1925 in paleontology

Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.^[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1925.

Plants

Liverworts

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Lejeunea eophila^[2]^[3]	Sp nov.	jr synonym	Cockerell	Eocene Ypresian	Green River Formation	United States Colorado		A leafy liverwort morphospecies. Moved to Jungermannites eophila (1947).^[2]^[4]

Angiosperms

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Alsinites^[2]	Gen et sp. nov	valid	Cockerell	Eocene Wasatchian	Green River Formation	United States Colorado	A carnation family flower morphospecies.^[3]
Amorpha utensis^[2]	Sp. nov	valid	Cockerell	Eocene Wasatchian	Green River Formation	United States Colorado	A legume leaf morphospecies.^[3]
Banksites lineatulus^[2]^[3]	Sp. nov	jr synonym	Cockerell	Eocene Wasatchian	Green River Formation	United States Colorado	First named as a proteaceous seed morphotype Synonymized into Cedrelospermum nervosum in 1989)^[5]
Bumelia coloradensis^[2]	Sp. nov	jr synonym	Cockerell	Eocene Wasatchian	Green River Formation	United States Colorado	First named as a sapotaceous leaf morphospecies Synonymized into Leguminosites lesquereuxiana by 1952^[3]
Clethra? lepidioides^[2]^[3]	Sp. nov	jr synonym	Cockerell	Eocene Wasatchian	Green River Formation	United States Colorado	A tetramelaceous fruit morphotype Moved to Parvaspicula lepidioidea in 2023^[6]
Dalbergia knowltoni^[2]^[3]	Sp. nov	jr synonym	Cockerell	Eocene Wasatchian	Green River Formation	United States Colorado	First named as a legume leaf morphospecies. Synonymized into Leguminosites lesquereuxiana by 1952^[3]
Liquidambar callarche^[2]	Sp. nov	valid	Cockerell	Eocene Wasatchian	Green River Formation	United States Colorado	A sweet-gum species.^[3]
Lomatia obtusiuscula^[2]	Sp. nov	jr synonym	Cockerell	Eocene Wasatchian	Green River Formation	United States Colorado	First named as a Lomatia leaf morphotype^[3] Synonymized into "Cardiospermum" coloradensis in 1969)^[7]
Melia coloradensis^[2]^[3]	Comb. nov	jr synonym	(Knowlton) Cockerell	Eocene Wasatchian	Green River Formation	United States Colorado	Identified as a Melia leaf morphotype Moved from Phyllites coloradensis (1923) Moved to Lomatia coloradensis in 1929 Moved to "Cardiospermum" coloradensis in 1969)^[7]
Populus wilmattae^[2]^[8]	Sp. nov	valid	Cockerell	Eocene Wasatchian	Green River Formation	United States Colorado	An Aspen/cottonwood relative.^[2]^[8]
Potentilla? byrami^[2]	Sp. nov	jr synonym	Cockerell	Eocene Wasatchian	Green River Formation	United States Colorado	First named as a possible potentilla flower morphospecies^[3] Synonymized into Pseudosalix handleyi by 2003^[9]

Arthropods

Insects

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Cardiophorus exhumatus^[2]	Sp. nov	valid	Cockerell	Eocene Wasatchian	Green River Formation	United States Colorado	An elaterid click beetle species.
Cyttaromyia obdurescens^[2]	Sp. nov	valid	Cockerell	Eocene Wasatchian	Green River Formation	United States Colorado	A long-bodied cranefly.
Eoliarus^[2]	Gen, sp. et comb nov	valid	Cockerell	Eocene Wasatchian	Green River Formation	United States Colorado	A Fulgoroid plant hopper genus. The type species is E. quadristictus The genus also includes Oliarus? lutensis (1890).
Inocellia exusta^[10]	Sp nov	jr synonym	Cockerell & Custer	Eocene Priabonian	Florissant Formation	USA Colorado	An inocelliid snakefly moved to Fibla exusta in 1936^[11]
Mesoraphidia^[12]	Fam, Gen, et 4 sp nov	valid	Martynov	Late Jurassic	Karabastau Formation	Kazakhstan	A snakefly The type genus of the new family Mesoraphidiidae Includes the new species M. elongata, M. grandis, M. inaequalis, and M. similis
Thamnotettix packardi^[2]	Sp. nov	valid	Cockerell	Eocene Wasatchian	Green River Formation	United States Colorado	A cicadellid leafhopper.

