100P/Hartley
| Discovery[1] | |
|---|---|
| Discovered by | Malcolm Hartley |
| Discovery site | UK Schmidt Telescope |
| Discovery date | 13 June 1985 |
| Designations | |
| P/1985 L1 P/1991 E1 | |
| |
| Orbital characteristics[3][4] | |
| Epoch | 13 September 2023 (JD 2460200.5) |
| Observation arc | 37.17 years |
| Number of observations | 658 |
| Aphelion | 4.844 AU |
| Perihelion | 2.018 AU |
| Semi-major axis | 3.416 AU |
| Eccentricity | 0.41183 |
| Orbital period | 6.354 years |
| Inclination | 25.567° |
| 37.687° | |
| Argument of periapsis | 181.96° |
| Mean anomaly | 67.750° |
| Last perihelion | 10 August 2022 |
| Next perihelion | 15 December 2028[2] |
| TJupiter | 2.851 |
| Earth MOID | 1.003 AU |
| Jupiter MOID | 0.133 AU |
| Physical characteristics[3][5] | |
Mean radius | < 1.2 km (0.75 mi) |
| Comet total magnitude (M1) | 10.0 |
| Comet nuclear magnitude (M2) | 16.2 |
100P/Hartley, also known as Hartley 1, is a periodic, Jupiter family comet in the Solar System.
On 29 April 2164, the comet will pass 0.487 AU (72.9 million km; 45.3 million mi) from Earth.[3]
Observational history
Discovery
Malcolm Hartley discovered the comet from CCD images taken from the UK Schmidt Telescope in Australia on 13 June 1985.[1] At the time, the comet was a 16th-magnitude object within the constellation Virgo,[a] with a prominent tail extending about 1 arcminute towards the southeast. Despite the discovery announcement, Hartley remained the comet's only observer for the next three weeks.[6]
Follow-up observations
An additional observation by Hartley on 10 July 1985 has allowed Brian G. Marsden to compute the elliptical orbit of the comet for the first time, revealing that it was a short-period comet with a 5.66-year orbit around the Sun.[7] James B. Gibson obtained the only known Northern hemisphere observations of the comet during its first apparition on 27–29 July 1985.[6] It was last detected by Alan C. Gilmore on 14 August 1985.[6]
The small number of observations during its 1985 apparition has caused uncertainties in revising its orbit that it was almost considered lost.[8] It was successfully recovered by David H. Levy, Carolyn and Eugene Shoemaker on the night of 12 March 1991,[9] about 16 degrees from its predicted position.[10] Marsden later noted that the comet made a close encounter with Jupiter on February 1988, passing within 0.36 AU (54 million km) from the giant planet.[10]
References
Notes
Citations
- ^ a b M. Hartley (20 June 1985). B. G. Marsden (ed.). "Comet Hartley (1985f)". IAU Circular. 4077 (1). Bibcode:1985IAUC.4077....1H.
- ^ "Horizons Batch for 100P/Hartley 1 on 2028-Dec-15" (Perihelion occurs when rdot flips from negative to positive). JPL Horizons. Retrieved 29 April 2023. (JPL#38/Soln.date: 20 August 2022)
- ^ a b c "100P/Hartley 1 – JPL Small-Body Database Lookup". ssd.jpl.nasa.gov. Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 22 May 2025.
- ^ "100P/Hartley Orbit". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 1 November 2014.
- ^ P. L. Lamy; I. Toth; Y. R. Fernández; H. A. Weaver (2004). "The Sizes, Shapes, Albedos, and Colors of Cometary Nuclei" (PDF). Comets II. pp. 223–264. JSTOR j.ctv1v7zdq5.22.
- ^ a b c d Kronk, Meyer & Seargent 2017, pp. 149–150.
- ^ M. Hartley (18 July 1985). B. G. Marsden (ed.). "Periodic Comet Hartley (1985f)". IAU Circular. 4084 (1). Bibcode:1985IAUC.4084....1H.
- ^ G. W. Kronk. "100P/Hartley 1". Cometography.com. Retrieved 22 May 2025.
- ^ Kronk, Meyer & Seargent 2017, pp. 574–575.
- ^ a b C. S. Shoemaker; E. M. Shoemaker; D. H. Levy; et al. (16 March 1991). D. W. Green (ed.). "Periodic Comet Hartley (1991j)". IAU Circular. 5209 (1). Bibcode:1991IAUC.5209....1S.
Bibliography
- Kronk, Gary W.; Meyer, Maik; Seargent, David A. J. (2017). Cometography: A Catalog of Comets. Vol. 6: 1983–1993. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-87216-4.
External links
- 100P/Hartley at Seiichi Yoshida's website
- 100P/Hartley at the JPL Small-Body Database