 0 2 0 3 0 15 0
2 DF Akmal Zahir 9 0 1 0 2 0 4 0 11 0
3 DF Rodney Celvin 14+2 1 1 0 0 0 4 0 18 1
4 MF Asnan Ahmad 1+3 0 1 0 0 0 0+2 0 7 0
5 DF Marc Vales 13+1 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 11 1
8 MF Khairu Azrin 8+6 0 0+1 0 0 0 0+1 0 15 0
10 FW Mahmoud Al-Mardi 11 5 1 0 2 0 4 4 13 8
11 MF Al-Hafiz Harun 13+4 0 1+1 0 0+1 0 1+3 0 19 0
13 DF Loqman Hakim 3+3 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 0
14 MF Amer Azahar 4+6 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 8 2
15 DF Heshamudin Ahmad 4+3 0 1 0 0+2 0 0+1 0 6 0
16 MF Amirul Hisyam 3+4 0 1 0 0 0 2+1 0 11 0
17 DF Syazwan Tajudin 0 0 0+1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0
18 FW Ronald Ngah 20 12 1 0 2 0 4 2 22 13
19 FW Aiman Afif 1+2 1 1 0 2 0 2 0 4 1
20 MF Fadzrul Danel 4+9 0 2 0 1+1 0 1+3 0 15 0
21 MF Fayadh Zulkifli 6+12 4 1+1 2 2 1 0+4 4 20 10
22 MF Syazwan Zainon 11+3 0 0 0 0 0 2+1 0 14 0
23 DF Amirul Azhan 5+2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 0
25 MF Dechi Marcel 13+1 1 1 0 2 0 3 0 14 0
27 MF Ariff Farhan 15+1 0 0+1 0 2 0 1 0 15 0
29 FW Afeeq Iqmal 0+3 0 0+1 0 0+2 0 0+1 0 4 0
30 GK Ilham Amirullah 5+1 0 0+1 0 0 0 0 0 5 0
33 DF Azmeer Aris 8+5 0 2 0 0 0 3 0 16 0
39 MF Sanrawat Dechmitr 12 1 1 0 1+1 0 4 0 13 0
55 GK Shahril Saa'ri 7+2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 8 0
66 MF Kamil Akmal 5+3 0 1+1 0 2 0 3+1 0 12 0
76 DF Fareez Fadzil 0 0 0+1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
77 MF Azamuddin Akil 4+5 1 0 0+1 0 0 2+1 0 11 1
99 FW Fikhri Zulkiflee 0 0 0 0 0+1 0 0 0 0 0
Players transferred out during the season
6 DF Jang Suk-won 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0
10 FW Dennis Buschening 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1
28 FW Syafiq Ahmad 8+1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 2

Notes

References

  1. ^ "Aidil Sharin leaves Home to take top role at Kedah FA". Archived from the original on 2018-10-09. Retrieved 2018-10-08.
  2. ^ "Victor the right hand man for Aidil". Archived from the original on 2019-08-04.
  3. ^ Mahfoud, Maroun (November 19, 2020). "Rabih Ataya with a new club". www.falebanon.com.
  4. ^ "Bursa Transfer Liga 1: Makin Sangar, Bruno Matos Merapat ke Barito Putera".
  5. ^ "Fadzrul Daniel Still Together". Archived from the original on 2021-12-26.
  6. ^ "Aiman Afif bin Md Afizul | KDA FC 2022".
  7. ^ "Aiman Afif bin Md Afizul | KDA FC 2022".
  8. ^ "Asnan Ahmad | KDA FC 2022".
  9. ^ "Sarawak United, Melaka United confirmed out of 2023 Super League". Bernama. Retrieved 7 November 2022.
  10. ^ AVINESHWARAN, T. "Melaka and Sarawak officially dropped from Super League". The Star Malaysia. The Star. Retrieved 7 November 2022.
  11. ^ Rajan, K. "AFL offer 'booted' Melaka and Sarawak a lifeline". NewStraitsTimes. Retrieved 7 November 2022.