Archosauromorpha

General pseudosuchian research

Longman describes a crocodilian skull discovered at Lansdown Station in Australia, assigning it to the genus Pallimnarchus (now Paludirex).^[13]

Dinosaurs

Taxon	Novelty	Status	Author(s)	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Arrhinoceratops brachyops^[14]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Parks	Cretaceous Maastrichtian	Horseshoe Canyon Formation	Canada Alberta	A ceratopsid
Trachodon amurense^[15]	Sp. nov.	Nomen dubium	Riabinin	Cretaceous Maastrichtian	Yuliangze Formation	China	A species of Trachodon later given the genus name Mandschurosaurus

Newly named plesiosaurs

Name	Status	Authors	Age	Location	Notes	Images
Tapinosaurus	nomen invalidum	Rabeck			Mislabeling of an image, not a valid genus name

Synapsids

Non-mammalian

Name	Status	Authors	Age	Location	Notes
Lycaenodon	Valid	Broom	257 Millions of years ago	South Africa
Lycaenoides	Valid	Broom
Lycaenops	Valid	Broom		South Africa Zambia	A Dog-like Gorgonopsian.
Notosollasia	Jr. synonym				Jr. synonym of Theriognathus.

Mammals

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Ardynictis^[16]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Matthew & Granger	Late Eocene	Ergilin Dzo Formation	Mongolia	A didymoconid, type species is A. furunculus.
Ardynomys^[16]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Matthew & Granger	Late Eocene	Ergilin Dzo Formation	Mongolia	A rodent, type species is A. olseni.
Hyaenodon eminus^[16]	Sp nov	Valid	Matthew & Granger	Late Eocene	Ergilin Dzo Formation	Mongolia	A hyaenodont

References

^ Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r Cockerell, T.D.A. (1925). "Plant and insect fossils from the Green River Eocene of Colorado". Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum. 66 (19): 1–13.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l LaMotte, R.S. (1952). Catalogue of the Cenozoic plants of North America through 1950. Geological Society of America Memoirs. Vol. 51. Geological Society of America. doi:10.1130/MEM51.
^ Steere, W.C. (1947). "Cenozoic and Mesozoic bryophytes of North America". The American Midland Naturalist. 36 (2): 298–324. doi:10.2307/2421507. JSTOR 2421507.
^ Manchester, S.R. (1989). "Attached reproductive and vegetative remains of the extinct American-European genus Cedrelospermum (Ulmaceae) from the Early Tertiary of Utah and Colorado". American Journal of Botany. 76 (2): 256–276. doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1989.tb11309.x.
^ Correa Narvaez, J. E.; Allen, S. E.; Huegele, I. B.; Manchester, S. R. (2023). "Fossil leaves and fruits of Tetramelaceae (Curcurbitales) from the Eocene of the Rocky Mountain region, USA, and their biogeographic significance". International Journal of Plant Sciences. doi:10.1086/724018.
^ ^a ^b MacGinitie, H.D. (1969). "The Eocene green River flora of northwestern Colorado and northeastern Utah". University of California Publications in Geological Sciences. 83 (116): 1–202.
^ ^a ^b Manchester, S.R.; Judd, W.S.; Handley, B. (2006). "Foliage and fruits of early poplars (Salicaceae: Populus) from the Eocene of Utah, Colorado, and Wyoming". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 167 (4): 897–908. doi:10.1086/503918.
^ Boucher, L.D.; Manchester, S.R.; Judd, W.S. (2003). "An extinct genus of Salicaceae based on twigs with attached flowers, fruits, and foliage from the Eocene Green River Formation of Utah and Colorado, USA". American Journal of Botany. 90 (9): 1389–1399. doi:10.3732/ajb.90.9.1389. PMID 21659238.
^ Cockerell, T. D. A.; Custer, C. (1925). "A New Fossil Inocellia (Neuroptera) from Florissant". The Entomologist. 58: 295–297.
^ Carpenter, F.M. (1936). "Revision of the Nearctic Raphidiodea (Recent and Fossil)". Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. 89 (2): 89–158. doi:10.2307/20023217. JSTOR 20023217.
^ Pérez-de la Fuente, R.; Peñalver, E.; Delclòs, X.; Engel, M.S. (2012). "Snakefly diversity in Early Cretaceous amber from Spain (Neuropterida, Raphidioptera)". ZooKeys (204): 1–40. doi:10.3897/zookeys.204.2740. PMC 3391719. PMID 22787417.
^ Longman, H.A. (1925). "A crocodilian fossil from Lansdowne Station". Memoirs of the Queensland Museum. 8 (2): 103–108.
^ Parks, W. A. (1925). "Arrhinoceratops brachyops, a new genus and species of Ceratopsia from the Edmonton Formation of Alberta". University of Toronto Studies (Geological Series). 19: 5–15.
^ Riabinin, A.N. (1925). "Реставрированный скелет исполинского ящера Trachodon amurense nov. sp" [The restored skeleton of the gigantic lizard Trachodon amurense nov. sp.]. Известия Геологического Комитета (in Russian). 44 (1): 1–12.
^ ^a ^b ^c Matthew, William Diller; Granger, Walter (1925). "New creodonts and rodents from the Ardyn Obo Formation of Mongolia". American Museum Novitates (193).

[1] Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.

[GRFCockerell1925-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r Cockerell, T.D.A. (1925). "Plant and insect fossils from the Green River Eocene of Colorado". Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum. 66 (19): 1–13.

[LaMotte1952-3] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l LaMotte, R.S. (1952). Catalogue of the Cenozoic plants of North America through 1950. Geological Society of America Memoirs. Vol. 51. Geological Society of America. doi:10.1130/MEM51.

[Steere1947-4] Steere, W.C. (1947). "Cenozoic and Mesozoic bryophytes of North America". The American Midland Naturalist. 36 (2): 298–324. doi:10.2307/2421507. JSTOR 2421507.

[Manchester1989-5] Manchester, S.R. (1989). "Attached reproductive and vegetative remains of the extinct American-European genus Cedrelospermum (Ulmaceae) from the Early Tertiary of Utah and Colorado". American Journal of Botany. 76 (2): 256–276. doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1989.tb11309.x.

[Parvaspicula-6] Correa Narvaez, J. E.; Allen, S. E.; Huegele, I. B.; Manchester, S. R. (2023). "Fossil leaves and fruits of Tetramelaceae (Curcurbitales) from the Eocene of the Rocky Mountain region, USA, and their biogeographic significance". International Journal of Plant Sciences. doi:10.1086/724018.

[MacGinitie1969-7] MacGinitie, H.D. (1969). "The Eocene green River flora of northwestern Colorado and northeastern Utah". University of California Publications in Geological Sciences. 83 (116): 1–202.

[Populus2006-8] Manchester, S.R.; Judd, W.S.; Handley, B. (2006). "Foliage and fruits of early poplars (Salicaceae: Populus) from the Eocene of Utah, Colorado, and Wyoming". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 167 (4): 897–908. doi:10.1086/503918.

[Boucher2003-9] Boucher, L.D.; Manchester, S.R.; Judd, W.S. (2003). "An extinct genus of Salicaceae based on twigs with attached flowers, fruits, and foliage from the Eocene Green River Formation of Utah and Colorado, USA". American Journal of Botany. 90 (9): 1389–1399. doi:10.3732/ajb.90.9.1389. PMID 21659238.

[Inocellidae1925-10] Cockerell, T. D. A.; Custer, C. (1925). "A New Fossil Inocellia (Neuroptera) from Florissant". The Entomologist. 58: 295–297.

[Carpenter1936-11] Carpenter, F.M. (1936). "Revision of the Nearctic Raphidiodea (Recent and Fossil)". Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. 89 (2): 89–158. doi:10.2307/20023217. JSTOR 20023217.

[Pérez-de_la_Fuente2012-12] Pérez-de la Fuente, R.; Peñalver, E.; Delclòs, X.; Engel, M.S. (2012). "Snakefly diversity in Early Cretaceous amber from Spain (Neuropterida, Raphidioptera)". ZooKeys (204): 1–40. doi:10.3897/zookeys.204.2740. PMC 3391719. PMID 22787417.

[L25-13] Longman, H.A. (1925). "A crocodilian fossil from Lansdowne Station". Memoirs of the Queensland Museum. 8 (2): 103–108.

[Parks1925-14] Parks, W. A. (1925). "Arrhinoceratops brachyops, a new genus and species of Ceratopsia from the Edmonton Formation of Alberta". University of Toronto Studies (Geological Series). 19: 5–15.

[riabinin1925-15] Riabinin, A.N. (1925). "Реставрированный скелет исполинского ящера Trachodon amurense nov. sp" [The restored skeleton of the gigantic lizard Trachodon amurense nov. sp.]. Известия Геологического Комитета (in Russian). 44 (1): 1–12.

[:0-16] Matthew, William Diller; Granger, Walter (1925). "New creodonts and rodents from the Ardyn Obo Formation of Mongolia". American Museum Novitates (193).

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